ASTM D56-16
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Flash point measures the tendency of the specimen to form a flammable mixture with air under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties that shall be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a material.
5.2 Flash point is used in shipping and safety regulations to define flammable and combustible materials. One should consult the particular regulation involved for precise definitions of these classes.
5.3 Flash point can indicate the possible presence of highly volatile and flammable materials in a relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable material. For example, an abnormally low flash point on a sample of kerosene can indicate gasoline contamination.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flash point, by tag manual and automated closed testers, of liquids with a viscosity below 5.5 mm2/s (cSt) at 40 °C (104 °F), or below 9.5 mm2/s (cSt) at 25 °C (77 °F), and a flash point below 93 °C (200 °F).
1.1.1 For the closed-cup flash point of liquids with the following properties: a viscosity of 5.5 mm2/s (cSt) or more at 40 °C (104 °F); a viscosity of 9.5 mm2/s (cSt) or more at 25 °C (77 °F); a flash point of 93 °C (200 °F) or higher; a tendency to form a surface film under test conditions; or containing suspended solids, Test Method D93 can be used.
1.1.2 For cut-back asphalts refer to Test Methods D1310 and D3143.
Note 1: The U.S. Department of Transportation (RSTA)2 and U.S. Department of Labor (OSHA) have established that liquids with a flash point under 37.8 °C (100 °F) are flammable as determined by this test method for those liquids that have a viscosity less than 5.5 mm2/s (cSt) at 40 °C (104 °F) or 9.5 mm2/s (cSt) or less at 25 °C (77 °F), or do not contain suspended solids or do not have a tendency to form a surface film while under test. Other flash point classifications have been established by these departments for liquids using this test method.
1.2 This test method can be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and cannot be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test method can be used as elements of fire risk assessment that takes into account all of the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.
1.3 Related standards are Test Methods D93, D1310, D3828, D3278, and D3941.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements see 8.2, 8.3, 9.5, 12.5, and refer to Material Safety Data Sheets.
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Designation: D56 − 16
StandardTest Method for
1
Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD56;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
To ensure an acceptable precision, this dynamic flash point test method employs a prescribed rate
of temperature rise for the material under test. The rate of heating may not in all cases give the
precision quoted in the test method because of the low thermal conductivity of certain materials. To
improve the prediction of flammability, Test Method D3941, which utilizes a slower heating rate, was
developed. Test Method D3941 provides conditions closer to equilibrium where the vapor above the
liquid and the liquid are at about the same temperature. If a specification requires Test Method D56,
do not change to Test Method D3941 or other test method without permission from the specifier.
Flash point values are a function of the apparatus design, the condition of the apparatus used, and
the operational procedure carried out. Flash point can therefore only be defined in terms of a standard
test method, and no general valid correlation can be guaranteed between results obtained by different
test methods, or with test apparatus different from that specified.
2
method for those liquids that have a viscosity less than 5.5 mm /s (cSt) at
1. Scope*
2
40 °C (104 °F) or 9.5 mm /s (cSt) or less at 25 °C (77 °F), or do not
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flash
contain suspended solids or do not have a tendency to form a surface film
point, by tag manual and automated closed testers, of liquids while under test. Other flash point classifications have been established by
2
these departments for liquids using this test method.
with a viscosity below 5.5 mm /s (cSt) at 40 °C (104 °F), or
2
below9.5 mm /s(cSt)at25 °C(77 °F),andaflashpointbelow
1.2 This test method can be used to measure and describe
93 °C (200 °F).
the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response
1.1.1 For the closed-cup flash point of liquids with the
to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and
2
following properties: a viscosity of 5.5 mm /s (cSt) or more at
cannot be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire
2
40 °C (104 °F); a viscosity of 9.5 mm /s (cSt) or more at 25 °C
risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire
(77 °F);aflashpointof93 °C(200 °F)orhigher;atendencyto
conditions. However, results of this test method can be used as
form a surface film under test conditions; or containing
elements of fire risk assessment that takes into account all of
suspended solids, Test Method D93 can be used.
the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard
1.1.2 For cut-back asphalts refer to Test Methods D1310
of a particular end use.
and D3143.
1.3 Related standards are Test Methods D93, D1310,
2
NOTE 1—The U.S. Department of Transportation (RSTA) and U.S.
D3828, D3278, and D3941.
Department of Labor (OSHA) have established that liquids with a flash
point under 37.8 °C (100 °F) are flammable as determined by this test
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.08 on Volatility.
regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause
Current edition approved June 1, 2016. Published June 2016. Originally
central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or
approvedin1918.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2010asD56 – 05(2010).DOI:
its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to
10.1520/D0056-16.
2
materials.Cautionshouldbetakenwhenhandlingmercuryand
ForinformationonUnitedStatesDepartmentofTransportationregulations,see
Codes of United States Regulation 49 CFR Chapter 1 and for information on United
mercury containing products. See the applicable product Ma-
States Department of Labor regulations, see Code of United States Regulation 29
terial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s
CFR Chapter XVII. Each of these items are revised annually and may be procured
website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for addi-
from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington,
DC 20402. tional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end o
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D56 − 05 (Reapproved 2010) D56 − 16
Standard Test Method for
1
Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D56; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
To ensure an acceptable precision, this dynamic flash point test method employs a prescribed rate
of temperature rise for the material under test. The rate of heating may not in all cases give the
precision quoted in the test method because of the low thermal conductivity of certain materials. To
improve the prediction of flammability, Test Method D3941, which utilizes a slower heating rate, was
developed. Test Method D3941 provides conditions closer to equilibrium where the vapor above the
liquid and the liquid are at about the same temperature. If a specification requires Test Method D56,
do not change to Test Method D3941 or other test method without permission from the specifier.
Flash point values are a function of the apparatus design, the condition of the apparatus used, and
the operational procedure carried out. Flash point can therefore only be defined in terms of a standard
test method, and no general valid correlation can be guaranteed between results obtained by different
test methods, or with test apparatus different from that specified.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flash point, by tag manual and automated closed testers, of liquids with
2 2
a viscosity below 5.5 mm5.5 mm /s (cSt) at 40°C (104°F),40 °C (104 °F), or below 9.5 mm9.5 mm /s (cSt) at 25°C (77°F),25 °C
(77 °F), and a flash point below 93°C (200°F).93 °C (200 °F).
2
1.1.1 For the closed-cup flash point of liquids with the following properties: a viscosity of 5.5 mm5.5 mm /s (cSt) or more at
2
40°C (104°F);40 °C (104 °F); a viscosity of 9.5 mm9.5 mm /s (cSt) or more at 25°C (77°F);25 °C (77 °F); a flash point of 93°C
(200°F)93 °C (200 °F) or higher; a tendency to form a surface film under test conditions; or containing suspended solids, Test
Method D93 can be used.
1.1.2 For cut-back asphalts refer to Test Methods D1310 and D3143.
2
NOTE 1—The U.S. Department of Transportation (RSTA) and U.S. Department of Labor (OSHA) have established that liquids with a flash point under
2
37.8°C (100°F)37.8 °C (100 °F) are flammable as determined by this test method for those liquids that have a viscosity less than 5.5 mm5.5 mm /s (cSt)
2
at 40°C (104°F) or 9.5 mm40 °C (104 °F) or 9.5 mm /s (cSt) or less at 25°C (77°F),25 °C (77 °F), or do not contain suspended solids or do not have
a tendency to form a surface film while under test. Other flash point classifications have been established by these departments for liquids using this test
method.
1.2 This test method can be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat
and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and cannot be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials,
products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test method can be used as elements of fire risk
assessment that takes into account all of the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.
1.3 Related standards are Test Methods D93, D1310, D3828, D3278, and D3941.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.08 on Volatility.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010June 1, 2016. Published November 2010June 2016. Originally approved in 1918. Last previous edition approved in 20052010 as
D56D56 – 05 (2010).–05. DOI: 10.1520/D0056-05R10.10.1520/D0056-16.
2
For information on United States Department of Transportation regulations, see Codes of United States Regulation 49 CFR Chapter 1 and for information on United States
Department of Labor regulations, see Code of United States Regulation 29 CFR Chapter XVII. Each of these items are revised annually and may be procured from the
Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing
...
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