ASTM D1447-07e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Length and Length Uniformity of Cotton Fibers by Photoelectric Measurement
Standard Test Method for Length and Length Uniformity of Cotton Fibers by Photoelectric Measurement
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing when the levels of the laboratories are controlled by the use of the same reference standard cotton samples because the current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable under these conditions. If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, ensure the test samples to be used are as homogeneous as possible, are drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The test from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
Fibrograph measurements provide a relatively fast method for determining the length and length uniformity of the fibers in a sample of cotton in a reproducible manner.
Results of the Fibrograph length tests do not necessarily agree with those obtained by other methods for measuring lengths of cotton fibers because of the effect of fiber crimp and other factors.
Fibrograph tests are more objective than commercial staple length classifications and also provide additional information on fiber length uniformity of cotton fibers. The cotton quality information provided by these results is used in research studies and quality surveys, in checking commercial staple length classifications, in assembling bales of cotton into uniform lots, and for other purposes.
Fibrograph measurements are based on the assumptions that a fiber is caught randomly along its length.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the length and length uniformity of cotton fibers by use of photoelectric measurement. The test method is applicable to fibers taken from raw or partially processed cotton (up to card mat) or some types of cotton waste, but not to fibers from blends of cotton with other fibers or to fibers recovered from cotton yarns, fabrics or to 100 % systhetic fibers.
1.2 This test method is especially adapted for determining the length and length uniformity of cotton fibers by models of the Digital Fibrograph, hereafter referred to as Fibrograph.
Note 1—Instructions for the use of Manual and Servo Fibrograph Models were included in the text of Test Method D 1447 in 1971 and previous editions.
Note 2—For other methods covering the measurement of the length of cotton fibers refer to Test Method D 1440.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D1447–07
Standard Test Method for
Length and Length Uniformity of Cotton Fibers by
1
Photoelectric Measurement
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1447; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Updated research report information in Footnote 4 editorially in June 2009.
1. Scope D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D3025 Practice for Standardizing Cotton Fiber Test Results
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the length
by Use of Calibration Cotton Standards
and length uniformity of cotton fibers by use of photoelectric
D7139 Terminology for Cotton Fibers
measurement. The test method is applicable to fibers taken
fromraworpartiallyprocessedcotton(uptocardmat)orsome
3. Terminology
types of cotton waste, but not to fibers from blends of cotton
3.1 For all terminology related to D13.11, refer to Termi-
with other fibers or to fibers recovered from cotton yarns,
nology D7139.
fabrics or to 100 % synthetic fibers.
3.1.1 amount, n—in cotton length testing with the Fibro-
1.2 This test method is especially adapted for determining
graph, a measure of the thickness, or optical density, of the test
the length and length uniformity of cotton fibers by models of
beard, proportional to the number of fibers present at various
the Digital Fibrograph, hereafter referred to as Fibrograph.
distances from the comb(s).
NOTE 1—Instructions for the use of Manual and Servo Fibrograph
3.1.2 fibrogram, n—in cotton length testing with the Fibro-
Models were included in the text of Test Method D1447 in 1971 and
graph, the curve representing the second cumulation of the
previous editions.
length distribution of the fibers sensed by the length measuring
NOTE 2—For other methods covering the measurement of the length of
instrument in scanning the fiber board.
cotton fibers refer to Test Method D1440.
3.1.3 mean length, n—in testing of cotton fibers,theaverage
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
length of all the fibers in the test specimen based on mass-
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
length data.
standard.
3.1.4 span length (Fibrograph), n—the distance spanned by
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
a specified percentage of the fibers in the test beard, taking the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
amount reading at the starting point of the scanning as 100 %.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.5 test beard, n—in length testing of cotton, the portion
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
of the test specimen that has been combed and brushed into a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
“beard” which protrudes from the outside of the comb(s) or the
clamp(s).
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.6 test specimen (Fibrograph), n—the cotton fibers
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
placed randomly on a Fibrograph comb(s) for fiber length
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
measurements.
D1440 Test Method for Length and Length Distribution of
3.1.7 uniformity index, n—in cotton length testing with the
Cotton Fibers (Array Method)
Fibrograph, the ratio between two span lengths expressed as a
D1441 Practice for Sampling Cotton Fibers for Testing
percentage of the longer length.
3.1.8 uniformity ratio, n—in cotton length testing with the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles Fibrograph, the ratio between two span lengths expressed as a
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.11 on Cotton Fibers.
percentage of the longer length.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally
3.1.8.1 Discussion—Various span lengths and measures of
approved in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D1447 – 00. DOI:
length uniformity may be calculated from the results of the
10.1520/D1447-07E01.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
measured points, but the 2.5 and 50 % span lengths and the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
50/2.5 uniformity ratio are usually used.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D1447–07
FIG. 1 Digital Fibrograph, Model 730
3.1.9 upper-half-mean length, n—in fiber length testing of 4.2 The Fibrograph shows the amount and the length
cotton, the m
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:D1447–00 Designation:D1447–07
Standard Test Method for
Length and Length Uniformity of Cotton Fibers by
1
FibrographPhotoelectric Measurement
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1447; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Updated research report information in Footnote 4 editorially in June 2009.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the length and length uniformity of cotton fibers by use of the
Fibrograph.photoelectric measurement. The test method is applicable to fibers taken from raw or partially processed cotton (up to
card mat) or some types of cotton waste, but not to fibers from blends of cotton with other fibers or to fibers recovered from cotton
yarns, fabrics or fabrics. to 100 % systhetic fibers.
1.2 This test method covers procedures is especially adapted for alldetermining the length and length uniformity of cotton fibers
by models of the Digital Fibrograph, hereafter referred to as Fibrograph.
NOTE 1—Instructions for the use of Manual and Servo Fibrograph Models were included in the text of Test Method D 1447 in 1971 and previous
editions.
NOTE 2—For other methods covering the measurement of the length of cotton fibers refer to Test Method D 1440.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D 1440 Test Method for Length and Length Distribution of Cotton Fibers (Array Method)
2
D 1441 Practice for Sampling Cotton Fibers for Testing
2
D1776Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles Practice for Sampling Cotton Fibers for Testing
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
2
D 3025 PracticeforStandardizingCottonFiberTestResultsbyUseofCalibrationCottonStandards PracticeforStandardizing
Cotton Fiber Test Results by Use of Calibration Cotton Standards
D 7139 Terminology for Cotton Fibers
3. Terminology
3.1Definitions:
3.1 For all terminology related to D13.11, refer to Terminology D 7139.
3.1.1 amount, n—cotton length testing with the Fibrographamount, n—in cotton length testing with the Fibrograph, a measure
of the thickness, or optical density, of the test beard, proportional to the number of fibers present at various distances from the
comb(s).
3.1.2 fibrogram, n—in cotton length testing with the Fibrograph, the curve representing the second cumulation of the length
distribution of the fibers sensed by the length measuring instrument in scanning the fiber board.
3.1.3 mean length, n—in testing of cotton fibers, the average length of all the fibers in the test specimen based on mass-length
data.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles,Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.11 on Cotton Fibers.
´1
Current edition approved November 10, 2000. Published February 2001. Originally published as D1447–55. Last previous edition D1447–89 (Reapproved 1994) .
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally approved in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 1447 – 00.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
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D1447–07
3.1.4 span length (Fibrograph), n—the distance spanned by a specified percentage of the fibers in the test beard, taking the
amount reading at the starting point of the scanning as 100 %.
3.1.4
3.1.5 test beard, n—in length testing of cotton,theportionofthetestspecimenthathasbeencombedandbrushedintoa“beard”
which protrudes from the outside of the comb(s) or the clamp(s).
3.1.5
3.1.6 test s
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