ASTM D1480-07
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Bingham Pycnometer
Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Bingham Pycnometer
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Density is a fundamental physical property that can be used in conjunction with other properties to characterize both the light and heavy fractions of petroleum and to assess the quality of crude oils.
Determination of the density or relative density of petroleum and its products is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes at the standard temperatures of 15°C.
The determination of densities at the elevated temperatures of 40 and 100°C is particularly useful in providing the data needed for the conversion of kinematic viscosities in centistokes (mm2/s) to the corresponding dynamic viscosities in centipoises (mPa·s).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for the measurement of the density of materials which are fluid at the desired test temperature. Its application is restricted to liquids of vapor pressures below 600 mm Hg (80 kPa) and viscosities below 40 000 cSt (mm2/s) at the test temperature. The method is designed for use at any temperature between 20 and 100°C. It can be used at higher temperatures; however, in this case the precision section does not apply.
Note 1—For the determination of density of materials which are fluid at normal temperatures, see Test Method D 1217.
1.2 This test method provides a calculation procedure for converting density to specific gravity.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D1480 −07
StandardTest Method for
Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Viscous
1
Materials by Bingham Pycnometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1480; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3.1.2 relative density (specific gravity)—the ratio of the
mass (weight in a vacuum) of a given volume of material at a
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for the mea-
temperature, t , to the mass of an equal volume of water at a
1
surement of the density of materials which are fluid at the
reference temperature, t ; or it is the ratio of the density of the
2
desired test temperature. Its application is restricted to liquids
material at t to the density of water at t . When the reference
1 2
of vapor pressures below 600 mm Hg (80 kPa) and viscosities
2 temperature is 4°C (the temperature at which the relative
below 40 000 cSt (mm /s) at the test temperature.The method
densityofwaterisunity),relativedensity(specificgravity)and
is designed for use at any temperature between 20 and 100°C.
density are numerically equal.
It can be used at higher temperatures; however, in this case the
precision section does not apply.
4. Summary of Test Method
NOTE 1—For the determination of density of materials which are fluid
4.1 The liquid sample is introduced into the pycnometer,
at normal temperatures, see Test Method D1217.
equilibrated to the desired temperature, and weighed. The
1.2 This test method provides a calculation procedure for
density or specific gravity is then calculated from this weight
converting density to specific gravity.
and the previously determined calibration factor, and a correc-
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as tion is applied for the buoyancy of air.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
5. Significance and Use
standard.
5.1 Density is a fundamental physical property that can be
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the used in conjunction with other properties to characterize both
the light and heavy fractions of petroleum and to assess the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- quality of crude oils.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.2 Determination of the density or relative density of
petroleum and its products is necessary for the conversion of
2. Referenced Documents
measured volumes to volumes at the standard temperatures of
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
15°C.
D1217Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Spe-
5.3 The determination of densities at the elevated tempera-
cific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer
tures of 40 and 100°C is particularly useful in providing the
E1Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
data needed for the conversion of kinematic viscosities in
2
3. Terminology centistokes (mm /s) to the corresponding dynamic viscosities
in centipoises (mPa·s).
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 density—the weight in a vacuum (that is, the mass) of
6. Apparatus
a unit volume of the material at any given temperature.
3
6.1 Pycnometer, Bingham-type of 10-mL capacity (as
4
shown in Fig. 1), constructed of heat-resistant glass.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
NOTE2—Pycnometershavingcapacitiesof2to25mLareavailablebut
D02.04.0D on Physical and Chemical Methods.
have not been cooperatively evaluated.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally
´1
approved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D1480–02 . DOI:
10.1520/D1480-07.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or There is more than one supplier. If you cannot find a supplier, then contact
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Subcommittee D02.04.0D on Physical and Chemical Methods for possible suppli-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on ers.
4
the ASTM website. Borosilicate glass has been found satisfactory for this purpose.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D1480−07
FIG. 1 Bingham-Type Pycnometer
6.2 Constant-Temperature Bath, provided with suitable py-
cnometer holders and means for
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
e1
Designation:D1480–02 Designation: D 1480 – 07
Standard Test Method for
Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Viscous
1
Materials by Bingham Pycnometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1480; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
e NOTE—Original footnote 4 was deleted editorially in June 2006, since there is no longer a sole supplier of the pycnometer.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method describescovers two procedures for the measurement of the density of materials which are fluid at the
desiredtesttemperature.Itsapplicationisrestrictedtoliquidsofvaporpressuresbelow600mmHg(80kPa)andviscositiesbelow
2
40 000 cSt (mm /s) at the test temperature. The method is designed for use at any temperature between 20 and 100°C. It can be
used at higher temperatures; however, in this case the precision section does not apply.
NOTE 1—For the determination of density of materials which are fluid at normal temperatures, see Test Method D1217.
1.2 This test method provides a calculation procedure for converting density to specific gravity.
1.3The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements see Note 1 and Note 2.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1217Practice for Classification of Computed Radiology Systems Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific
Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer
E1Practice for Classification of Computed Radiology Systems Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 density—the weight in a vacuum (that is, the mass) of a unit volume of the material at any given temperature.
3.1.2 relative density (specific gravity)—the ratio of the mass (weight in a vacuum) of a given volume of material at a
temperature, t ,tothemassofanequalvolumeofwateratareferencetemperature, t ;oritistheratioofthedensityofthematerial
1 2
at t to the density of water at t . When the reference temperature is 4°C (the temperature at which the relative density of water
1 2
is unity), relative density (specific gravity) and density are numerically equal.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The liquid sample is introduced into the pycnometer, equilibrated to the desired temperature, and weighed. The density or
specificgravityisthencalculatedfromthisweightandthepreviouslydeterminedcalibrationfactor,andacorrection is applied for
the buoyancy of air.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Density is a fundamental physical property that can be used in conjunction with other properties to characterize both the
light and heavy fractions of petroleum and to assess the quality of crude oils.
5.2 Determination of the density or relative density of petroleum and its products is necessary for the conversion of measured
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.04.0D
on Physical and Chemical Methods.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2002. Published January 2003. Originally approved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D1480–93(1997).
e1
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally approved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D1480–02 .
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1480–07
volumes to volumes at the standard temperatures of 15°C.
5.3 The determination of densities at the elevated temp
...
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