ASTM D5763-22a
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Oxidation and Thermal Stability Characteristics of Gear Oils Using Universal Glassware
Standard Test Method for Oxidation and Thermal Stability Characteristics of Gear Oils Using Universal Glassware
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Degradation of gear oils by oxidation or thermal breakdown, or both, can result in sludge buildup and render the oil unsuitable for further use as a lubricant.
5.2 This is the only test method that employs glassware to measure the amount of sludge produced during oxidation and thermal degradation. This test method is a modification of Test Method D2893 which measures the viscosity increase and precipitation number of the oil stressed at 95 °C, but does not measure the amount of sludge formed.
5.3 This test method can be used to evaluate the oxidation/thermal stability of gear oils. However, the test results may not correlate with the performance of gear oils in field service.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the oxidation characteristics of extreme pressure and non-extreme pressure gear oils and includes the quantitative determination of total sludge, viscosity change, and oil loss.
Note 1: While the round-robin tests used ISO VG 220 extreme pressure gear oils for developing precision data, the test method can be extended to other viscosity grades and to non-extreme pressure gear oils. Refer to Classification D2422 for viscosity grades.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5763 − 22a
Standard Test Method for
Oxidation and Thermal Stability Characteristics of Gear Oils
1
Using Universal Glassware
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5763; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* Extreme-Pressure Lubrication Oils
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the oxida-
Petroleum Products
tion characteristics of extreme pressure and non-extreme pres-
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
sure gear oils and includes the quantitative determination of
Fuels, and Lubricants
total sludge, viscosity change, and oil loss.
D4871 Guide for Universal Oxidation/Thermal Stability
NOTE 1—While the round-robin tests used ISO VG 220 extreme
Test Apparatus
pressure gear oils for developing precision data, the test method can be
extended to other viscosity grades and to non-extreme pressure gear oils.
3. Terminology
Refer to Classification D2422 for viscosity grades.
3.1 Definitions:
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1.1 See Terminology D4175 for a list of terms relating to
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
petroleum products, liquid fuels, and lubricants.
standard.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.1 adherent sludge, n—sludge that is formed on the walls
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of a container and is not easily removed.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- 3.2.2 aliquot, n—portion of sample being tested that is a
representative portion of the whole.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2.3 extreme pressure gear oil, n—a fluid for the lubrica-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
tion of gears that contains chemical additives, such as sulfur
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
and phosphorus compounds, which produce a protective film
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
on the metal surface to provide enhanced load carrying
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
capability.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.2.4 filterable sludge, n—sludge that is formed in the oil.
2. Referenced Documents 3.2.5 non-extreme pressure gear oil, n—a fluid for the
2 lubrication of gears that contains no chemical additives that
2.1 ASTM Standards:
produce a protective film on the metal surface to provide
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
enhanced load carrying capability.
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
3.2.6 oxidation,n—theprocessbywhichoxygenchemically
ity)
reacts with materials.
D2422 Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Vis-
cosity System
3.2.7 sludge, n—in gear oils, a precipitate that sometimes
D2893 Test Methods for Oxidation Characteristics of
forms as the oil ages or oxidizes that is insoluble in n-heptane.
3.2.8 universal glassware, n—the glassware that is de-
scribed in the universal oxidation thermal stability test. Refer
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
to Guide D4871.
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.09.0D on Oxidation of Lubricants.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2022. Published November 2022. Originally
4. Summary of Test Method
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2022 as D5763 – 22. DOI:
10.1520/D5763-22A.
4.1 The viscosity of the gear oil being tested is determined.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
A 100 g aliquot of the oil in a weighed apparatus is subjected
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
to a temperature of 120 °C for 312 h while dry air is passed
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. through the aliquot at 3 L⁄h.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5763 − 22a
4.2 At the end of the s
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5763 − 22 D5763 − 22a
Standard Test Method for
Oxidation and Thermal Stability Characteristics of Gear Oils
1
Using Universal Glassware
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5763; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the oxidation characteristics of extreme pressure and non-extreme pressure gear
oils and includes the quantitative determination of total sludge, viscosity change, and oil loss.
NOTE 1—While the round-robin tests used ISO VG 220 extreme pressure gear oils for developing precision data, the test method can be extended to other
viscosity grades and to non-extreme pressure gear oils. Refer to Classification D2422 for viscosity grades.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D2422 Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Viscosity System
D2893 Test Methods for Oxidation Characteristics of Extreme-Pressure Lubrication Oils
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D4871 Guide for Universal Oxidation/Thermal Stability Test Apparatus
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 See Terminology D4175 for a list of terms relating to petroleum products, liquid fuels, and lubricants.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.09.0D on Oxidation of Lubricants.
Current edition approved July 1, 2022Nov. 1, 2022. Published July 2022November 2022. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20162022 as
D5763 – 11 (2016).D5763 – 22. DOI: 10.1520/D5763-22.10.1520/D5763-22A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5763 − 22a
3.2.1 adherent sludge, n—sludge that is formed on the walls of a container and is not easily removed.
3.2.2 aliquot, n—portion of sample being tested that is a representative portion of the whole.
3.2.3 extreme pressure gear oil, n—a fluid for the lubrication of gears that contains chemical additives, such as sulfur and
phosphorus compounds, which produce a protective film on the metal surface to provide enhanced load carrying capability.
3.2.4 filterable sludge, n—sludge that is formed in the oil.
3.2.5 non-extreme pressure gear oil, n—a fluid for the lubrication of gears that contains no chemical additives that produce a
protective film on the metal surface to provide enhanced load carrying capability.
3.2.6 oxidation, n—the process by which oxygen chemically reacts with materials.
3.2.7 sludge, n—in gear oils, a precipitate that sometimes forms as the oil ages or oxidizes that is insoluble in n-heptane.
3.2.8 universal glassware, n—the glassware that is described in the universal oxidation thermal stability test. Refer to Guide
D4871.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The viscosity of the gear oil being tested is determined.
...
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