ASTM F2370-15
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring the Evaporative Resistance of Clothing Using a Sweating Manikin
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Evaporative Resistance of Clothing Using a Sweating Manikin
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method can be used to quantify and compare the evaporative resistance provided by different clothing systems. The evaporative resistance values for ensembles measured under isothermal conditions can be used in models that predict the physiological responses of people in different environmental conditions. Garment evaporative resistance values can be compared as well (see Annex A1).
4.2 The measurement of the evaporative resistance provided by clothing is complex and dependent upon the apparatus and techniques used. It is not practical in a test method of this scope to establish details sufficient to cover all contingencies. Departures from the instructions in this test method have the potential to lead to significantly different test results. Technical knowledge concerning the theory of heat transfer, moisture transfer, temperature, and air motion measurement, and testing practices is needed to evaluate which departures from the instructions given in this test method are significant. Standardization of the method reduces, but does not eliminate, the need for such technical knowledge. Report any departures with the results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the evaporative resistance of clothing ensembles. It describes the measurement of the resistance to evaporative heat transfer from a heated sweating thermal manikin to a relatively calm environment. Information on measuring the local evaporative resistance values for individual garments and ensembles is provided in Annex A1.
1.1.1 This is a static test that provides a baseline clothing measurement on a standing manikin.
1.1.2 The effects of body position and movement are not addressed in this test method.
1.2 The evaporative resistance values obtained apply only to the particular ensembles evaluated and for the specified environmental conditions of each test, particularly with respect to air movement and sweating simulations.
1.3 Evaporative resistance values reported in SI units shall be regarded as standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: F2370 − 15
StandardTest Method for
Measuring the Evaporative Resistance of Clothing Using a
1
Sweating Manikin
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2370; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Thetypeofclothingwornbypeopledirectlyaffectstheheatexchangebetweenthehumanbodyand
the environment. The heat transfer is both sensible (conduction, convection, and radiation) and latent
(evaporation). The evaporative resistance of a clothing ensemble is dependent upon the designs and
materials used in the component garments, the amount of body surface area covered by the clothing,
the distribution of the layers over the body, looseness or tightness of fit, and the increased surface area
forheatloss.Evaporativeresistancemeasurementsmadeonfabricsalonedonottakethesefactorsinto
account. Measurements of the resistance to evaporative heat loss provided by clothing can be used
with thermal resistance values (Test Method F1291) to determine the comfort or stress of people in
different environments.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the evapo- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
rative resistance of clothing ensembles. It describes the mea- E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
surement of the resistance to evaporative heat transfer from a Determine the Precision of a Test Method
heated sweating thermal manikin to a relatively calm environ- F1291 Test Method for Measuring the Thermal Insulation of
ment. Information on measuring the local evaporative resis- Clothing Using a Heated Manikin
3
tancevaluesforindividualgarmentsandensemblesisprovided 2.2 ISO Standards:
in Annex A1. ISO 9920 Ergonomics of the Thermal Environment—
1.1.1 This is a static test that provides a baseline clothing Estimation of the Thermal Insulation and Evaporation
measurement on a standing manikin. Resistance of a Clothing Ensemble
1.1.2 The effects of body position and movement are not
3. Terminology
addressed in this test method.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.2 Theevaporativeresistancevaluesobtainedapplyonlyto
3.1.1 clothing area factor (f ), n—the ratio of the surface
cl
the particular ensembles evaluated and for the specified envi-
area of the clothed body to the surface area of the nude body.
ronmental conditions of each test, particularly with respect to
3.1.2 clothing ensemble, n—a group of garments worn
air movement and sweating simulations.
together on the body at the same time.
1.3 Evaporative resistance values reported in SI units shall
3.1.3 evaporative resistance, n—the resistance to evapora-
be regarded as standard.
tive heat transfer from the body to the environment.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.3.1 Discussion—The evaporative resistance values can
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
be used to compare different clothing ensembles as long as
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
each test is conducted using the same experimental procedures
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
and test conditions. The following evaporative resistance
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
values can be determined in this method:
1 2
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeF23onPersonal For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Protective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
F23.60 on Human Factors. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2015. Published December 2015. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F2370 - 10. DOI: Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
10.1520/F2370-15. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2370 − 15
those required for standard sizes of garments because devia-
R = evaporative resistance of the air layer on the surface
ea
tions in fit will affect the results.
of the nude manikin’s sweating surface measured
5.1.2 Sweat Generation—The manikin must have the ability
under isothermal conditions.
R = total evaporative resistance of the clothing and to evaporate water from its surface. Sweating system can be
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2370 − 10 F2370 − 15
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Evaporative Resistance of Clothing Using a
1
Sweating Manikin
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2370; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The type of clothing worn by people directly affects the heat exchange between the human body and
the environment. The heat transfer is both sensible (conduction, convection, and radiation) and latent
(evaporation). The evaporative resistance of a clothing ensemble is dependent upon the designs and
materials used in the component garments, the amount of body surface area covered by the clothing,
the distribution of the layers over the body, looseness or tightness of fit, and the increased surface area
for heat loss. Evaporative resistance measurements made on fabrics alone do not take these factors into
account. Measurements of the resistance to evaporative heat loss provided by clothing can be used
with thermal resistance values (Test Method F1291) to determine the comfort or stress of people in
different environments.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the evaporative resistance of clothing ensembles. It describes the measurement
of the resistance to evaporative heat transfer from a heated sweating thermal manikin to a relatively calm environment. Information
on measuring the local evaporative resistance values for individual garments and ensembles is provided in Annex A1.
1.1.1 This is a static test that provides a baseline clothing measurement on a standing manikin.
1.1.2 The effects of body position and movement are not addressed in this test method.
1.2 The evaporative resistance values obtained apply only to the particular ensembles evaluated and for the specified
environmental conditions of each test, particularly with respect to air movement and sweating simulations.
1.3 Evaporative resistance values reported in SI units shall be regarded as standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
F1291 Test Method for Measuring the Thermal Insulation of Clothing Using a Heated Manikin
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 9920 Ergonomics of the Thermal Environment—Estimation of the Thermal Insulation and Evaporation Resistance of a
Clothing Ensemble
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 clothing ensemble, n—a group of garments worn together on the body at the same time.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 on Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F23.60 on Human Factors.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2010Nov. 1, 2015. Published January 2010December 2015. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 20052010
as F2370 - 05.F2370 - 10. DOI: 10.1520/F2370-10.10.1520/F2370-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2370 − 15
3.1.1 clothing area factor (f ) , ), n—the ratio of the surface area of the clothed body to the surface area of the nude body.
cl
3.1.2 clothing ensemble, n—a group of garments worn together on the body at the same time.
3.1.3 evaporative resistance, n—the resistance to evaporative heat transfer from the body to the environment.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—
The evaporative resistance values can be used to compare different clothing ensembles as long as each test is conducted using the
same experimental procedures and test conditions.
...
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