ASTM E8-04

Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Tension tests provide information on the strength and ductility of materials under uniaxial tensile stresses. This information may be useful in comparisons of materials, alloy development, quality control, and design under certain circumstances.
The results of tension tests of specimens machined to standardized dimensions from selected portions of a part or material may not totally represent the strength and ductility properties of the entire end product or its in-service behavior in different environments.
These test methods are considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments. The test methods have been used extensively in the trade for this purpose.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the tension testing of metallic materials in any form at room temperature, specifically, the methods of determination of yield strength, yield point elongation, tensile strength, elongation, and reduction of area.
Note 1-A complete metric companion to Test Methods E 8 has been developed, therefore, no metric equivalents are shown in these test methods. Committee E28 was granted an exception in 1997 by the Committee on Standards to maintain E8 and E8M as separate companion standards rather than combining standards as recommended by the Form and Style Manual.
Note 2-Gage lengths in these test methods are required to be 4D for most round specimens. Test specimens made from powder metallurgy (P/M) materials are exempt from this requirement by industry-wide agreement to keep the pressing of the material to a specific projected area and density.
Note 3-Exceptions to the provisions of these test methods may need to be made in individual specifications or test methods for a particular material. For examples, see Test Methods and Definitions A 370 and Test Methods B 557.
Note 4-Room temperature shall be considered to be 50 to 100F unless otherwise specified.
1.2This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2004
• ICS: 77.040.10 - Mechanical testing of metals
• Technical Committee: E28 - Mechanical Testing
• Drafting Committee: E28.04 - Uniaxial Testing

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E8-03 - Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2004
• Referred By: ASTM B474/B474M-19 - Standard Specification for Electric Fusion Welded Nickel and Nickel Alloy Pipe
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2004
• Referred By: ASTM F15-04(2022) - Standard Specification for Iron-Nickel-Cobalt Sealing Alloy
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2004
• Referred By: ASTM F2527-16 - Standard Specification for Wrought Seamless and Welded and Drawn Cobalt Alloy Small Diameter Tubing for Surgical Implants (UNS R30003, UNS R30008, UNS R30035, UNS R30605, and UNS R31537)
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2004
• Referred By: ASTM F1466-20 - Standard Specification for Iron-Nickel-Cobalt Alloys for Metal-to-Ceramic Sealing Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2004
• Referred By: ASTM B783-19 - Standard Specification for Materials for Ferrous Powder Metallurgy (PM) Structural Parts
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2004
• Referred By: ASTM B443-19 - Standard Specification for Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum-Columbium Alloy and Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum-Silicon Alloy Plate, Sheet, and Strip
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2004
• Referred By: ASTM B511/B511M-21 - Standard Specification for Nickel-Iron-Chromium-Silicon Alloy Bars and Shapes
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2004
• Referred By: ASTM B983-21 - Standard Specification for Precipitation Hardened or Cold Worked, Seamless Nickel Alloy Pipe and Tube
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2004
• Referred By: ASTM G123-00(2022)e1 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Stainless Alloys with Different Nickel Content in Boiling Acidified Sodium Chloride Solution
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2004
• Referred By: ASTM B708-12(2019) - Standard Specification for Tantalum and Tantalum Alloy Plate, Sheet, and Strip
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2004
• Referred By: ASTM B621-21 - Standard Specification for Nickel-Iron-Chromium-Molybdenum Alloy Rod
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2004
• Referred By: ASTM B848/B848M-21 - Standard Specification for Powder Forged (PF) Ferrous Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2004
• Referred By: ASTM B557-15(2023) - Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and Cast Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2004
• Referred By: ASTM F384-17 - Standard Specifications and Test Methods for Metallic Angled Orthopedic Fracture Fixation Devices
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2004

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
American Association State
Designation:E8–04 Highway and Transportation Officials Standard
AASHTO No.: T68
An American National Standard
Standard Test Methods for
1
Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE8;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* A370 TestMethodsandDefinitionsforMechanicalTesting
of Steel Products
1.1 These test methods cover the tension testing of metallic
B557 Test Methods of Tension Testing Wrought and Cast
materials in any form at room temperature, specifically, the
Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products
methods of determination of yield strength, yield point elon-
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
gation, tensile strength, elongation, and reduction of area.
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test-
NOTE 1—A complete metric companion to Test Methods E8 has been
ing
developed, therefore, no metric equivalents are shown in these test
E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Mate-
methods. Committee E28 was granted an exception in 1997 by the
rials [Metric]
Committee on Standards to maintain E8 and E8M as separate companion
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
standards rather than combining standards as recommended by the Form
and Style Manual. Determine Conformance with Specifications
NOTE 2—Gage lengths in these test methods are required to be 4D for
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
most round specimens. Test specimens made from powder metallurgy
someters
(P/M) materials are exempt from this requirement by industry-wide
E208 Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test to
agreement to keep the pressing of the material to a specific projected area
Determine Nil-DuctilityTransitionTemperature of Ferritic
and density.
Steels
NOTE 3—Exceptions to the provisions of these test methods may need
E345 Test Methods of Tension Testing of Metallic Foil
to be made in individual specifications or test methods for a particular
material. For examples, see Test Methods and DefinitionsA370 and Test E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Methods B557.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
NOTE 4—Room temperature shall be considered to be 50 to 100°F
E1012 Practice for Verification of Specimen Alignment
unless otherwise specified.
Under Tensile Loading
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3.1 Definitions—The definitions of terms relating to tension
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
testing appearing in Terminology E6 shall be considered as
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. applying to the terms used in these test methods of tension
testing. Additional terms being defined are as follows:
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.1 discontinuous yielding—in a uniaxial test, a hesitation
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
or fluctuation of force observed at the onset of plastic defor-
A356/A356M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon,
mation,duetolocalizedyielding.(Thestress-straincurveneed
Low Alloy, and Stainless Steel, Heavy-Walled for Steam
not appear to be discontinuous.)
−2
Turbines
3.1.2 lower yield strength, LYS [FL ]—in a uniaxial test,
the minimum stress recorded during discontinuous yielding,
ignoring transient effects.
−2
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on
3.1.3 upper yield strength, UYS [FL ]— in a uniaxial test,
Mechanical Testing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.04 on
the first stress maximum (stress at first zero slope) associated
Uniaxial Testing.
with discontinuous yielding at or near the onset of plastic
Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Published May 2004. Originally
deformation.
approved in 1924. Last previous edition appproved 2003 asE8–03.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.02.
3.1.4 yield point elongation, YPE— in a uniaxial test, the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
strain(expressedinpercent)separatingthestress-straincurve’s
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
first point of zero slope from the point of transition from
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. discontinuous yielding to uniform strain hardening. If the
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
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