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ASTM D6594-06

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Corrosiveness of Diesel Engine Oil at 135°C

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Corrosiveness of Diesel Engine Oil at 135°C

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is intended to simulate the corrosion process of non-ferrous metals in diesel lubricants. The corrosion process under investigation is that believed to be induced primarily by inappropriate lubricant chemistry rather than lubricant degradation or contamination. This test method has been found to correlate with an extensive fleet database containing corrosion-induced cam and bearing failures.3
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers testing diesel engine lubricants to determine their tendency to corrode various metals, specifically alloys of lead and copper commonly used in cam followers and bearings.
1.2 &si-value;
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2006
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.B0.02 - Heavy Duty Engine Oils
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6594-05 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Corrosiveness of Diesel Engine Oil at 135°C
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006
Replaced By
ASTM D6594-08 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Corrosiveness of Diesel Engine Oil at 135°C
Effective Date
15-Oct-2008
Referred By
ASTM D4485-22e1 - Standard Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006
Referred By
ASTM D6750-23 - Standard Test Methods for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High-Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—1K Procedure (0.4 % Fuel Sulfur) and 1N Procedure (0.04 % Fuel Sulfur)
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006
Referred By
ASTM D6923-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1R Test Procedure
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006

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ASTM D6594-06 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Corrosiveness of Diesel Engine Oil at 135°CASTM D6594-06 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Corrosiveness of Diesel Engine Oil at 135°C
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ASTM D6594-06 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Corrosiveness of Diesel Engine Oil at 135°C
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:D6594–06
Standard Test Method for
1
Evaluation of Corrosiveness of Diesel Engine Oil at 135°C
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6594; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Any properly equipped laboratory, without outside assistance, can use the procedure described in
2
this test method. However, theASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) provides reference oils and an
assessmentofthetestresultsobtainedonthoseoilsbythelaboratory(seeAnnexA1).Bythesemeans,
the laboratory will know whether their use of the test method gives results statistically similar to those
obtainedbyotherlaboratories.Furthermore,variousagenciesrequirethatalaboratoryutilizetheTMC
services in seeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S. Army imposes
such a requirement in connection with several Army engine lubricating oil specifications.
Accordingly, this test method is written for use by laboratories that utilize the TMC services.
Laboratories that choose not to use those services may simply ignore those portions of the test method
that refer to the TMC.
This test method may be modified by means of information letters issued by the TMC. In addition,
the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to the method (see Annex A1). For other
3
information, refer to the research report of this test method.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
4
1.1 This test method covers testing diesel engine lubricants 2.1 ASTM Standards:
to determine their tendency to corrode various metals, specifi- D 130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from
cally alloys of lead and copper commonly used in cam Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
followers and bearings. D 235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information D 5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Ele-
only. ments, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricat-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the ing Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in Base
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- D 5844 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine
5
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Oils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID)
D 6557 Test Method for Evaluation of Rust Preventive
1 Characteristics of Automotive Engine Oils
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
3. Terminology
D02.B0.02 on Heavy Duty Engine Oils.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2006. Published December 2006. Originally
3.1 Definitions:
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D 6594–05.
2
The ASTM Test Monitoring Center will update changes in this test method by
means of Information Letters. This edition incorporates revisions contained in all
4
Information Letters through 06-2. Information Letters may be obtained from the For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489, contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Attention: Administrator. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
3
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may the ASTM website.
5
be obtained by requesting Research Report RR: D02–1443. Withdrawn.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6594–06
3.1.1 corrosion, n—the chemical or electrochemical reac-
tion between a material, usually a metal surface, and its
environment that can produce a deterioration of the material
and its properties. D5844
3.1.2 developer, n—of an ASTM test method, the assigned
ASTM group, working under the supervision of its governing
subcommittee and main committee, that formats the test
method in accordance with the Form and Style for ASTM
Standards, and continually refines the test method.
3.1.3 developer, n—of a test procedure, an individual or
organization that selects the test apparatus and operating
conditions.
3.1.
...

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5.1 This test method can be used to determine wear properties and coefficient of friction of lubricating greases at selected temperatures and loads specified for use in applications where high-speed vibrational or start-stop motions are present for extended periods of time under initial high Hertzian point contact pressures. This test method has found application in qualifying lubricating greases used in constant velocity joints of front-wheel-drive automobiles and for lubricating greases used in roller bearings. Users of this test method should determine whether results correlate with field performance or other applications.
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4.1 This practice is intended to help users, particularly power plant operators, maintain effective control over their mineral lubricating oils and lubrication monitoring program. This practice may be used to perform oil changes based on oil condition and test results rather than on the basis of service time or calendar time. It is intended to save operating and maintenance expenses.  
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4.4 This practice is intended for mineral oil products, and not for synthetic type of products, with the exception of phosphate esters fluids typically used in power plant control systems.
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5.1 The low-temperature, low-shear-rate viscosity of automatic transmission fluids, gear oils, torque and tractor fluids, and industrial and automotive hydraulic oils (see Appendix X4) are of considerable importance to the proper operation of many mechanical devices. Measurement of the viscometric properties of these oils and fluids at low temperatures is often used to specify their acceptance for service. This test method is used in a number of specifications.  
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5.1 The bromine number is useful as a measure of aliphatic unsaturation in petroleum samples. When used in conjunction with the calculation procedure described in Annex A2, it can be used to estimate the percentage of olefins in petroleum distillates boiling up to approximately 315 °C (600 °F).  
5.2 The bromine number of commercial aliphatic monoolefins provides supporting evidence of their purity and identity.
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1.2 This practice is based on trending and distribution response analysis from mid-infrared absorption measurements. While calibration to generate physical concentration units may be possible, it is unnecessary or impractical in many cases. Warning or alarm limits (the point where maintenance action on a machine being monitored is recommended or required) can be determined through statistical analysis, history of the same or similar equipment, round robin tests or other methods in conjunction with correlation to equipment performance. These warning or alarm limits can be a fixed maximum or minimum value for comparison to a single measurement or can also be based on a rate of change of the response measured (1) .2 This practice describes distributions but does not preclude using rate-of-change warnings and alarms.
Note 1: It is not the intent of this practice to establish or recommend normal, cautionary, warning or alert limits for any machinery. Such limits should be established in conjunction with advice and guidance from the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group.  
1.3 Spectra and distribution profiles presented herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as representing or establishing lubricant or machinery guidelines.  
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1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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5.2 This test method requires that non-reference oil(s) be tested in parallel with a reference oil known to be aggressive for some parameters under service conditions. This relative  compatibility permits decisions on the anticipated or predicted performance of the non-reference oil in service.  
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1.1 This test method covers quantitative procedures for the evaluation of the compatibility of automotive engine oils with several reference elastomers typical of those used in the sealing materials in contact with these oils. Compatibility is evaluated by determining the changes in volume, Durometer A hardness, and tensile properties when the elastomer specimens are immersed in the oil for a specified time and temperature.  
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1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first order evaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because seals might be subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and they can operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluation of the potential sealing performance of any elastomer-oil combination in any service condition usually requires tests additional to those described in this test method.  
1.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specified in this test method were chosen to be representative of those used in both heavy-duty diesel engines (detailed in Annex A1) and passenger-car spark-ignition engines (the latter are covered in Annex A2). The procedures described in this test method can, however, also be used to evaluate the compatibility of automotive engine oils with different elastomer types/formulations or different test durations and temperatures to those employed in this test method.
Note 2: In such cases, the precision and bias statement in Section 12 does not apply. In addition to agreeing acceptable limits of precision, where relevant, the user and supplier should also agree:  (1) test temperatures and immersion times to be used; (2) the formulations and typical properties of the elastomers; and (3) the sourcing and quality control of the elastomer sheets.
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SCOPE
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1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7918-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Flow Properties and Evaluation of Wear, Contaminants, and Oxidative Properties of Lubricating Grease by Die Extrusion Method and Preparation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Trending the wear, contamination, consistency, and oxidative properties of a lubricating grease is a crucial part of condition-monitoring programs. Changes in these properties or deviations from the new grease can be indicative of problems within the lubricated component, such as the mixing of incompatible thickener types, excessive wear or contaminant levels, or significant depletion of antioxidant levels. These test methods also makes it possible to develop trends that can be used to predict failures before they occur and allow for corrective action to be taken.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination and evaluation of flow properties, wear levels, contaminants, and oxidative condition of new and in-service lubricating grease.  
1.2 This test method provides guidance on evaluating in-service grease samples, NLGI grades 00 to 3, for wear, consistency, contamination, and oxidation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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