ASTM F2205-07
(Guide)Standard Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Use of Chemical Dispersants in Oil Spill Response: Tropical Environments
Standard Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Use of Chemical Dispersants in Oil Spill Response: Tropical Environments
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide is meant to aid local and regional spill response teams who may apply it during response planning and spill events.
This guide presents data on the effects of surface oil, dissolved oil and dispersed oil on components of tropical environments. These data can aid in decision-making related to the use of dispersants to minimize environmental damage from oil spills.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers recommendations for use of chemical dispersants to assist in the control of oil spills and is written with the goal of minimizing the environmental impacts of oil spills. Aesthetic and socioeconomic factors are not considered; although, these and other factors are often important in spill response.
1.2 Each on-scene commander has available several means of control or cleanup of spilled oil. In this guide, use of chemical dispersants should not be considered as a last resort after other methods have failed. Chemical dispersants should be given equal consideration with other spill countermeasures.
1.3 This guide presents general guidelines only. The oil is assumed to be dispersible and the dispersant to be effective, available, applied correctly, and in compliance with relevant government regulations. Oil, as used in this guide, includes crude oils and fuel oils. Differences between individual dispersants and to a certain degree, differences between different oils are not considered.
1.4 This guide is one of several related to dispersant considerations in different environments. The other standards are listed in Section 2 .
1.5 This guide applies to marine and estuarine environments but not to freshwater environments.
1.6 In making dispersant use decisions, appropriate government authorities should be consulted as required by law.
1.7This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: F2205 − 07
StandardGuide for
Ecological Considerations for the Use of Chemical
1
Dispersants in Oil Spill Response: Tropical Environments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2205; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This guide covers recommendations for use of chemical 2.1 ASTM Standards:
dispersants to assist in the control of oil spills and is written F2532 Guide for Determining Net Environmental Benefit of
with the goal of minimizing the environmental impacts of oil Dispersant Use
spills.Aesthetic and socioeconomic factors are not considered;
3. Significance and Use
although, these and other factors are often important in spill
response.
3.1 This guide is meant to aid local and regional spill
responseteamswhomayapplyitduringresponseplanningand
1.2 Each on-scene commander has available several means
spill events.
of control or cleanup of spilled oil. In this guide, use of
chemical dispersants should not be considered as a last resort
3.2 This guide presents data on the effects of surface oil,
after other methods have failed. Chemical dispersants should dissolved oil and dispersed oil on components of tropical
be given equal consideration with other spill countermeasures.
environments.These data can aid in decision-making related to
the use of dispersants to minimize environmental damage from
1.3 This guide presents general guidelines only. The oil is
oil spills.
assumed to be dispersible and the dispersant to be effective,
available, applied correctly, and in compliance with relevant
4. General Considerations for Making Dispersant-Use
government regulations. Oil, as used in this guide, includes
Decisions
crude oils and fuel oils. Differences between individual disper-
4.1 The decision of whether to use or not to use dispersants
sants and to a certain degree, differences between different oils
in a given spill situation involves trade-offs. Dispersing a slick
are not considered.
at one site temporarily introduces more oil into the water
1.4 This guide is one of several related to dispersant
column at that site than would be there if a surfaceslickfloated
considerations in different environments. The other standards
over it. Therefore, adverse effects on water column organisms
are listed in Section 2.
may be increased at that site so that adverse effects can be
1.5 Thisguideappliestomarineandestuarineenvironments
decreased at other sites.
but not to freshwater environments.
4.2 Dispersant use is primarily a spill control method, not a
1.6 In making dispersant use decisions, appropriate govern-
cleanup method. Such use can give spill response personnel
ment authorities should be consulted as required by law.
some control over where the impacts of a spill will occur
whatever types of impacts they may be. Since some environ-
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ments are known to be more vulnerable to the longer-lasting
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
impacts of spilled oil, an acceptable trade-off may be to protect
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
those environments by dispersing an oil slick in a less sensitive
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
or less productive environment. In general, the net environ-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
mental benefit of dispersant use versus non-use should be
evaluated (see Guide F2532). The net environmental benefit of
a particular countermeasure involves evaluating benefits and
disadvantages of the particular technology being evaluated,
versus other cleanup methods or no action, on the habitat or
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous
Substances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
F20.13 on Treatment. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published November 2007. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F2205 – 02 (2007). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/F2205-07. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2205 − 07
ecosystems involved in the area. Environmental benefit analy- 5.3.1 Coral reefs are circumglobal in the
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:F2205–02 (Reapproved 2007) Designation:F2205–07
Standard Guide for
Ecological Considerations for the Use of Chemical
1
Dispersants in Oil Spill Response: Tropical Environments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2205; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers recommendations for use of chemical dispersants to assist in the control of oil spills and is written with
the goal of minimizing the environmental impacts of oil spills.Aesthetic and socioeconomic factors are not considered; although,
these and other factors are often important in spill response.
1.2 Each on-scene commander has available several means of control or cleanup of spilled oil. In this guide, use of chemical
dispersants should not be considered as a last resort after other methods have failed. Chemical dispersants should be given equal
consideration with other spill countermeasures.
1.3 Thisguidepresentsgeneralguidelinesonly.Theoilisassumedtobedispersibleandthedispersanttobeeffective,available,
applied correctly, and in compliance with relevant government regulations. Oil, as used in this guide, includes crude oils and fuel
oils. Differences between individual dispersants and to a certain degree, differences between different oils are not considered.
1.4 This guide is one of several related to dispersant considerations in different environments. The other standards are listed in
Section 2.
1.5 This guide applies to marine and estuarine environments but not to freshwater environments.
1.6 In making dispersant use decisions, appropriate government authorities should be consulted as required by law.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous Substances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F20.13
on Treatment.
Current edition approved AprilNov. 1, 2007. Published MayNovember 2007. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 20022007 asF2205–02
(2007).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2205–07
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F1209Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Use of Oilspill Dispersants in Freshwater and Other Inland Environments,
Ponds and Sloughs
F1210Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Use of Oilspill Dispersants in Freshwater and Other Inland Environments,
Lakes and Large Water Bodies
F1231Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Use of Oilspill Dispersants in Freshwater and Other Inland Environments,
Rivers and Creeks
F1279Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Use of Oilspill Dispersants in Freshwater and Other Inland Environments,
Permeable Surfaces
F1280Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Use of Oilspill Dispersants in Freshwater and Other Inland Environments,
2
Impermeable Surfaces ASTM Standards:
F 2532 Guide for Determining Net Environmental Benefit of Dispersant Use
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This guide is meant to aid local and regional spill response teams who may apply it during response planning and spill
events.
3.2 Thisguidepresentsdataontheeffectsofsurfaceoil,dissolvedoilanddispersedoiloncomponentsoftropicalenvironments.
These data can aid in decision-making related to the use of dispersants to minimize environmental damage from oil spills.
4. General Considerations for Making Dispersant-Use Decisions
4.1 The decision of whether to use or not to use dispersants in a given spill situation involves trade-offs. Dispersing a slick at
one site temporarily introduces more oil into the water column at that site than would be there if a surface slick floated over it.
Therefore,adverseeffectsonwatercolumnorganismsmaybeincreasedatthatsitesothatadverseeffectscanbedecreasedatother
sites.
4.2 Dispersant use is primarily a spill control method, not a cleanup method. Such use can give spill response personnel some
control over where the impacts
...
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