ASTM F2204/F2204M-22
(Guide)Standard Guide for Describing Shoreline and Inland Response Techniques
Standard Guide for Describing Shoreline and Inland Response Techniques
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Once the extent and type of oiling has been defined and documented using proper procedures (see Guides F1686 and F1687), decisions are made on the appropriate course of action for site cleaning and restoration. In some cases, natural recovery (accompanied by monitoring) can be the preferred approach whereas in other cases, active response may be preferred and appropriate. This guide summarizes the principal response techniques available for shoreline, wetland, and terrain habitats.
4.2 This guide is intended to minimize the potential for added impact to the environment from use of response techniques in an overly-aggressive manner or in unsuitable conditions or habitats.
4.3 In Section 5, typical considerations, which can limit the applicability of a given technique are addressed in Constraints. An example that is applicable to all techniques other than natural recovery, is special permission will likely be needed for any response operations at sites with known culturally or historically important resources. Also, in Section 5, a synopsis of main trade-offs from use of a particular technique is provided in Environmental Effects.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes methods to clean and remediate stranded oil on marine and lake shorelines, on river banks and other inland water body shorelines, and terrestrial habitats. The primary goal of any countermeasure is to aid recovery while minimizing additional impact.
1.2 This guide describes 22 different tactics that are available for consideration. These options range from natural recovery to active physical or biochemical intervention.
1.3 The tactics listed might not be appropriate under all possible circumstances, and multiple countermeasures could be appropriate on the same shoreline, river bank, lake shore or terrestrial habitat.
1.4 This guide describes technical considerations for selecting appropriate response countermeasures or techniques.
1.5 Selection of specific countermeasures for use during a spill response is guided by properties of the oil, degree of oiling, site accessibility, geomorphology, substrate and vegetation type, mobility of available equipment, hydrologic (coastal and inland) and meteorological conditions, and the presence of sensitive natural and archeological resources. It is advisable to consult with appropriate regulatory authorities since certain response options may require government authorization or approval, or both.
1.6 This guide does not address response to submerged, sunken or buried oil.
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents: therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F2204/F2204M − 22
Standard Guide for
1
Describing Shoreline and Inland Response Techniques
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF2204/F2204M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This guide describes methods to clean and remediate
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
stranded oil on marine and lake shorelines, on river banks and
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
other inland water body shorelines, and terrestrial habitats.The
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
primary goal of any countermeasure is to aid recovery while
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
minimizing additional impact.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.2 This guide describes 22 different tactics that are avail-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
able for consideration. These options range from natural
recovery to active physical or biochemical intervention. 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.3 The tactics listed might not be appropriate under all
2.1 ASTM Standards:
possiblecircumstances,andmultiplecountermeasurescouldbe F1686 Guide for Surveys to Document and Assess Oiling
appropriate on the same shoreline, river bank, lake shore or
Conditions
terrestrial habitat. F1687 Guide for Terminology and Indices to Describe Oil-
ing Conditions on Shorelines
1.4 This guide describes technical considerations for select-
F1872 Guide for Use of Chemical Shoreline Cleaning
ing appropriate response countermeasures or techniques.
Agents: Environmental and Operational Considerations
1.5 Selection of specific countermeasures for use during a
F2205 Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Use of
spill response is guided by properties of the oil, degree of
Chemical Dispersants in Oil Spill Response: Tropical
oiling, site accessibility, geomorphology, substrate and vegeta-
Environments
tion type, mobility of available equipment, hydrologic (coastal
F2532 Guide for Determining Net Environmental Benefit of
and inland) and meteorological conditions, and the presence of
Dispersant Use
sensitive natural and archeological resources. It is advisable to
consult with appropriate regulatory authorities since certain
3. Key Terms
response options may require government authorization or
3.1 Shoreline and Inland Habitats—For the purpose of this
approval, or both.
guide, marine and estuarine shorelines, river banks, and lake
1.6 This guide does not address response to submerged,
shores will be collectively referred to as shorelines, shores, or
sunken or buried oil.
shore-zones. Shore types include a range of impermeable
(bedrock, ice, and man-made structures), permeable (flats,
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
beaches, and man-made), and coastal wetland (marshes,
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
mangroves,) habitats. Other non-shoreline, inland habitats
each system may not be exact equivalents: therefore, each
include wetlands (pond, fen, bog, swamp, tundra, and shrub)
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
and drier terrains (grassland, desert, forests), and will be
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
collectively referred to as either wetlands or terrains, respec-
with the standard.
tively.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2 Mixed Sediment Substrates—These are described based
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
on the size of the inorganic sediments (Guide F1687). The
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
penetration and retention of oil is largely controlled by sedi-
ment size. Only light oils (for example, a diesel) can penetrate
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous
Substances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
F20.17 on Shoreline and Inland Countermeasures. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2022. Published October 2022. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as F2204 – 16. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2204/F2204M − 16 F2204/F2204M − 22
Standard Guide for
1
Describing Shoreline and Inland Response Techniques
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2204/F2204M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide describes methods to clean and remediate stranded oil on marine and lake shorelines, on river banks and other
inland water body shorelines, and terrestrial habitats. The primary goal of any countermeasure is to aid recovery while minimizing
additional impact.
1.2 This guide describes 22 different tactics that are available for consideration. These options range from natural recovery to
active physical or biochemical intervention.
1.3 The tactics listed might not be appropriate under all possible circumstances, and multiple countermeasures could be
appropriate on the same shoreline, river bank, lake shore or terrestrial habitat.
1.4 This guide describes technical considerations for selecting appropriate response countermeasures or techniques.
1.5 Selection of specific countermeasures for use during a spill response is guided by properties of the oil, degree of oiling, site
accessibility, geomorphology, substrate and vegetation type, mobility of available equipment, hydrologic (coastal and inland) and
meteorological conditions, and the presence of sensitive natural and archeological resources. It is advisable to consult with
appropriate regulatory authorities since certain response options may require government authorization or approval, or both.
1.6 This guide does not address response to submerged, sunken or buried oil.
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents: therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous Substances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F20.17
on Shoreline and Inland Countermeasures.
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2016Sept. 1, 2022. Published March 2016October 2022. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 20092016 as
F2204 – 09.F2204 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/F2204-16.10.1520/F2204-22.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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F2204/F2204M − 22
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F1686 Guide for Surveys to Document and Assess Oiling Conditions
F1687 Guide for Terminology and Indices to Describe Oiling Conditions on Shorelines and Other Terrain
F1872 Guide for Use of Chemical Shoreline Cleaning Agents: Environmental and Operational Considerations
F2205 Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Use of Chemical Dispersants in Oil Spill Response: Tropical Environments
F2532 Guide for Determining Net Environmental Benefit of Dispersant Use
3. Key Terms
3.1 Shoreline and Inland Habitats—For the purpose of this guide, marine and estuarine shorelines, river banks, and lake shores
will be collectively referred to as shorelines, shores, or shore-zones. Shore types include a range of impermeable (bedrock, ice,
and man-made structures), permeable (flats, beaches, and man-made), and coastal wetland (marshes, mangroves,) habitats. Other
non-shoreline, inland habitats include wetlands (pond, fen, bog, swamp, tundra, and shrub) and drier terrains (grassland, desert,
forests), and will be collectively referred to as either wetlands or terrains, respec
...
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