ASTM F2004-17
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Transformation Temperature of Nickel-Titanium Alloys by Thermal Analysis
Standard Test Method for Transformation Temperature of Nickel-Titanium Alloys by Thermal Analysis
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Differential scanning calorimetry provides a rapid method for determining the transformation temperature(s) of nickel-titanium shape memory alloys.
5.2 This test method uses small, stress-free, annealed samples to determine whether a sample of nickel-titanium alloy containing nominally 54.5 to 57.0 % nickel by weight is austenitic or martensitic at a particular temperature. Since chemical analysis of these alloys does not have sufficient precision to determine the transformation temperature by measuring the nickel-to-titanium ratio of the alloy, direct measurement of the transformation temperature of an annealed sample of known thermal history is recommended.
5.3 This test method is useful for quality control, specification acceptance, and research.
5.4 Transformation temperatures derived from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) may not agree with those obtained by other test methods due to the effects of strain and load on the transformation. For example, transformation temperatures measured in accordance with Test Method F2082 will differ from those measured by the current standard.
5.5 The use of this test method for finished or semi-finished components without annealing (as in 8.2) shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method defines procedures for determining the transformation temperatures of nickel-titanium shape memory alloys, produced in accordance with Specification F2063, by differential scanning calorimetry.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F2004 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Transformation Temperature of Nickel-Titanium Alloys by
1
Thermal Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2004; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
F2005 Terminology for Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory
1.1 This test method defines procedures for determining the
Alloys
transformation temperatures of nickel-titanium shape memory
F2063 Specification for Wrought Nickel-Titanium Shape
alloys, produced in accordance with Specification F2063,by
Memory Alloys for Medical Devices and Surgical Im-
differential scanning calorimetry.
plants
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
F2082 Test Method for Determination of Transformation
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Temperature of Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory Alloys
standard.
by Bend and Free Recovery
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3.1 Specific technical terms used in this test method are
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and to found in Terminologies E473, E1142, and F2005.
determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to
4. Summary of Test Method
use.
4.1 This test method involves heating and cooling a test
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- specimen at a controlled rate in a controlled environment
through the temperature interval of the phase transformation.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- The difference in heat flow between the test material and a
reference material due to energy changes is continuously
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. monitored and recorded. Absorption of energy due to a phase
transformation in the specimen results in an endothermic peak
2. Referenced Documents
on heating. Release of energy due to a phase transformation in
2
the specimen results in an exothermic peak on cooling.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
5. Significance and Use
ASTM Test Methods
5.1 Differential scanning calorimetry provides a rapid
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-
method for determining the transformation temperature(s) of
ology
nickel-titanium shape memory alloys.
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
5.2 This test method uses small, stress-free, annealed
E967 Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Differen-
samplestodeterminewhetherasampleofnickel-titaniumalloy
tial Scanning Calorimeters and Differential Thermal Ana-
containing nominally 54.5 to 57.0 % nickel by weight is
lyzers
austenitic or martensitic at a particular temperature. Since
chemical analysis of these alloys does not have sufficient
precision to determine the transformation temperature by
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F04 on Medical
measuring the nickel-to-titanium ratio of the alloy, direct
and Surgical Materials and Devices and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
measurement of the transformation temperature of an annealed
F04.15 on Material Test Methods.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017. Published October 2017. Originally sample of known thermal history is recommended.
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as F2004 – 16. DOI:
5.3 This test method is useful for quality control, specifica-
10.1520/F2004-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or tion acceptance, and research.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.4 Transformation temperatures derived from differential
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. scanning calorimetry (DSC) may not agree with those obtained
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2004 − 17
byothertestmethodsduetotheeffectsofstrainandloadonthe of the alloy. For example,
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2004 − 16 F2004 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Transformation Temperature of Nickel-Titanium Alloys by
1
Thermal Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2004; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method defines procedures for determining the transformation temperatures of nickel-titanium shape memory
alloys, produced in accordance with Specification F2063, by differential scanning calorimetry.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and to determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E967 Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Differential Scanning Calorimeters and Differential Thermal Analyzers
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
F2005 Terminology for Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory Alloys
F2063 Specification for Wrought Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory Alloys for Medical Devices and Surgical Implants
F2082 Test Method for Determination of Transformation Temperature of Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory Alloys by Bend and
Free Recovery
3. Terminology
3.1 Specific technical terms used in this test method are found in Terminologies E473, E1142, and F2005.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method involves heating and cooling a test specimen at a controlled rate in a controlled environment through the
temperature interval of the phase transformation. The difference in heat flow between the test material and a reference material due
to energy changes is continuously monitored and recorded. Absorption of energy due to a phase transformation in the specimen
results in an endothermic peak on heating. Release of energy due to a phase transformation in the specimen results in an exothermic
peak on cooling.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Differential scanning calorimetry provides a rapid method for determining the transformation temperature(s) of nickel-
titanium shape memory alloys.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F04 on Medical and Surgical Materials and Devices and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F04.15 on Material Test Methods.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016Oct. 1, 2017. Published January 2017October 2017. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20102016 as
F2004 – 05 (2010).F2004 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/F2004-16.10.1520/F2004-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2004 − 17
5.2 This test method uses small, stress-free, annealed samples to determine whether a sample of nickel-titanium alloy containing
nominally 54.5 to 56.5 %57.0 % nickel by weight is austenitic or martensitic at a particular temperature. Since chemical analysis
of these alloys does not have sufficient precision to determine the transformation temperature by measuring the nickel-to-titanium
ratio of the alloy, direct measurement of the transformation temperature of an annealed sample of known thermal history is
recommended.
5.3 This test method is useful for quality control, specification acceptance, and r
...
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