ASTM A231/A231M-04

Standard Specification for Chromium-Vanadium Alloy Steel Spring Wire

ABSTRACT
This specification covers round chromium-vanadium alloy steel spring wires having properties and quality intended for the manufacture of springs used at moderately elevated temperatures. Wires shall either be in the annealed and cold-drawn or oil-tempered condition as specified by the purchaser. The steel may either be ingot cast or strand cast, and the finished wire shall be free from detrimental pipe and undue segregation. Specimens shall undergo cast or heat analysis, and shall conform to required chemical compositions for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, chromium, and vanadium. Wrap tests shall also be performed wherein mechanical properties shall be assessed for tensile strength requirements. Metallurgical properties, such as the surface condition and decarburization, shall be inspected as well. For all test procedures, one specimen shall be taken for each ten coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each cast or heat in a given lot shall be tested.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers round chromium-vanadium alloy steel spring wire having properties and quality intended for the manufacture of springs used at moderately elevated temperatures. This wire shall be either in the annealed and cold-drawn or oil-tempered condition as specified by the purchaser.
1.2 The values stated in either SI (metric) units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independent of the other.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2004
• ICS: 77.140.25 - Spring steels
• Technical Committee: A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• Drafting Committee: A01.03 - Steel Rod and Wire

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM A231/A231M-96(2002) - Standard Specification for Chromium-Vanadium Alloy Steel Spring Wire
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2004
• Replaced By: ASTM A231/A231M-10 - Standard Specification for Chromium-Vanadium Alloy Steel Spring Wire
• Effective Date: 01-May-2010
• Referred By: ASTM F1370-92(2019)e1 - Standard Specification for Pressure-Reducing Valves for Water Systems, Shipboard
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2004
• Referred By: ASTM A1000/A1000M-17(2023) - Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Carbon and Alloy Specialty Spring Quality
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2004
• Referred By: ASTM F1508-96(2021) - Standard Specification for Angle Style, Pressure Relief Valves for Steam, Gas, and Liquid Services
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2004

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: A231/A231M – 04
Standard Specification for
1
Chromium-Vanadium Alloy Steel Spring Wire
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA231/A231M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2.4 Federal Standard:
4
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
1.1 This specification covers round chromium-vanadium
2.5 AIAG Standard:
alloy steel spring wire having properties and quality intended
AIAGB-5 02.00 Primary Metals Identification TagApplica-
for the manufacture of springs used at moderately elevated
5
tion Standard
temperatures. This wire shall be either in the annealed and
cold-drawn or oil-tempered condition as specified by the
3. Ordering Information
purchaser.
3.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specify
1.2 The values stated in either SI (metric) units or inch-
all requirements that are necessary for material under this
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
specification. Such requirements may include, but are not
values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; there-
limited to, the following:
fore, each system must be used independent of the other.
3.1.1 Quantity (mass),
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.2 Name of material (chromium-vanadium alloy steel
2
wire),
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.3 Wire diameter (Table 1 and Table 2),
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
3.1.4 Packaging (Section 14),
of Steel Products
3.1.5 Cast or heat analysis report (if requested) (5.2),
A700 PracticesforPackaging,Marking,andLoadingMeth-
3.1.6 Certification or test report, or both, if specified (Sec-
ods for Steel Products for Shipment
tion 13), and
A751 Test Methods, Practices, andTerminology for Chemi-
3.1.7 ASTM designation and date of issue.
cal Analysis of Steel Products
A752 Specification for General Requirements for Wire
NOTE 1—A typical ordering description is as follows: 20 000 kg
Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Alloy Steel
oil-tempered chromium-vanadium alloy steel wire, size 6.00 mm in
150-kg coils to ASTM A231M dated_______ , or for inch-pound units,
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
40 000 lb oil-tempered chromium-vanadium alloy steel spring wire, size
Determine Conformance with Specifications
0.250 in. in 350-lb coils to ASTM A231 dated_______.
2.2 ANSI Standard:
B 32.4M Preferred Metric Sizes for Round, Square, Rect-
4. Materials and Manufacture
3
angle, and Hexagon Metal Products
4.1 The steel may be made by any commercially accepted
2.3 Military Standard:
steel–making process. The steel may be either ingot cast or
MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products, Preparation for Ship-
strand cast.
4
ment and Storage
4.2 The finished wire shall be free from detrimental pipe
and undue segregation.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM CommitteeA01 on Steel,
5. Chemical Composition
Stainless Steel, and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
5.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements as to
A01.03 on Steel Rod and Wire.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2004. Published September 2004. Originally chemical composition specified in Table 3.
approved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as A231/
5.2 Cast or Heat Analysis—Each cast or heat of steel shall
A231M – 96 (2002). DOI: 10.1520/A0231_A0231M-04.
beanalyzedbythemanufacturertodeterminethepercentageof
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
elements prescribed in Table 3. This analysis shall be made
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
fromatestspecimenpreferablytakenduringthepouringofthe
the ASTM website.
3
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
4 5
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Available fromAutomotive IndustryAction Group (AIAG), 26200 Lahser Rd.,
Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098 Suite 200, Southfield, MI 48034.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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A231/A231M – 04
A
TABLE 1 Tensile Requirements, SI Units TABLE 3 Chemical Requirements
Tensile Strength, MPa Reduction of Areas, Element Analysis, %
B
Diameter, mm
min, %
Carbon 0.48–0.53
min max
...