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ASTM D6709-14

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence VIII Spark-Ignition Engine (CLR Oil Test Engine)

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence VIII Spark-Ignition Engine (CLR Oil Test Engine)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to evaluate automotive engine oils for protection of engines against bearing weight loss.  
5.2 This test method is also used to evaluate the SIG capabilities of multiviscosity-graded oils.  
5.3 Correlation of test results with those obtained in automotive service has not been established.  
5.4 Use—The Sequence VIII test method is useful for engine oil specification acceptance. It is used in specifications and classifications of engine lubricating oils, such as the following:  
5.4.1 Specification D4485.  
5.4.2 API Publication 1509 Engine Oil Licensing and Certification System.6  
5.4.3 SAE Classification J304.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of automotive engine oils (SAE grades 0W, 5W, 10W, 20, 30, 40, and 50, and multi-viscosity grades) intended for use in spark-ignition gasoline engines. The test procedure is conducted using a carbureted, spark-ignition Cooperative Lubrication Research (CLR) Oil Test Engine (also referred to as the Sequence VIII test engine in this test method) run on unleaded fuel. An oil is evaluated for its ability to protect the engine and the oil from deterioration under high-temperature and severe service conditions. The test method can also be used to evaluate the viscosity stability of multi-viscosity-graded oils. Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil performance for specification requirements are discussed in the latest revision of Specification D4485.  
1.2 Correlation of test results with those obtained in automotive service has not been established. Furthermore, the results obtained in this test are not necessarily indicative of results that will be obtained in a full-scale automotive spark-ignition or compression-ignition engine, or in an engine operated under conditions different from those of the test. The test can be used to compare one oil with another.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3.1 Exceptions—The values stated in inch-pounds for certain tube measurements, screw thread specifications, and sole source supply equipment are to be regarded as standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are provided throughout this test method.  
1.5 This test method is arranged as follows:    
Subject  
Section  
Introduction  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Before Test Starts  
4.1  
Power Section Installation  
4.2  
Engine Operation (Break-in)  
4.3  
Engine Operation (Test/Samples)  
4.4  
Stripped Viscosity  
4.5  
Test Completion (BWL)  
4.6  
Significance and Use  
5  
Evaluation of Automotive oils  
5.1  
Stay in Grade Capabilities  
5.2  
Correlation of Results  
5.3  
Use  
5.4  
Apparatus  
6  
Test Engineering, Inc.  
6.1  
Fabricated or Specially Prepared Items  
6.2  
Instruments and Controls  
6.3  
Procurement of Parts  
6.4  
Reagents and Materials  
7  
Reagents  
7.1  
Cleaning Materials  
7.2  
Expendable Power Section-Related Items  
7.3  
Power Section Coolant  
7.4  
Reference Oils  
7.5  
Test Fuel  
7.6  
Test Oil Sample Requirements  
8  
Selection  
8.1  
Inspection  
8.2  
Quantity  
8.3  
Preparation of Apparatus  
9  
Test Stand Preparation  
9.1  
Conditioning Test Run on Power Section  
9.2  
General Power Section Rebuild Instructions  
9.3  
Reconditioning of Power Section Afte...

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2014
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.B0.01 - Passenger Car Engine Oils
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6709-13 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence VIII Spark-Ignition Engine (CLR Oil Test Engine)
Effective Date
01-May-2014
Replaced By
ASTM D6709-14a - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence VIII Spark-Ignition Engine (CLR Oil Test Engine)
Effective Date
01-Dec-2014
Referred By
ASTM D6022-19 - Standard Practice for Calculation of Permanent Shear Stability Index
Effective Date
01-May-2014
Referred By
ASTM D4485-22e1 - Standard Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
Effective Date
01-May-2014

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ASTM D6709-14 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence VIII Spark-Ignition Engine (CLR Oil Test Engine)ASTM D6709-14 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence VIII Spark-Ignition Engine (CLR Oil Test Engine)
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6709 − 14
StandardTest Method for
Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence VIII
1
Spark-Ignition Engine (CLR Oil Test Engine)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6709; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This test method can be used by any properly equipped laboratory without outside assistance.
2
However, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) offers a very valuable service to the test
laboratory; the Center provides reference oils and an assessment of the test results obtained on those
oils by the laboratory (see Appendix X1). By this means, the laboratory will know whether their use
of the test method gives results statistically similar to those obtained by other laboratories.
Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services in seeking
qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the American Petroleum Institute (API)
imposes such a requirement, in connection with several engine lubricating oil specifications.
Accordingly, this test method is written for use by laboratories that utilize the TMC services.
Laboratories that choose not to use those services may simply ignore those portions of the test method
that refer to the TMC.
This test method may be modified by means of Information Letters issued by theTMC. In addition,
the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to the test method (see Annex A3).
1. Scope* 1.2 Correlation of test results with those obtained in auto-
motive service has not been established. Furthermore, the
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of automotive
results obtained in this test are not necessarily indicative of
engine oils (SAE grades 0W, 5W, 10W, 20, 30, 40, and 50, and
results that will be obtained in a full-scale automotive spark-
multi-viscosity grades) intended for use in spark-ignition
ignition or compression-ignition engine, or in an engine
gasoline engines. The test procedure is conducted using a
operated under conditions different from those of the test. The
carbureted, spark-ignition Cooperative Lubrication Research
test can be used to compare one oil with another.
(CLR) Oil Test Engine (also referred to as the Sequence VIII
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
test engine in this test method) run on unleaded fuel. An oil is
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
evaluated for its ability to protect the engine and the oil from
standard.
deterioration under high-temperature and severe service con-
1.3.1 Exceptions—The values stated in inch-pounds for
ditions. The test method can also be used to evaluate the
certain tube measurements, screw thread specifications, and
viscosity stability of multi-viscosity-graded oils. Companion
sole source supply equipment are to be regarded as standard.
test methods used to evaluate engine oil performance for
specification requirements are discussed in the latest revision
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
of Specification D4485.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1 bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of tionary statements are provided throughout this test method.
Subcommittee D02.B0.01 on Passenger Car Engine Oils.
1.5 This test method is arranged as follows:
Current edition approved May 1, 2014. Published May 2014. Originally
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D6709 – 13. DOI: Subject Section
Introduction
10.1520/D6709-14.
2
Scope 1
Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center
Referenced Documents 2
will update changes in this test method by means of Information Letters. Informa-
Terminology 3
tion Letters may be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn
Summary of Test Method 4
Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15202-4489, Attention: Administrator. This edition incor-
Before Test Starts 4.1
porates revisions in all Information Letters through No. 13–1.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6709 − 14
Power Section Installation 4.2 APPENDIXES
Engine Operation (Brea
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6709 − 13 D6709 − 14
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence VIII
1
Spark-Ignition Engine (CLR Oil Test Engine)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6709; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This test method can be used by any properly equipped laboratory without outside assistance.
2
However, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) offers a very valuable service to the test
laboratory; the Center provides reference oils and an assessment of the test results obtained on those
oils by the laboratory (see Appendix X1). By this means, the laboratory will know whether their use
of the test method gives results statistically similar to those obtained by other laboratories.
Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services in seeking
qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the American Petroleum Institute (API)
imposes such a requirement, in connection with several engine lubricating oil specifications.
Accordingly, this test method is written for use by laboratories that utilize the TMC services.
Laboratories that choose not to use those services may simply ignore those portions of the test method
that refer to the TMC.
This test method may be modified by means of Information Letters issued by the TMC. In addition,
the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to the test method (see Annex A3).
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of automotive engine oils (SAE grades 0W, 5W, 10W, 20, 30, 40, and 50, and
multi-viscosity grades) intended for use in spark-ignition gasoline engines. The test procedure is conducted using a carbureted,
spark-ignition Cooperative Lubrication Research (CLR) Oil Test Engine (also referred to as the Sequence VIII test engine in this
test method) run on unleaded fuel. An oil is evaluated for its ability to protect the engine and the oil from deterioration under
high-temperature and severe service conditions. The test method can also be used to evaluate the viscosity stability of
multi-viscosity-graded oils. Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil performance for specification requirements are
discussed in the latest revision of Specification D4485.
1.2 Correlation of test results with those obtained in automotive service has not been established. Furthermore, the results
obtained in this test are not necessarily indicative of results that will be obtained in a full-scale automotive spark-ignition or
compression-ignition engine, or in an engine operated under conditions different from those of the test. The test can be used to
compare one oil with another.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3.1 Exceptions—The values stated in inch-pounds for certain tube measurements, screw thread specifications, and sole source
supply equipment are to be regarded as standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are provided throughout this test method.
1.5 This test method is arranged as follows:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.B0.01 on Passenger Car Engine Oils.
Current edition approved May 1, 2013May 1, 2014. Published May 2013May 2014. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 20112013 as
D6709 – 11.D6709 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/D6709-13.10.1520/D6709-14.
2
Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center will update changes in this test method by means of Information Letters. Information Letters
may be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15202-4489, Attention: Administrator. This edition incorporates revisions in all
Information Letters through No. 10-1.13–1.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International,
...

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1.4.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Sections 7, 8, and 9.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E2412-23a(Practice)
Standard Practice for Condition Monitoring of In-Service Lubricants by Trend Analysis Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Periodic sampling and analysis of lubricants have long been used as a means to determine overall machinery health. Atomic emission (AE) and atomic absorption (AA) spectroscopy are often employed for wear metal analysis (for example, Test Method D5185). A number of physical property tests complement wear metal analysis and are used to provide information on lubricant condition (for example, Test Methods D445, D2896, and D6304). Molecular analysis of lubricants and hydraulic fluids by FT-IR spectroscopy produces direct information on molecular species of interest, including additives, fluid breakdown products and external contaminants, and thus complements wear metal and other analyses used in a condition monitoring program (1, 2-6).
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the use of FT-IR in monitoring additive depletion, contaminant buildup and base stock degradation in machinery lubricants, hydraulic fluids and other fluids used in normal machinery operation. Contaminants monitored include water, soot, ethylene glycol, fuels and incorrect oil. Oxidation, nitration and sulfonation of base stocks are monitored as evidence of degradation. The objective of this monitoring activity is to diagnose the operational condition of the machine based on fault conditions observed in the oil. Measurement and data interpretation parameters are presented to allow operators of different FT-IR spectrometers to compare results by employing the same techniques.  
1.2 This practice is based on trending and distribution response analysis from mid-infrared absorption measurements. While calibration to generate physical concentration units may be possible, it is unnecessary or impractical in many cases. Warning or alarm limits (the point where maintenance action on a machine being monitored is recommended or required) can be determined through statistical analysis, history of the same or similar equipment, round robin tests or other methods in conjunction with correlation to equipment performance. These warning or alarm limits can be a fixed maximum or minimum value for comparison to a single measurement or can also be based on a rate of change of the response measured (1) .2 This practice describes distributions but does not preclude using rate-of-change warnings and alarms.
Note 1: It is not the intent of this practice to establish or recommend normal, cautionary, warning or alert limits for any machinery. Such limits should be established in conjunction with advice and guidance from the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group.  
1.3 Spectra and distribution profiles presented herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as representing or establishing lubricant or machinery guidelines.  
1.4 This practice is designed as a fast, simple spectroscopic check for condition monitoring of in-service lubricants and can be used to assist in the determination of general machinery health through measurement of properties observable in the mid-infrared spectrum such as water, oil oxidation, and others as noted in 1.1. The infrared data generated by this practice is typically used in conjunction with other testing methods. For example, infrared spectroscopy cannot determine wear metal levels or any other type of elemental analysis. The practice as presented is not intended for the prediction of lubricant physical properties (for example, viscosity, total base number, total acid number, etc.). This practice is designed for monitoring in-service lubricants and can aid in the determination of general machinery health and is not designed for the analysis of lubricant composition, lubricant performance or additive package formulations.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of t...

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ASTM
ASTM D7216-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Automotive Engine Oil Compatibility with Typical Seal Elastomers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some engine oil formulations have been shown to lack compatibility with certain elastomers used for seals in automotive engines. These deleterious effects on the elastomer are greatest with new engine oils (that is, oils that have not been exposed to an engine’s operating environment) and when the exposure is at elevated temperatures.  
5.2 This test method requires that non-reference oil(s) be tested in parallel with a reference oil known to be aggressive for some parameters under service conditions. This relative  compatibility permits decisions on the anticipated or predicted performance of the non-reference oil in service.  
5.3 Elastomer materials can show significant variation in physical properties, not only from batch to batch but also within a sheet and from sheet to sheet. Results obtained with the reference oil are submitted by the test laboratories to the TMC to allow it to update continually the total and within-laboratory standard deviation estimates. These estimates, therefore, incorporate effects of variations in the properties of the reference elastomers on the test variability.  
5.4 This test method is suitable for specification compliance testing, quality control, referee testing, and research and development.  
5.5 The reference elastomers, reference oil, and the physical properties involved in this test method address the specific requirements of engine oils. Although other tests exist for compatibility of elastomers with liquids, these are considered too generalized for engine oils.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers quantitative procedures for the evaluation of the compatibility of automotive engine oils with several reference elastomers typical of those used in the sealing materials in contact with these oils. Compatibility is evaluated by determining the changes in volume, Durometer A hardness, and tensile properties when the elastomer specimens are immersed in the oil for a specified time and temperature.  
1.2 Effective sealing action requires that the physical properties of elastomers used for any seal have a high level of resistance to the liquid or oil in which they are immersed. When such a high level of resistance exists, the elastomer is said to be compatible with the liquid or oil.
Note 1: The user of this test method should be proficient in the use of Test Methods D412 (tensile properties), D471 (effect of rubber immersion in liquids), D2240 (Durometer hardness), and D5662 (gear oil compatibility with typical oil seal elastomers), all of which are involved in the execution of the operations of this test method.  
1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first order evaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because seals might be subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and they can operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluation of the potential sealing performance of any elastomer-oil combination in any service condition usually requires tests additional to those described in this test method.  
1.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specified in this test method were chosen to be representative of those used in both heavy-duty diesel engines (detailed in Annex A1) and passenger-car spark-ignition engines (the latter are covered in Annex A2). The procedures described in this test method can, however, also be used to evaluate the compatibility of automotive engine oils with different elastomer types/formulations or different test durations and temperatures to those employed in this test method.
Note 2: In such cases, the precision and bias statement in Section 12 does not apply. In addition to agreeing acceptable limits of precision, where relevant, the user and supplier should also agree:  (1) test temperatures and immersion times to be used; (2) the formulations and typical properties of the elastomers; and (3) the sourcing and quality control of the elastomer sheets.
Note 3: The TMC may also issue In...

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ASTM
ASTM D7922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Glycol for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some glycol/antifreeze dilution of in-service engine oil is normal under typical operating conditions. However, excessive glycol dilution can lead to decreased performance, premature wear, or sudden engine failure. This test method provides a means of quantifying the level of glycol based antifreeze dilution, allowing the user to take necessary action.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of glycol based antifreeze for in-service engine oil by derivative headspace/gas chromatography.  
1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7918-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Flow Properties and Evaluation of Wear, Contaminants, and Oxidative Properties of Lubricating Grease by Die Extrusion Method and Preparation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Trending the wear, contamination, consistency, and oxidative properties of a lubricating grease is a crucial part of condition-monitoring programs. Changes in these properties or deviations from the new grease can be indicative of problems within the lubricated component, such as the mixing of incompatible thickener types, excessive wear or contaminant levels, or significant depletion of antioxidant levels. These test methods also makes it possible to develop trends that can be used to predict failures before they occur and allow for corrective action to be taken.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination and evaluation of flow properties, wear levels, contaminants, and oxidative condition of new and in-service lubricating grease.  
1.2 This test method provides guidance on evaluating in-service grease samples, NLGI grades 00 to 3, for wear, consistency, contamination, and oxidation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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