ASTM D3274-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Surface Disfigurement of Paint Films by Fungal or Algal Growth, or Soil and Dirt Accumulation
Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Surface Disfigurement of Paint Films by Fungal or Algal Growth, or Soil and Dirt Accumulation
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The growth of fungi in and on the surface of paint films represents a major cause of discoloration or disfigurement of painted surfaces. Because of their dark pigmentation, it is frequently difficult to distinguish fungi from dirt or soil particles.
Use of Pictorial Standards:
The pictorial references that are part of this test method are for illustration purposes and may be used for visual comparisons.
The diagrams represent an idealized schematic of various growth levels on paint films. they are intended as a representation only, but will serve as a useful guideline to establish amount and type of growth.
The diagrams represented in Fig. 1 are not derived from a linear scale. The scale is intended to provide for more discrimination at the earlier stages of fungal or algal growth. It is at these levels that greater discernment is necessary.
Comparisons made on dark colored substrates will be much more difficult, and will therefore require much more care and attention. It must be noted that because it is difficult to distinguish mild fungal or algal growth on the very dark substrates, there may be a tendency to under-rate those specimens.
(a) FIG. 1 Early Stages of Fungal Growth
(b) FIG. 1Early Stages of Fungal Growth (continued)
(c) FIG. 1Early Stages of Fungal Growth (continued)
SCOPE
1.1 Fungal growth, frequently referred to as mildew in the paint industry, causes defacement of paint film exposed outdoors. The visual rating of paint surface disfigurement due to fungal or algal attack is required in order to compare the performance of different coatings.
1.2 This method of rating mildew evaluation is intended to be used on exterior exposed paint films. This method may be used to rate interior fungal or algal growth, but it should be noted that the growth patterns on interior surfaces are different than exterior due to the lack of weathering influences. It is primarily intended for test specimens, but can also be sued for rating mildew growth on larger structures such as entire houses. If this is used for large areas, the project should be broken down into smaller sections.
1.3 This method is intended for field use for the macro rating of surface disfigurement only. The visual scales are meant to be used by the unaided eye to rate algal, fungal, or dirt disfigurement on larger surface areas such as test panels, siding boards, or entire buildings. Techniques are included for the differentiation of soil and dirt.
1.4 Fungi will grow on most paint films exposed outdoors that are located in conditions favorable to growth. Test procedures such as Practices D 1006, D 3456, and G 7 are available describing natural exposure tests that can be used to expose paint films, in order to create fungal or algal growth.
1.5 The pictorial references available for use with this test method provide a numerical basis for rating the degree of fungal or algal growth on paint films.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D3274 – 09
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating Degree of Surface Disfigurement of Paint Films
1
by Fungal or Algal Growth, or Soil and Dirt Accumulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3274; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 Fungal growth, frequently referred to as mildew in the
paint industry, causes defacement of paint film exposed out-
2. Referenced Documents
doors. The visual rating of paint surface disfigurement due to
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
fungal or algal attack is required in order to compare the
D1006 Practice for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests of
performance of different coatings.
Paints on Wood
1.2 This method of rating mildew evaluation is intended to
D3456 Practice for Determining by Exterior ExposureTests
be used on exterior exposed paint films. This method may be
the Susceptibility of Paint Films to MicrobiologicalAttack
used to rate interior fungal or algal growth, but it should be
D4610 Guide for Determining the Presence of and Remov-
noted that the growth patterns on interior surfaces are different
ing Microbial (Fungal or Algal) Growth on Paint and
than exterior due to the lack of weathering influences. It is
Related Coatings
primarily intended for test specimens, but can also be sued for
G7 Practice forAtmospheric Environmental Exposure Test-
rating mildew growth on larger structures such as entire
ing of Nonmetallic Materials
houses. If this is used for large areas, the project should be
broken down into smaller sections.
3. Terminology
1.3 This method is intended for field use for the macro
3.1 Types of Fungal Growth—During examination of a
rating of surface disfigurement only. The visual scales are
paintfilm,itmaybepossibletodistinguishbetweentheseveral
meanttobeusedbytheunaidedeyetoratealgal,fungal,ordirt
typesoffungaloralgalgrowth.Ifrequired,itmaybenecessary
disfigurement onlarger surface areas such as test panels, siding
to note the type of fungal or algal growth found. Under
boards, or entire buildings. Techniques are included for the
magnification, and with some identification training, it is
differentiation of soil and dirt.
possible to be able to distinguish growth types. The following
1.4 Fungi will grow on most paint films exposed outdoors
definitions are some growth types that may be found.
that are located in conditions favorable to growth. Test proce-
3.2 hyphae, n—thread-like, tubular fungal filaments that
dures such as Practices D1006, D3456, and G7 are available
compose the mycelium.
describing natural exposure tests that can be used to expose
3.3 mildew, n—a popular term for the conglomerations of
paint films, in order to create fungal or algal growth.
fungi that grow on and disfigure paint films.
1.5 The pictorial references available for use with this test
3.4 mycelium, n—vegetative mass of hyphae forming the
method provide a numerical basis for rating the degree of
body of a fungus.
fungal or algal growth on paint films.
3.5 spore—an asexual reproductive cell capable of devel-
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
oping into a mature fungus without fusion with another cell.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.5.1 Discussion—Spores tend to be spherical in morphol-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ogy and are observed singly or in clusters. Spores may or may
not be associated with fungal mycelia and can range in a wide
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D01.28 on Biodeterioration. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved March 1, 2009. Published May 2009. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D3274 – 95 (2002). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D3274-09. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D3274 – 09
variety of colors. Although primarily gray or black, some distinguish mil
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D3274–95(Reapproved2002) Designation: D 3274 – 09
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating Degree of Surface Disfigurement of Paint Films
by Microbial (Fungal Fungal or Algal) Growth, or Soil and
1
Dirt Accumulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3274; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1The photographic reference standards available for use with this test method provide a numerical basis for rating the degree
of fungal and algal growth or soil and dirt accumulation on paint films.
1.2*
1.1 Fungal growth, frequently referred to as mildew in the paint industry, causes defacement of paint film exposed outdoors.
The visual rating of paint surface disfigurement due to fungal or algal attack is required in order to compare the performance of
different coatings.
1.2 This method of rating mildew evaluation is intended to be used on exterior exposed paint films. This method may be used
to rate interior fungal or algal growth, but it should be noted that the growth patterns on interior surfaces are different than exterior
due to the lack of weathering influences. It is primarily intended for test specimens, but can also be sued for rating mildew growth
on larger structures such as entire houses. If this is used for large areas, the project should be broken down into smaller sections.
1.3 This method is intended for field use for the macro rating of surface disfigurement only. The visual scales are meant to be
used by the unaided eye to rate algal, fungal, or dirt disfigurement on larger surface areas such as test panels, siding boards, or
entire buildings. Techniques are included for the differentiation of soil and dirt.
1.4 Fungi will grow on most paint films exposed outdoors that are located in conditions favorable to growth. Test procedures
such as Practices D 1006, D 3456, and G 7 are available describing natural exposure tests that can be used to expose paint films,
in order to create fungal or algal growth.
1.5 The pictorial references available for use with this test method provide a numerical basis for rating the degree of fungal or
algal growth on paint films.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1006 Practice for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests of Paints on Wood
D 3456 Practice for Determining by Exterior Exposure Tests the Susceptibility of Paint Films to Microbiological Attack
D 4610 Guide for Determining the Presence of and Removing Microbial (Fungal or Algal) Growth on Paint and Related
Coatings
2.2ASTM Adjuncts:
Pictorial Photographic Standards Guide for Determining the Presence of and Removing Microbial (Fungal orAlgal) Growth on
Paint and Related Coatings
G7 Practice for Atmospheric Environmental Exposure Testing of Nonmetallic Materials
3. Terminology
3.1 Types of Fungal and Algal Growth— Fungi are heterotrophs capable of reproducing both asexually and sexually. Asexual
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.28 on Biodeterioration.
´1
Current edition approved April 15, 1995. Published June 1995. Originally published as D3274–73T. Last previous edition D3274–82(1988) .
Current edition approved March 1, 2009. Published May 2009. Originally approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 3274 – 95 (2002).
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 06.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3274–09
reproductiontakesplaceeitherbythefragmentationofthe
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