ASTM F2476-13
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for the Determination of Carbon Dioxide Gas Transmission Rate (CO2TR) Through Barrier Materials Using An Infrared Detector
Standard Test Method for the Determination of Carbon Dioxide Gas Transmission Rate (CO<sub>2</sub>TR) Through Barrier Materials Using An Infrared Detector
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Carbon dioxide gas transmission rate (CO2 TR) is an important determinant of the packaging protection afforded by barrier materials. It is not, however, the sole determinant, and additional tests, based on experience, must be used to correlate packaging performance with CO2TR. It is suitable as a referee method of testing, provided that purchaser and seller have agreed on sampling procedures, standardization procedures, test conditions and acceptance criteria.
SCOPE
1.1 This method covers a procedure for determination of the steady-state rate of transmission of carbon dioxide gas through plastics in the form of film, sheeting, laminates, coextrusions, or plastic-coated papers or fabrics. It provides for the determination of (1) carbon dioxide gas transmission rate (CO2TR), (2) the permeance of the film to carbon dioxide gas (P’CO2) , and (3) carbon dioxide permeability coefficient (P”CO2) in the case of homogeneous materials.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: F2476 − 13
Standard Test Method for
the Determination of Carbon Dioxide Gas Transmission Rate
(CO TR) Through Barrier Materials Using An Infrared
2
1
Detector
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2476; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope This quantity should not be used unless the relationship
between thickness and permeance has been verified on tests
1.1 This method covers a procedure for determination of the
using several different thicknesses of the material. The SI unit
steady-state rate of transmission of carbon dioxide gas through
of carbon dioxide permeability is the mol/m·s·Pa. The test
plastics in the form of film, sheeting, laminates, coextrusions,
conditions (see 3.1.3) must be stated.
or plastic-coated papers or fabrics. It provides for the determi-
3.1.2 carbon dioxide permeance (P’CO ) —the ratio of the
nation of (1) carbon dioxide gas transmission rate (CO TR),
2
2
CO TR to the difference between the partial pressure of CO
(2) the permeance of the film to carbon dioxide gas (P’CO),
2 2
2
on the two sides of the film. The SI unit of permeance is the
and (3) carbon dioxide permeability coefficient (P”CO )inthe
2
2
mol/(m ·s·Pa). The test conditions (see 3.1.3) must be stated.
case of homogeneous materials.
3.1.3 carbon dioxide transmission rate (CO TR) —The
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
2
quantity of carbon dioxide gas passing through a unit area of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the parallel surfaces of a plastic film per unit time under the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
conditions of the test. The SI unit of transmission rate is the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
2
mol/(m ·s). The test conditions, including temperature and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
carbon dioxide partial pressure on both sides of the film, must
2. Referenced Documents be stated.
2 3.1.3.1 Discussion—A commonly used metric unit of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
3
CO TR is the cc(STP)/(m ·day) at one atmosphere driving
2
D1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics (Withdrawn 1998)
force pressure differential where: 1 cc(STP) is 44.62 µmol. 1
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
3
atm is 0.1013 MPa. and one day is 86.4 x 10 s. CO TR in SI
2
ASTM Test Methods
units is obtained by multiplying the value in metric units by
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
-10 3
5.164 x 10 or the value in inch-pound units cm (STP) ⁄ (100
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
2 -9
in. · day) by 8.004 x 10 .
3. Terminology
4. Summary of Test Method
3.1 Definitions:
4.1 The carbon dioxide gas transmission rate is determined
3.1.1 carbon dioxide permeability coeffıcient (P”CO )—the
2
after the sample has equilibrated in a dry-test environment. In
product of the permeance and the thickness of film. The
this context, a “dry” environment is considered to be one in
permeability is meaningful only for homogeneous materials, in
which the relative humidity is less than 1 %.
which case it is a property characteristic of the bulk material.
4.2 The specimen is mounted as a sealed semi-barrier
between two chambers at ambient atmospheric pressure. One
1 chamber is slowly purged by a stream of nitrogen and the other
This test method is under jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F02 on Flexible
Barrier Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F02.10 on chamberwithcarbondioxide.Ascarbondioxidegaspermeates
Permeation.
through the film into the nitrogen carrier gas, it is transported
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2013. Published February 2014. Originally
to an infrared detector where an electrical output is produced
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F2476-05. DOI:
whose magnitude is proportional to the amount of CO flowing
10.1520/F2476-13.
2
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
into the detector per unit of time.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
5. Significance and Use
the ASTM website.
3
5.1 Carbon dioxide gas transmission rate (CO TR) is an
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on 2
www.astm.org. important determinant of the packaging protection afforded by
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2476 − 05 F2476 − 13
Standard Test Method for
the Determination of Carbon Dioxide Gas Transmission Rate
(Co(CO TR) Through Barrier Materials Using An Infrared
2
1
Detector
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2476; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This method covers a procedure for determination of the steady-state rate of transmission of carbon dioxide gas through
plastics in the form of film, sheeting, laminates, coextrusions, or plastic-coated papers or fabrics. It provides for the determination
of (1) carbon dioxide gas transmission rate (CO TR), (2) the permeance of the film to carbon dioxide gas (P’CO ) , and (3) carbon
2 2
dioxide permeability coefficient (P”CO ) in the case of homogeneous materials.
2
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
D1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics (Withdrawn 1998)
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Carboncarbon dioxide permeability coeffıcient (P”CO )—the product of the permeance and the thickness of film. The
2
permeability is meaningful only for homogeneous materials, in which case it is a property characteristic of the bulk material. This
quantity should not be used unless the relationship between thickness and permeance has been verified on tests using several
different thicknesses of the material. The SI unit of carbon dioxide permeability is the mol/m·s·Pa. The test conditions (see 3.1.3)
must be stated.
3.1.2 Carboncarbon dioxide permeance (P’CO ) —the ratio of the CO TR to the difference between the partial pressure of CO
2 2 2
2
on the two sides of the film. The SI unit of permeance is the mol/(m ·s·Pa). The test conditions (see 3.1.3) must be stated.
3.1.3 Carboncarbon dioxide transmission rate (CO TR) —The quantity of carbon dioxide gas passing through a unit area of
2
2
the parallel surfaces of a plastic film per unit time under the conditions of the test. The SI unit of transmission rate is the mol/(m ·s).
The test conditions, including temperature and carbon dioxide partial pressure on both sides of the film, must be stated.
1
This test method is under jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F02 on Flexible Barrier Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F02.10 on Permeation.
Current edition approved Jan. 3, 2006Dec. 15, 2013. Published May 2005February 2014. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F2476-05.
DOI: 10.1520/F2476-05.10.1520/F2476-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—
2
A commonly used metric unit of CO TR is the cc(STP)/(m ·day) at one atmosphere driving force pressure differential where: 1
2
3
cc(STP) is 44.62 μmol. 1 atm is 0.1013 MPa. and one day is 86.4 x 10 s. CO TR in SI units is obtained by multiplying the value
2
-10 3 2 -9
in metric units by 5.164 x 10 or the value in inch-pound units (cmcm (STP)]/100 in(STP) / (100 in. ·day) · day) by 8.004 x 10 .
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2476 − 13
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The carbon dioxide gas transmission rate is determined after the sample has equilibrated in a dry-test environment. In this
context, a “dry” environment is considered to be one in which the relative humidity is less than 1 %.
4.2 The specimen is mounted as a sealed semi-barrier between two chambers at ambient atmospheric pressure. One chamber
is slowly purged by a stream of nitrogen and the other chamber with carbon dioxide. As
...
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