ASTM D5681-98a
(Terminology)Standard Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
Standard Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology contains standard definitions of terms used in the general area of waste and waste management. It is intended to promote understanding by providing precise technical definitions of terms used in the standards developed by Committee D-34 and its subcommittees.
1.2 Because of the breadth of the subject of waste and waste management, only standard terms generally applicable to the overall subject or that are common to two or more subcategories are included in this terminology.
1.3 For terms of individual subcategories (such as sampling, waste characterization, land management, thermal treatment, etc.) within the general subject of waste and waste management, see the applicable specialized standard terminology listed in Section 2.
1.4 Terms used only within an individual standard, and having a meaning unique to that standard, may be defined or explained in the terminology section of that individual standard.
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Designation: D 5681 – 98a
Standard Terminology for
Waste and Waste Management
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5681; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ash n—the residue remaining after ignition of a substance as
determined by definite prescribed methods.
1.1 This terminology contains standard definitions of terms
used in the general area of waste and waste management. It is
DISCUSSION—Ash may not be identical in composition or quantity
intended to promote understanding by providing precise tech-
with the inorganic substances present in the analysis sample before
ignition.
nical definitions of terms used in the standards developed by
Committee D-34 and its subcommittees.
calorimeter jacket, n—the insulating medium surrounding a
1.2 Terms used only within an individual standard, and
calorimeter.
having a meaning unique to that standard, may be defined or
calorific value, n—the heat produced by combustion of a unit
explained in the terminology section of that individual stan-
quantity of a specimen under specified conditions.
dard.
characteristic product size, n—the screen size corresponding
to 63.2 % cumulative passing by mass.
2. Referenced Documents
combustibles, n—the portion of a sample which is consumed
2.1 ASTM Standards:
by oxidation upon ignition and exclusive of the moisture
E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
present in the sample.
ASTM Test Methods
corrected temperature rise, n—the increase in temperature of
E 456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
the calorimeter caused by the process that occurs inside the
bomb; the observed temperature change corrected for vari-
3. Terminology
ous effects.
accepts, n—the output stream from a materials separation
dispose, v—to discard, abandon, or manage as waste.
device that contains the highest concentration (purity) of the
dry ash-free basis, n—test data calculated to a theoretical base
components that the device is designed to separate.
of no moisture or ash associated with the sample.
adiabatic calorimeter, n—a calorimeter that has a jacket
dry basis, n—test data calculated to a theoretical base of no
temperature adjusted to follow the calorimeter temperature
moisture associated with the sample.
as closely as possible so as to maintain zero thermal head.
duplicate analysis,n—paired determinations on the same
analysis sample, n—the final subsample prepared from the
sample performed by one analyst at essentially the same
air-dried laboratory sample but reduced in particle size by
time.
passing through a mill with a 0.5 mm (0.02–in.) size or
energy equivalent, n—the energy required to raise the tem-
smaller final screen.
perature of a calorimeter system 1°C (or 1°F) per gram of
as-determined basis, n—analytical data obtained from an
sample.
analysis sample after conditioning and preparation which
fill material, n—material used in the construction of a struc-
represent the numerical values obtained at the particular
tural fill.
moisture and ash level in the sample at the time of analysis.
fixed carbon, n—the ash-free carbonous material that remains
as-received basis, n—test data calculated to the condition of
after volatile matter is driven off during the proximate
the sample as it arrived in the laboratory and before any
analysis of a dry sample.
laboratory processing or conditioning.
flint glass cullet, n—a particulate glass material that contains
no more than 0.1 mass percent Fe O , or 0.0015 mass
2 3
percent Cr O , as determined by chemical analysis.
2 3
fluid temperature, FT, n—in ash fusion determinations, the
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-34 on Waste
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.94 on Terminol-
temperature at which a fused mass has spread out in a nearly
ogy.
flat layer with maximum height of 1.6 mm (1/16 in.).
Current edition approved June 10, 1998. Published December 1998. Originally
gross calorific value, (gross heat of combustion), Q (gross),
published as D 5681–95. Last previous edition D 5681–98. v
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. n—the heat produced by combustion of unit quantity of a
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D 5681
solid or liquid specimen when burned at constant volume in where waste is treated, stored, of disposed as part of an
an oxygen bomb calorimeter under specified conditions with on-going operation.
the resulting water condensed to a liquid. optimum concentration range, n—in analysis of trace metals,
gross sample n—a sample representing one lot, normally a range, defined by limits expressed in concentration, below
composed of a number of increments, on which neither which scale expansion must be used and above which curve
reduction nor division has been preformed. correction should be considered.
heat capacity, n—the quantity of heat required to raise a polynary separator, n—a device that separates a single input
system one degree in temperature either at constant volume feed stream into three or more output product streams.
or constant pressure. proximate analysis, n—the determination, by prescribed
heat capacity (energy equivalent, or water equivalent), methods, of moisture, volatile matter, fixed carbon (by
n—the energy required to raise the temperature of a calo- difference), and ash.
rimeter one arbitrary unit; the quantity that when multiplied
DISCUSSION—Unless otherwise specified, the term proximate analysis
by the corrected temperature rise, then adjusted for extrane-
does not include determinations of chemical elements or any determi-
ous heat effects and divided by the mass of the sample, gives
nations other than those named.
the gross calorific value.
recovery, percent, n—the amount of a material actually
hemispherical temperature, HT, n—the temperature at
recovered by an assay using a prescribed procedure, or
which a pyrometric cone has fused down to a hemispherical
obtained from a process, as a percentage of the as-received
lump where the height is one half the width of the base.
material.
higher heating value, HHV, n—a synonym for gross calorific
respiration rate, n—in an microbial aqueous system, the
value.
quantitative consumption of oxygen, generally expressed as
incineration, n—controlled burning of waste products or other
mg O /L/h.
combustible material.
retainer basket, n—in sampling, a one-way gate on a sam-
incinerator, n—a device constructed for the purpose of
pling device that minimizes loss of sample when retrieving
containing a material for thermal oxidation.
a sampler; a
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