ASTM D6081-98(2009)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Lubricants: Sample Preparation and Results Interpretation
Standard Practice for Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Lubricants: Sample Preparation and Results Interpretation
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice gives techniques to use in the preparation of lubricants or lubricant components for acute or chronic aquatic toxicity tests. Most lubricants and lubricant components are difficult to evaluate in toxicity tests because they are mixtures of chemical compounds with varying and usually poor solubility in water. Lubricants or lubricant component mixtures should not be added directly to aquatic systems for toxicity testing because the details of the addition procedure will have a large effect on the results of the toxicity test. Use of the techniques described in this practice will produce well-characterized test systems that will lead to tests with meaningful and reproducible results.
The toxicity of mixtures of poorly soluble components cannot be expressed in the usual terms of lethal concentration (or the similar terms of effect concentration or inhibition concentration) because the mixtures may not be completely soluble at treat levels that lead to toxic effects. The test material preparation techniques given in this practice lead to test results expressed in terms of loading rate, which is a practical and meaningful concept for expressing the toxicity of this type of material.
One of the recommended methods of material preparation for lubricants or their components is the mechanical dispersion technique. This particular technique generates turbulence, and thus, it should not be used for poorly swimming organisms.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures to be used in the preparation of lubricants or their components for toxicity testing in aquatic systems and in the interpretation of the results of such tests.
1.2 This practice is suitable for use on fully-formulated lubricants or their components that are not completely soluble at the intended test treat rates. It is also suitable for use with additives, if the additive is tested after being blended into a carrier fluid at the approximate concentration as in the intended fully formulated lubricant. The carrier fluid shall meet the above solubility criterion, be known to be minimally toxic in the toxicity test in which the material will be tested, and be known to have a chemical composition similar to the rest of the intended fully formulated lubricant.
1.3 Samples prepared in accordance with this practice may be used in acute or chronic aquatic toxicity tests conducted in fresh water or salt water with fish, large invertebrates, or algae. This practice does not address preparation of samples for plant toxicity testing other than algae.
1.4 Standard acute and chronic aquatic toxicity procedures are more appropriate for lubricants with compositions that are completely soluble at the intended test treat rates (1, 2, 3, 4, 5).
1.5 This practice is intended for use with lubricants or lubricant components of any volatility.
1.6 This practice does not address any questions regarding the effects of any lubricant or lubricant component on human health.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: D6081 − 98(Reapproved 2009)
Standard Practice for
Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Lubricants: Sample Preparation
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and Results Interpretation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6081; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This practice covers procedures to be used in the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
preparation of lubricants or their components for toxicity
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
testinginaquaticsystemsandintheinterpretationoftheresults
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
of such tests.
2. Referenced Documents
1.2 This practice is suitable for use on fully-formulated
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lubricants or their components that are not completely soluble
2.1 ASTM Standards:
at the intended test treat rates. It is also suitable for use with
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
additives, if the additive is tested after being blended into a
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
carrierfluidattheapproximateconcentrationasintheintended
E729 Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on Test
fully formulated lubricant. The carrier fluid shall meet the
Materials with Fishes, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphib-
above solubility criterion, be known to be minimally toxic in
ians
the toxicity test in which the material will be tested, and be
E943 Terminology Relating to Biological Effects and Envi-
knowntohaveachemicalcompositionsimilartotherestofthe
ronmental Fate
intended fully formulated lubricant.
3. Terminology
1.3 Samples prepared in accordance with this practice may
3.1 Definitions:
be used in acute or chronic aquatic toxicity tests conducted in
3.1.1 acute toxicity test, n—a comparative toxicity test in
fresh water or salt water with fish, large invertebrates, or algae.
which a representative subpopulation of organisms is exposed
This practice does not address preparation of samples for plant
to different treat rates of a test material and is observed for a
toxicity testing other than algae.
short period, usually not constituting a substantial portion of
1.4 Standard acute and chronic aquatic toxicity procedures
their life span.
are more appropriate for lubricants with compositions that are
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3.1.2 chronic toxicity test, n—a comparative toxicity test in
completelysolubleattheintendedtesttreatrates (1, 2, 3, 4, 5).
which a representative subpopulation of organisms is exposed
1.5 This practice is intended for use with lubricants or
to different treat rates of a test material and is observed for a
lubricant components of any volatility.
periodoftimethatconstitutesamajorportionoftheirlifespan.
1.6 This practice does not address any questions regarding
3.1.3 ecotoxicity, n—propensityofatestmaterialtoproduce
the effects of any lubricant or lubricant component on human
adverse behavioral, biochemical, or physiological effects in
health.
non-human organisms or populations.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as 3.1.4 effect load XX (ELXX), n—astatisticallyorgraphically
estimated loading rate of test material that is expected to cause
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard. one or more specified effects in XX % of a representative
subpopulation of organisms under specified conditions.
3.1.4.1 Discussion—This terminology should be used in-
stead of the standard ECXX when the test material is not
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This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
completely soluble at the test treat rates.
Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.12 on
Environmental Standards for Lubricants.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009. Published November 2009. Originally
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approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D6081–98(2004). For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
DOI: 10.1520/D6081-98R09. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
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The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
this standard. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D6081 − 98 (2009)
3.1.5 inhibition load XX (ILXX), n—a statistically or graphi- 4. Summary of Practice
cally estimated loading rate of te
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