ASTM D7470-21

Standard Practice for Evaluating Elevated Temperature Performance of End-Jointed Lumber Studs

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 End-jointed lumber studs used in fire resistance-rated assemblies shall be able to support the superimposed design load for the specified time under an elevated temperature exposure, when a wall assembly is exposed to a standard fire specified in Test Methods E119. Light-weight wood assemblies utilize gypsum wallboard or other types of membrane protection to accomplish a requisite fire resistance rating for the assembly. However, wood studs and the end joints in the studs shall resist the developed elevated temperature environment for the duration of the rating. This practice provides a method for evaluating the elevated temperature performance of an assembly constructed with end-jointed studs having fire performance comparable to an assembly constructed with solid-sawn studs.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is to be used to evaluate the elevated temperature performance of end-jointed lumber studs.  
1.2 A symmetric wall assembly containing end-jointed lumber studs is exposed to a standard fire exposure specified in Test Methods E119.  
1.3 End-jointed lumber studs are deemed qualified if the wall assembly resists a standard fire exposure specified in Test Methods E119 for a period of 60 min or more. Qualification of end-jointed lumber studs are restricted to the joint configuration and adhesive tested.  
1.4 This practice is used to evaluate the performance of end-jointed lumber studs to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment under actual fire conditions.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 14-Jul-2021
• ICS: 91.080.20 - Timber structures
• Technical Committee: D07 - Wood
• Drafting Committee: D07.02 - Lumber and Engineered Wood Products

Relations

• Refers: ASTM E119-19 - Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2019
• Refers: ASTM E119-18ce1 - Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2018
• Refers: ASTM E119-18c - Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2018
• Refers: ASTM F1667-18 - Standard Specification for Driven Fasteners: Nails, Spikes, and Staples
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2018
• Refers: ASTM E119-18b - Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2018
• Refers: ASTM E119-18a - Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2018
• Refers: ASTM E119-18 - Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2018
• Refers: ASTM F1667-17 - Standard Specification for Driven Fasteners: Nails, Spikes, and Staples
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2017
• Refers: ASTM E119-16a - Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2016
• Refers: ASTM E119-16 - Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2016
• Refers: ASTM F1667-15 - Standard Specification for Driven Fasteners: Nails, Spikes, and Staples
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2015
• Refers: ASTM E119-15 - Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2015
• Refers: ASTM E119-14 - Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2014
• Refers: ASTM C1396/C1396M-14a - Standard Specification for Gypsum Board
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2014
• Refers: ASTM C1396/C1396M-14 - Standard Specification for Gypsum Board
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2014

Overview

ASTM D7470-21: Standard Practice for Evaluating Elevated Temperature Performance of End-Jointed Lumber Studs provides a standardized methodology for assessing the fire resistance performance of wall assemblies constructed using end-jointed lumber studs. Developed by ASTM International, this practice is essential for ensuring that engineered wood members, specifically end-jointed studs, perform comparably to traditional solid-sawn studs when exposed to elevated temperatures, as encountered in fire resistance-rated building assemblies. The standard references fire exposure as defined in ASTM E119 and supports regulatory and safety compliance in modern wood-frame construction.

Key Topics

Elevated Temperature Performance

• Establishes evaluation criteria for end-jointed lumber studs when subjected to fire conditions comparable to standard fire tests (ASTM E119).
• Focuses on the ability of the wall assembly to support design loads under elevated temperature over a defined time period (minimum of 60 minutes).
• Highlights the importance of joint configuration and adhesive selection, restricting qualification to tested combinations.

Wall Assembly Construction

• Specifies requirements for wall assembly using end-jointed lumber, including stud size, placement, moisture content, and fastener details.
• Requires use of gypsum wallboard, mineral wool insulation, and standard framing practices to mirror actual construction conditions in fire resistance testing.

Test and Qualification Procedures

• Outlines procedures for load calculation and assembly construction.
• Wall assemblies must sustain load during fire exposure for at least 60 minutes to meet qualification.
• Includes detailed reporting requirements, such as wall dimensions, material description, joint and adhesive details, load, and fire endurance results.

Limitations

• The standard is intended for controlled fire test conditions and does not encompass all real-world fire scenarios or comprehensive fire risk assessment.
• Users are responsible for adhering to safety and regulatory requirements during test implementation.

Applications

ASTM D7470-21 is highly relevant in the following scenarios:

• Building Design and Approval: Used by architects, engineers, and regulatory experts to demonstrate the fire resistance of innovative, resource-efficient, end-jointed lumber studs in residential and commercial construction.
• Product Development and Quality Assurance: End-jointed lumber manufacturers and grading agencies use the standard to qualify their products for use in fire-resistance-rated assemblies, ensuring performance parity with solid-sawn lumber.
• Building Codes and Compliance: Supports compliance with fire resistance requirements in international and national building codes, providing confidence in the structural integrity of wood framing under elevated temperature exposure.
• Risk Management: Aids building owners, insurers, and safety professionals in evaluating structural fire performance for wood-based wall assemblies, contributing to safer building environments.

Related Standards

Several other standards referenced or closely related to ASTM D7470-21 include:

• ASTM E119: Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials - defines the standard fire exposure referenced in D7470-21.
• ASTM C1396/C1396M: Specification for Gypsum Board - details requirements for wall sheathing.
• ASTM D9: Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Products.
• ASTM D4688: Test Method for Evaluating Structural Adhesives for Finger Jointing Lumber.
• ASTM D6513: Practice for Calculating the Superimposed Load on Wood-frame Walls for Standard Fire-Resistance Tests.
• ASTM F1667: Specification for Driven Fasteners: Nails, Spikes, and Staples.
• ANSI/AWC NDS: National Design Specification for Wood Construction.

Keywords: elevated temperature performance, fire resistance, end-jointed lumber, wood studs, wall assembly, fire testing, ASTM standards, building construction, structural integrity

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7470 − 21
Standard Practice for
Evaluating Elevated Temperature Performance of End-
Jointed Lumber Studs
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7470; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This practice is to be used to evaluate the elevated 2.1 ASTM Standards:
temperature performance of end-jointed lumber studs. C1396/C1396MSpecification for Gypsum Board
D9Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Prod-
1.2 Asymmetricwallassemblycontainingend-jointedlum-
ucts
ber studs is exposed to a standard fire exposure specified in
D4688Test Method for Evaluating StructuralAdhesives for
Test Methods E119.
Finger Jointing Lumber
1.3 End-jointed lumber studs are deemed qualified if the
D6513Practice for Calculating the Superimposed Load on
wall assembly resists a standard fire exposure specified in Test
Wood-frame Walls for Standard Fire-Resistance Tests
Methods E119 for a period of 60 min or more. Qualification of
E119Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction
end-jointed lumber studs are restricted to the joint configura-
and Materials
tion and adhesive tested.
F1667SpecificationforDrivenFasteners:Nails,Spikes,and
1.4 This practice is used to evaluate the performance of Staples
end-jointed lumber studs to heat and flame under controlled
2.2 Other Standards:
conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors
ANSI/AWC NDSNational Design Specification for Wood
required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment under actual fire
Construction
conditions.
3. Terminology
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for 3.1 Definitions:
information only. 3.1.1 For general definitions of terms related to wood, refer
to Terminology D9.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.1 end joint, n—joint formed by adhesive bonding of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
machined, mated surfaces at the ends of two pieces of lumber.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Typical end-joint configurations in-
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
clude finger joints and scarf joints.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2.2 end-jointed lumber, n—lumbercontainingoneormore
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
end joints.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2.3 fingerjoint,n—endjointformedbymultipleinterlock-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
ing tapered profiles (“fingers”).
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1 2
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D07 on Wood and For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.02 on Lumber and Engineered contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Wood Products. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved July 15, 2021. Published August 2021. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D7470 – 08 (2015). Available fromAmerican Wood Council (AWC), 1111 Nineteenth Street, NW,
DOI: 10.1520/D7470-21. Suite 800, Washington, DC 20036, http://www.awc.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7470 − 21
3.2.4 scarf joint, n—end joint formed by a single tapered bly constructed with end-jointed studs having fire performance
profile. comparable to an assembly constructed with solid-sawn studs.
4. Summary of Practice
6. Wall Assembly
4.1 This practice shall be used to evaluate end-jointed
6.1 A load-bearing wall meeting the following assembly
lumber studs manufactured with a specific joint configuration
description shall be used:
and adhesive. This practice is intended to be limited to the
6.1.1 Framing Elements:
evaluation of end-jointed lumber studs with a specific joint
6.1.1.1 Studs—Nine pieces of 2 by 4 (nominal) end-jointed
configuration, adhesive, and limited design properties. The
lumber shall be used for wall studs. Each piece of end-jointed
results are only applicable to end-jointed lumber studs using a
lumbershallbe115.5in.(2934mm)longandhaveatleastone
joint configuration with the same number of fingers and a
end joint within the middle third of the length. Studs shall be
finger length of at least equal length as qualified in 7.1.2 and
symmetricallyplacedwithinthe10ft(3m)longby10ft(3m)
shall have assigned design properties no greater than the grade
high wall assembly with interior studs spaced 16 in. (406 mm)
level qualified in 7.1.2. on center as shown in Fig. 1. The moisture content of the
end-jointedlumbershallbenogreaterthan15%atthetimeof
5. Significance and Use
the fire test.
5.1 End-jointed lumber studs used in fire resistance-rated
NOTE 1—When producing end-jointed lumber for use in this standard
assemblies shall be able to support the superimposed design
practice, consideration should be given to the unique production
load for the specified time under an elevated temperature
conditions, such as wood moisture content, applied spread rate, pressure,
and curing temperature of the adhesive in accordance with the adhesive
exposure, when a wa
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7470 − 08 (Reapproved 2015) D7470 − 21
Standard Practice for
Evaluating Elevated Temperature Performance of End-
Jointed Lumber Studs
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7470; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice is to be used to evaluate the elevated temperature performance of end-jointed lumber studs.
1.2 A symmetric wall assembly containing end-jointed lumber studs is exposed to a standard fire exposure specified in Test
Methods E119.
1.3 End-jointed lumber studs are deemed qualified if the wall assembly resists a standard fire exposure specified in Test Methods
E119 for a period of 60 min or more. Qualification of end-jointed lumber studs are restricted to the joint configuration and adhesive
tested.
1.4 This practice is used to evaluate the performance of end-jointed lumber studs to heat and flame under controlled conditions,
but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment under actual fire conditions.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of
the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Wood and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.02 on Lumber and Engineered Wood
Products.
Current edition approved May 1, 2015July 15, 2021. Published June 2015August 2021. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 20082015 as D7470
– 08. 08 (2015). DOI: 10.1520/D7470-08R15.10.1520/D7470-21.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7470 − 21
C1396/C1396M Specification for Gypsum Board
D9 Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Products
D4688 Test Method for Evaluating Structural Adhesives for Finger Jointing Lumber
D6513 Practice for Calculating the Superimposed Load on Wood-frame Walls for Standard Fire-Resistance Tests
E119 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials
F1667 Specification for Driven Fasteners: Nails, Spikes, and Staples
2.2 Other Standards:
ANSI/AWC NDS National Design Specification for Wood Construction
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For general definitions of terms related to wood, refer to Terminology D9.
3.2 Definitions:Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 end joint, n—joint formed by adhesive bonding of machined, mated surfaces at the ends of two pieces of lumber.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
Typical end-joint configurations include finger joints and scarf joints.
3.2.2 end-jointed lumber—lumber, n—Lumberlumber containing one or more end-joints.end joints.
3.2.3 end-joints—finger joint, n—aend joint formed by bonding two pieces of lumber end-to-end, often by machining a set of
interlocking “fingers” (finger-joint) into each end of adjoining pieces, using an adhesive to form an adhesive bonded joint.multiple
interlocking tapered profiles (“fingers”).
3.2.4 qualified agency—scarf joint, n—an organization, hereafter referred to as the agency, that has trained personnel and
procedures to ensure the grades comply with all applicable requirements of this practice. The agency shall have no financial interest
in, nor shall be financially dependent upon, any single company manufacturing the product being inspected or tested; and shall not
be owned, operated, or controlled by any such company.end joint formed by a single tapered profile.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 This practice shall be used to evaluate end-jointed lumber studs manufactured with a specific joint configuration and adhesive.
This practice is intended to be limited to the evaluation of end-jointed lumber studs with a specific joint configuration, adhesive,
and limited design properties. The results are only applicable to end-jointed lumber studs using a joint configuration with the same
number of fingers and a finger length of at least equal length as qualified in 7.1.2 and shall have assigned design properties no
greater than the grade level qualified in 7.1.2.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 End-jointed lumber studs used in fire resistance-rated assemblies shall be able to support the superimposed design load for the
specified time under an elevated temperature exposure, when a wall assembly is exposed to a standard fire specified in Test
Methods E119. Light-weight wood assemblies utilize gypsum wallboard or other types of membrane protection to accomplish a
requisite fire resistance rating for the assembly. However, wood studs and the end-joints end joints in the studs shall resist the
developed elevated temperature environment for the duration of the rating. This practice provides a method for evaluating the
elevated temperature performance of an assembly constructed with end-jointed studs having fire performance comparable to an
assembly constructed with solid-sawn studs.
6. Wall Assembly
6.1 A load-bearing wall meeting the following assembly description shall be used:
6.1.1 Framing Elements:
Available from American Wood Council (A
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