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ASTM D3238-22a

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Calculation of Carbon Distribution and Structural Group Analysis of Petroleum Oils by the n-d-M Method

Standard Test Method for Calculation of Carbon Distribution and Structural Group Analysis of Petroleum Oils by the n-d-M Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The carbon distribution and ring content serve to express the gross composition of the heavier fractions of petroleum. These data can be used as an adjunct to the bulk properties in monitoring the manufacture of lubricating oil base stocks by distillation, solvent refining or hydrogenation, or both, and in comparing the composition of stocks from different crude sources. Furthermore, the data can often be correlated with critical product performance properties.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the calculation of the carbon distribution and ring content (Note 1) of olefin-free petroleum oils from measurements of refractive index, density, and molecular weight (n-d-M).2 This test method should not be applied to oils whose compositions are outside the following ranges:  
1.1.1 In terms of carbon distribution—up to 75 % carbon atoms in ring structure; percentage in aromatic rings not larger than 1.5 times the percentage in naphthenic rings.  
1.1.2 In terms of ring content—up to four rings per molecule with not more than half of them aromatic. A correction must be applied for oils containing significant quantities of sulfur.  
Note 1: The composition of complex petroleum fractions is often expressed in terms of the proportions of aromatic rings (RA), naphthene rings (RN), and paraffin chains (CP) that would comprise a hypothetical mean molecule. Alternatively, the composition may be expressed in terms of a carbon distribution, that is, the percentage of the total number of carbon atoms that are present in aromatic ring structures (% CA), naphthene ring structures (% CN), and paraffin chains (% Cp).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.2.1 Exception—The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Oct-2022
ICS
75.080 - Petroleum products in general
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.04.0K - Correlative Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

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REDLINE ASTM D3238-22a - Standard Test Method for Calculation of Carbon Distribution and Structural Group Analysis of Petroleum Oils by the n-d-M MethodREDLINE ASTM D3238-22a - Standard Test Method for Calculation of Carbon Distribution and Structural Group Analysis of Petroleum Oils by the n-d-M Method
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D3238 − 22a
Standard Test Method for
Calculation of Carbon Distribution and Structural Group
1
Analysis of Petroleum Oils by the n-d-M Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3238; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
3
1.1 This test method covers the calculation of the carbon 2.1 ASTM Standards:
distribution and ring content (Note 1) of olefin-free petroleum D1218 Test Method for Refractive Index and Refractive
oils from measurements of refractive index, density, and Dispersion of Hydrocarbon Liquids
2
molecular weight (n-d-M). This test method should not be D1480 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Spe-
applied to oils whose compositions are outside the following cific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Bingham Pycnom-
ranges: eter
1.1.1 In terms of carbon distribution—up to 75 % carbon D1481 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Spe-
atoms in ring structure; percentage in aromatic rings not larger cific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Lipkin Bicapillary
than 1.5 times the percentage in naphthenic rings. Pycnometer
1.1.2 In terms of ring content—uptofourringspermolecule D1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
with not more than half of them aromatic.Acorrection must be High Temperature Combustion and Infrared (IR) Detec-
applied for oils containing significant quantities of sulfur. tion or Thermal Conductivity Detection (TCD)
D2502 Test Method for Estimation of Mean Relative Mo-
NOTE 1—The composition of complex petroleum fractions is often
lecular Mass of Petroleum Oils from Viscosity Measure-
expressed in terms of the proportions of aromatic rings (R ), naphthene
A
ments
rings (R ), and paraffin chains (C ) that would comprise a hypothetical
N P
mean molecule.Alternatively, the composition may be expressed in terms
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
of a carbon distribution, that is, the percentage of the total number of
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
carbon atoms that are present in aromatic ring structures (% C ),
A
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
naphthene ring structures (% C ), and paraffin chains (% C ).
N p
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
standard.
Fuels, and Lubricants
1.2.1 Exception—Thevaluesinparenthesesareforinforma-
D4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum
tion only.
Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
trometry
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3. Terminology
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1 Definitions:
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
to Terminology D4175.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.2.1 solvent refining, n—in lubricant manufacture, a manu-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
facturing process for the removal of most of the ring structures
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
and aromatics from heavy distillates by liquid extraction.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Common and suitable solvents for ex-
traction are phenol, furfural and sulfur disoxide. Furfural is
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
used as the extractant for the manufacture of paraffinic oils.
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.04.0K on Correlative Methods.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2022. Published December 2022. Originally
3
approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2022 as D3238 – 22. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/D3238-22A. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
Van Nes, K., and van Westen, H. A., Aspects of the Constitution of Mineral Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Docum
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3238 − 22 D3238 − 22a
Standard Test Method for
Calculation of Carbon Distribution and Structural Group
1
Analysis of Petroleum Oils by the n-d-M Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3238; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the calculation of the carbon distribution and ring content (Note 1) of olefin-free petroleum oils from
2
measurements of refractive index, density, and molecular weight (n-d-M). This test method should not be applied to oils whose
compositions are outside the following ranges:
1.1.1 In terms of carbon distribution—up to 75 % carbon atoms in ring structure; percentage in aromatic rings not larger than 1.5
times the percentage in naphthenic rings.
1.1.2 In terms of ring content—up to four rings per molecule with not more than half of them aromatic. A correction must be
applied for oils containing significant quantities of sulfur.
NOTE 1—The composition of complex petroleum fractions is often expressed in terms of the proportions of aromatic rings (R ), naphthene rings (R ),
A N
and paraffin chains (C ) that would comprise a hypothetical mean molecule. Alternatively, the composition may be expressed in terms of a carbon
P
distribution, that is, the percentage of the total number of carbon atoms that are present in aromatic ring structures (% C ), naphthene ring structures (%
A
C ), and paraffin chains (% C ).
N p
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.2.1 Exception—The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1218 Test Method for Refractive Index and Refractive Dispersion of Hydrocarbon Liquids
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.04.0K on Correlative Methods.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2022Nov. 1, 2022. Published October 2022December 2022. Originally approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 20172022
as D3238 – 17a.D3238 – 22. DOI: 10.1520/D3238-22.10.1520/D3238-22A.
2
Van Nes, K., and van Westen, H. A., Aspects of the Constitution of Mineral Oils, Elsevier, New York, 1951.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3238 − 22a
D1480 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Bingham Pycnometer
D1481 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Lipkin Bicapillary Pycnometer
D1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by High Temperature Combustion and Infrared (IR) Detection or Thermal
Conductivity Detection (TCD)
D2502 Test Method for Estimation of Mean Relative Molecular Mass of Petroleum Oils from Viscosity Measurements
D2503 Test Method for Relative Molecular Mass (Molecular Weight) of Hydrocarbons by Thermoelectric Measurement of
4
Vapor Pressure (Withdrawn 2022)
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricant
...

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5.2 Aromatics in gasoline are soon to be limited by federal mandate. This test method can be used to provide such information.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of paraffins, naphthenes, and aromatics by carbon number in low olefinic hydrocarbon streams having final boiling points of 200 °C or less. Hydrocarbons with boiling points greater than 200 °C and less than 270 °C are reported as a single group. Olefins, if present, are hydrogenated and the resultant saturates are included in the paraffin and naphthene distribution. Aromatics boiling at C9 and above are reported as a single aromatic group.  
1.2 This test method is not intended to determine individual components except for benzene and toluene that are the only C6 and C7 aromatics, respectively, and cyclopentane that is the only C5 naphthene. The lower limit of detection for a single hydrocarbon component or group is 0.05 % by mass.  
1.3 This test method is applicable to hydrocarbon mixtures including virgin, catalytically converted, thermally converted, alkylated and blended naphtha.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4.1 The abbreviation for SI unit “coulomb” is “C”.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8 and Table 1.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2500-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 For petroleum products and biodiesel fuels, cloud point of a petroleum product is an index of the lowest temperature of their utility for certain applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers only petroleum products and biodiesel fuels that are transparent in layers 40 mm in thickness, and with a cloud point below 49 °C.
Note 1: The interlaboratory program consisted of petroleum products of Test Method D1500 color of 3.5 and lower. The precisions stated in this test method may not apply to samples with ASTM color higher than 3.5.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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