ASTM D3437-15(2022)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Sampling and Handling Liquid Cyclic Products
Standard Practice for Sampling and Handling Liquid Cyclic Products
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This practice is issued to provide information useful in establishing sampling and handling procedures. It is expected that this information will only be utilized in conjunction with an existing health and safety program and consultation with the appropriate SDS. The information provided herein cannot be used as a substitute for expert safety and medical advice, but rather as a supplement to such advice.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling and handling several liquid cyclic products. These specifically cover liquids at ambient temperature and include benzene, toluene, xylenes, cyclohexane, styrene, pyridine, ethylbenzene, isopropylbenzene, and alpha-methylstyrene in a manner which represents and preserves product quality.
1.2 Any person sampling or handling these products should consult the applicable Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for specific first aid instructions and information on the proper equipment to have available for use in the event of personal contact or exposure.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Sections 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 and an appropriate SDS.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D3437 − 15 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Practice for
Sampling and Handling Liquid Cyclic Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3437; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D850 Test Method for Distillation of Industrial Aromatic
Hydrocarbons and Related Materials
1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling and han-
D3505 Test Method for Density or Relative Density of Pure
dling several liquid cyclic products. These specifically cover
Liquid Chemicals
liquids at ambient temperature and include benzene, toluene,
E300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
xylenes, cyclohexane, styrene, pyridine, ethylbenzene,
2.2 American National Standards Institute Standard:
isopropylbenzene, and alpha-methylstyrene in a manner which
Z 288.1 Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code
represents and preserves product quality.
2.3 API Document:
1.2 Any person sampling or handling these products should
RP-500A Classification of Locations for Electrical Installa-
consulttheapplicableSafetyDataSheet(SDS)forspecificfirst
tions in Petroleum Refineries
aid instructions and information on the proper equipment to
2.4 Other Documents:
have available for use in the event of personal contact or
OSHA Regulations, 29 CFR paragraphs 1910.1000 and
exposure.
1910.2000
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
OSHA Benzene Standard, 29 CFR 1910.1028
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
U.S. DOT Regulations, 49 CFR Transportation Subchapter
standard.
C, Parts 171-180
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the DOT/USCG 46 CFR Subchapter O, Part 171
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1 This practice is issued to provide information useful in
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
establishing sampling and handling procedures. It is expected
Forspecifichazardstatements,seeSections3,4,5,6and7and
that this information will only be utilized in conjunction with
an appropriate SDS.
anexistinghealthandsafetyprogramandconsultationwiththe
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
appropriate SDS. The information provided herein cannot be
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
used as a substitute for expert safety and medical advice, but
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
rather as a supplement to such advice.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical 4. Description of Products (See Table 1)
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.1 These liquids are marketed in different grades of purity
so the physical properties may vary slightly.
2. Referenced Documents
4.2 The products listed in Table 1 are classified by the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Department of Transportation as flammable liquids, and con-
D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
tainers must bear flammable liquid labels.Trucks and tank cars
must have flammable liquid placards.
4.2.1 These products are ordinarily transported in steel
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 on Aromatic,
drums, tank cars, tank trucks, barges and ships.
Industrial, Specialty and Related Chemicals and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D16.08 on Handling and Sampling Aromatic and Cyclic Hydrocar-
bons.
Current edition approved July 1, 2022. Published July 2022. Originally approved Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D3437 – 15. DOI: 10.1520/ 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
D3437-15R22. Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW,
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Washington, DC 20005-4070, http://www.api.org.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
the ASTM website. www.ecfr.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3437 − 15 (2022)
TABLE 1 Typical Physical Properties
Reid Vapor
Explosion
C B
Boiling Solidification Pressure Relative Odor Explosion Autoignition
Flash Point Limit
A B B D B B B
Point, Point, Closed Cup, Characteristics, Density, Threshold, Lower Limit Temperature
Product °C °C °C kPa 15.56/15.56 °C mg/kg (volume %) Higher °C
Benzene 80 5.5 −11 22.20 0.88 4.7 1.3 7.9 592
Cyclohexane 80 6.6 −17 22.75 0.78 2.5 1.3 8.4 270
Ethylbenzene 136 −95 15 2.76 0.87 140 1.0 6.7 460
Isopropylbenzene 152 −96 46 3.45 0.87 1.2 0.9 6.5 425
Pyridine 115 −42 20 5.31 0.99 0.02 1.8 12.4 482
Styrene 145 −30 31 1.86 0.91 0.15 1.1 6.1 490
Toluene 110 −95 4 7.58 0.87 0.17 1.3 7.0 536
Xylene (mixed) 137 to 144 −65 27 2.76 0.87 0.05 1.0 7.0 525
o−Xylene 144 −25 17 1.93 0.88 0.05 1.1 7.0 465
p−Xylene 138 13 27 2.34 0.87 0.05 1.1 6.6 466
alpha-Methyl Styrene 165 −23 45 1.59 0.91 <10 1.9 6.1 574
A
See Test Method D850.
B
Weiss, G., Hazardous Chemicals Data Book, Second Edition, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1986.
C
See Test Method D56.
D
See Test Method D3505.
4.2.2 While these products are dangerous when handled 7.2 Be sure that the storage tank is safely vented before
improperly, their unloading need not be hazardous providing connecting the unloading line.
thehazardsarerecognizedandhandlinginstructionsarerigidly
7.3 Take extreme care to prevent spills and leaks. In case
observed.
material is spilled, wash contaminated areas thoroughly with
4.3 Products shipped by air must be packaged to meet IATA
large quantities of water and collect the liquid in the plant
and ICAO requirements.
chemical waste system.All spill-related activities should com-
ply with applicable EPA, OSHA and local regulations and
5. Hazards
laws.
5.1 Health—Consult current OSHA regulations, supplier’s
7.4 Because of the flammability of vapors, do not permit
Safety Data Sheet, and local regulations for all materials used
sparksoropenflamesinthevicinityofbarges,ships,tankcars,
in this practice.
tank trucks, drums, or storage tanks. All electrical equipment
5.2 Fire: and wiring shall be of a type specified by and shall be installed
in accordance with the National Electrical Code after deter-
5.2.1 All of these liquids introduce a potential fire hazard
mining whether or not the operation is carried out in a
where they are stored, handled, or used.
5.2.2 Vapors of all of these materials can form explosive classified or unclassified area for electrical installations. Elec-
trically bond tank cars, tank trucks, and drums by an approved
mixtures with air.
5.2.3 Foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemical, or water fog can method. Smoking is absolutely prohibited.
be used in fighting fires of these products. Special alcohol-type
NOTE 1—See API RP-500A and ANSI Z 288.1, Chapters VI and VIII,
foam is required to effectively extinguish a fire involving
on electric installations.
pyridine.
7.5 Do not permit personnel to enter an empty storage
vessel, barge, ship, tank car, or tank truck until it has been
6. Protection Equipment
thoroughly washed out with warm water, followed by a
6.1 Employees who work with the chemicals listed in
thorough steaming, and the tank atmosphere analyzed for
Table 1 should be trained and should maintain safe working
oxygen as well as flammables. Entry should not be made
conditions. Persons working with these chemicals require eye,
without respiratory protection if the vapor space is not in
face, body protection, and, for benzene, various types of
compliance with OSHA TWA values. SUPERVISOR’S AP-
respiratory protection that is dictated by the amount of expo-
PROVAL FOR ENTRY IS REQUIRED IN EVERY CASE.
sure. Consult the appropriate SDS for more specific recom-
7.6 Employees handling benzene must be trained annually
mendations.
to meet the requirements of OSHABenzene Standard (29 CFR
6.2 Personal protective equipment is not an adequate sub-
1910.1028) and wear the respiratory protection listed.
stitute for good safe working conditions, proper ventilation,
7.7 Employees shall:
and intelligent conduct. Correct usage of protection equipment
requires education in proper use. 7.7.1 Know the hazards connected with the handling of
specific products;
7. Safety Precautions
7.7.2 Be completely acquainted with the purpose, use, and
maintenance of personal protective equipment;
7.1 Unloading, loading and sampling operations must be
conducted by carefully instructed employees and only when 7.7.3 Be trained to report promptly to supervision all
adequate lighting is provided. suspected leaks or equipment failures;
D3437 − 15 (2022)
7.7.4 Be trained to recognize and report any symptoms of to which is attached a light metal chain. Lower the bottle to
systemicpoisoningorskincontact;bethoroughlytrainedinthe near the bottom of the tank and pull out the stopper with a
proper procedures for administering first aid and for obtaining sharp jerk of the chain. Raise it at such a rate that it is about
professional medical help; three fourths full when it emerges from the liquid. Stopper the
bottle before attempting to rinse the material from the outside.
7.7.5 Know and routinely practice the accepted methods of
samplingandhandlingthesematerialsinordertoavoidspilling Label the sample bottle according to OSHA Regulations.
8.2.2 Label the sample container to indicate, as a minimum,
or splashing, leaks, skin contact, vapor or mist inhalation, or
ingestion; the date and time, source of the sample, type of material,
quantity, hazards, purpose of the sample and the name of the
7.7.6 Becompletelyfamiliarwiththelocationandoperation
of safety showers, eye baths, hose lines, and all other first aid samples.
8.2.3 Emphasis should be placed on cleanliness and dry-
equipment; and
ness. Both the sample bottle and its holder must be CLEAN
7.7.7 Know the importance of personal cleanliness and the
AND DRY.Transfer the sample to another bottle for storage.A
necessityforimmediateremovalofclothingcontaminatedwith
suitablebottleforstoringthesampleisoneknownasa“Boston
these products.
Round.”Theclosureshouldbeascrewcapwithpoly-sealoran
aluminum foil liner.
8. Unloading and Sampling of Tank Cars
8.2.4 If new bottles are used, first rinse them thoroughly
8.1 Unloading:
with acetone or methanol and then dry in an explosive-proof
8.1.1 Because of the flammable properties of these
hot-air oven. Hold in a desiccator while cooling to ambient
materials, the unloading of tank cars containing chemicals is a
temperature.Protectthemfromdirtormoisturebyenclosurein
hazardous operation. Carefully read and follow all shipper’s
a polyethylene bag. Rinse used bottles very thoroughly with
instructions and all caution markings on both sides of the tank
water, detergents, and solvents and then treat as new bottles.
and dome.
NOTE 3—Brown bottles are recommended for sampling and storing
8.1.2 Before removing the manhole cover or outlet valve
photo-sensitive products.
cap, relieve the tank car of all internal pressure by venting the
8.3 Return Precautions:
tank. This can be accomplished by raising the safety valve, or
8.3.1 As soon as the tank car is completely unloaded, close
opening the vent on the dome at short intervals. If venting to
all valves tightly, remove the unloading connections, and make
relieve pressure will cause a dangerous amount of vapor to
all other closures tight, except the heater coil and steam
escape, defer venting and unloading until the pressure is
connections. Observe DOTregulations concerning return plac-
reduced by allowing the car to stand overnight or otherwise
arding.
cooling the contents.
8.1.3 Use bonding facilities for protection against static
9. Unloading and Sampling of Tank Trucks
sparks during the unloading of tank cars through open domes.
9.1 Unloading:
This shall consist of a bond wire permanently electrically
9.1.1 Because of the flammable properties of these
connectedtotheunloadingpipeorsomepartofthestructurein
materials, the unloading of tank trucks containing them is a
electrical contact with the unloading pipe. Provide the free end
hazardous operation. Follow the DOT regulations, shipper’s
of such wire with a clamp or equivalent device for convenient
instructions and all caution markings.
attachment to some metallic part of the tank car. Such bonding
9.1.2 Stop the engine before unloading a truck, and do not
connection shall be made fast to the tank car before dome
start it again during the entire unloading operation unless it is
covers are raised and shall remain in place until unloading is
necessary to operate the pump by power take-off. Set truck
complete and all dome covers closed and secure. This bond
brakes and block the wheels.
wire is not required when the unloading pipe is all metal and
9.1.3 Before making any connection or contact between the
the unloading pipe is electrically bonded to the rail tracks.
tank truck and the unloading line or other unloading
NOTE 2—See ANSI Z 288.1, Chapter VI.
equipment, electrically bond the tank truck in a manner similar
8.1.4 Tank cars can be unloaded through the dome connec-
to that for tank cars as described in 8.1.3.
tion or through the bottom outlet. Never use air pressure for
9.1.4 Tank trucks can be either top or bottom unloaded in
this purpose. Use of a pump or nitrogen pressure are the
the same manner as for tank cars as described in 8.1.4.
recommended methods. If the car does not have an eduction
9.1.5 Air pressure is not permissible for unloading tank
pipe, insert one and remove the contents by pumping. If it is
trucks of these materials. Nitrogen pressure is permissible for
necessary to leave the car unattended after unloading has been
this purpose.
started, disconnect all unloading connections. First close all
9.2 Sampling:
valves tightly and apply the closures to all other openings
9.2.1 Sampleatanktruckinthesamewayastankcars,with
securely.
the same rigid adherence to the precauti
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.