ASTM F2516-14
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Tension Testing of Nickel-Titanium Superelastic Materials
Standard Test Method for Tension Testing of Nickel-Titanium Superelastic Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Tension tests provide information on the strength and ductility of materials under uniaxial tensile stresses.
5.2 Tension tests, as described in this test method, also provide information on the superelasticity, as defined in Terminology F2005, of the material at the test temperature.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the tension testing of superelastic nickel-titanium (nitinol) materials, specifically the methods for determination of upper plateau strength, lower plateau strength, residual elongation, tensile strength, and elongation.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: F2516 − 14
Standard Test Method for
1
Tension Testing of Nickel-Titanium Superelastic Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2516; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
3.1 The definitions of terms relating to tension testing
1.1 This test method covers the tension testing of superelas-
appearing in Terminology E6 and the terms relating to nickel-
tic nickel-titanium (nitinol) materials, specifically the methods
titanium shape memory alloys appearing in Terminology
for determination of upper plateau strength, lower plateau
F2005 shall be considered as applying to the terms used in this
strength, residual elongation, tensile strength, and elongation.
test method.Additional terms being defined are as follows (see
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Fig. 1):
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.2 Definitions:
standard.
3.2.1 lower plateau strength (LPS)—the stress at 2.5 %
strain during unloading of the sample, after loading to 6 %
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
strain.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.2 residual elongation, El [%] —the difference between
r
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
the strain at a stress of 7.0 MPa during unloading and the strain
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
at a stress of 7.0 MPa during loading.
3.2.3 uniform elongation, El [%]—the elongation deter-
u
2. Referenced Documents
mined at the maximum force sustained by the test piece just
2
prior to necking, or fracture, or both.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.4 upper plateau strength (UPS)—the stress at 3 % strain
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials during loading of the sample.
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
4. Summary of Test Method
someter Systems
E111 Test Method for Young’s Modulus, Tangent Modulus,
4.1 Using conventional tensile testing apparatus, the mate-
and Chord Modulus
rial is pulled to 6 % strain, then unloaded to less than 7 MPa,
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
then pulled to failure.
ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to 5. Significance and Use
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
5.1 Tension tests provide information on the strength and
E1876 Test Method for Dynamic Young’s Modulus, Shear
ductility of materials under uniaxial tensile stresses.
Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio by Impulse Excitation of
5.2 Tension tests, as described in this test method, also
Vibration
provide information on the superelasticity, as defined in Ter-
F2005 Terminology for Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory
minology F2005, of the material at the test temperature.
Alloys
6. Apparatus
6.1 Apparatus is as described in Test Methods E8.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F04 on Medical
and Surgical Materials and Devices and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
7. Test Specimen
F04.15 on Material Test Methods.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014. Published February 2015. Originally
7.1 Test specimens are as described in Test Methods E8.
ε2
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F2516 – 07 . DOI:
10.1520/F2516-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 8. Procedure
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
8.1 Procedure shall be per Test Methods E8 with the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. following additions:
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2516 − 14
8.1.4.1 When using a clip-on extensometer with small-
diameter wire, care must be taken not to bend or distort the
wire when attaching the extensometer.
8.1.5 Upper plateau strength shall be determined as the
value of the stress at a strain of 3.0 % during the initial loading
of the specimen.
8.1.6 Lower plateau strength shall be determined as the
value of the stress at a strain of 2.5 % during the unloading of
the specimen.
8.1.7 Residual elongation shall be determined by the differ-
encebetweenthestrainatastressof7.0MPaduringunloading
and the strain at a stress of 7.0 MPa during loading.
8.1.8 The uniform elongation shall be determined by el
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´2
Designation: F2516 − 07 F2516 − 14
Standard Test Method for
1
Tension Testing of Nickel-Titanium Superelastic Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2516; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Referenced Documents were updated editorially in April 2008.
2
ε NOTE—A heading in Table 1 was editorially corrected in September 2008.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the tension testing of superelastic nickel-titanium (nitinol) materials, specifically the methods offor
determination of upper plateau strength, lower plateau strength, residual elongation, tensile strength, and elongation.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Extensometer Systems
E111 Test Method for Young’s Modulus, Tangent Modulus, and Chord Modulus
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1876 Test Method for Dynamic Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio by Impulse Excitation of Vibration
F2005 Terminology for Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory Alloys
3. Terminology
3.1 The definitions of terms relating to tension testing appearing in Terminology E6 and the terms relating to nickel-titanium
shape memory alloys appearing in Terminology F2005 shall be considered as applying to the terms used in this test method.
Additional terms being defined are as follows (see Fig. 1):
3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 lower plateau strength (LPS)—the stress at 2.5 % strain during unloading of the sample, after loading to 6 % strain.
3.2.2 residual elongation, El [%] —the difference between the strain at a stress of 7.0 MPa during unloading and the strain at
r
a stress of 7.0 MPa during loading.
3.2.3 uniform elongation, El [%]—the elongation determined at the maximum force sustained by the test piece just prior to
u
necking, or fracture, or both.
3.2.4 upper plateau strength (UPS)—the stress at 3 % strain during loading of the sample.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Using conventional tensile testing apparatus, the material is pulled to 6 % strain, then unloaded to less than 7 MPa, then
pulled to failure.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F04 on Medical and Surgical Materials and Devices and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F04.15 on Material Test Methods.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007Oct. 1, 2014. Published January 2008February 2015. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 20062007 as
ε2
F2516 – 06.F2516 – 07 . DOI: 10.1520/F2516-07E02.10.1520/F2516-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2516 − 14
FIG. 1 Terms Illustrated on Typical Stress-Strain Diagram of Superelastic Nitinol
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Tension tests provide information on the strength and ductility of materials under uniaxial tensile stresses.
5.2 Tension tests, as described in this test method, also provide information on the superelasticity, as defined in Terminology
F2005, of the material at the test temperature.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Apparatus is as described in Test Methods E8.
7. Test Specimen
7.1 Test specimens are as described in Test Methods E8.
8. Procedure
8.1 Procedure shall be per Test Methods E8 with the following additions:
8.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, the temperature of the test shall be 22.0°C. Toler
...
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