ASTM D5157-97(2014)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Statistical Evaluation of Indoor Air Quality Models
Standard Guide for Statistical Evaluation of Indoor Air Quality Models
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Using the tools described in this guide, an individual seeking to apply an IAQ model should be able to (1) assess the performance of the model for a specific situation or (2) recognize or assess its advantages and limitations.
4.2 This guide can also be used for identifying specific areas of model deficiency that require further development or refinement.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides quantitative and qualitative tools for evaluation of indoor air quality (IAQ) models. These tools include methods for assessing overall model performance as well as identifying specific areas of deficiency. Guidance is also provided in choosing data sets for model evaluation and in applying and interpreting the evaluation tools. The focus of the guide is on end results (that is, the accuracy of indoor concentrations predicted by a model), rather than operational details such as the ease of model implementation or the time required for model calculations to be performed.
1.2 Although IAQ models have been used for some time, there is little guidance in the technical literature on the evaluation of such models. Evaluation principles and tools in this guide are drawn from past efforts related to outdoor air quality or meteorological models, which have objectives similar to those for IAQ models and a history of evaluation literature.(1)2 Some limited experience exists in the use of these tools for evaluation of IAQ models.
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Designation: D5157 − 97 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Guide for
1
Statistical Evaluation of Indoor Air Quality Models
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5157; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2.2 model bias, n—asystematicdifferencebetweenmodel
predictions and measured indoor concentrations (for example,
1.1 Thisguideprovidesquantitativeandqualitativetoolsfor
the model prediction is generally higher than the measured
evaluation of indoor air quality (IAQ) models. These tools
concentration for a specific situation).
include methods for assessing overall model performance as
3.2.3 model chamber, n—an indoor airspace of defined
well as identifying specific areas of deficiency. Guidance is
volume used in model calculations; IAQ models can be
alsoprovidedinchoosingdatasetsformodelevaluationandin
specified for a single chamber or for multiple, interconnected
applyingandinterpretingtheevaluationtools.Thefocusofthe
chambers.
guide is on end results (that is, the accuracy of indoor
concentrations predicted by a model), rather than operational
3.2.4 model evaluation, n—aseriesofstepsthroughwhicha
details such as the ease of model implementation or the time
model developer or user assesses a model’s performance for
required for model calculations to be performed.
selected situations.
1.2 Although IAQ models have been used for some time,
3.2.5 model parameter, n—a mathematical term in an IAQ
there is little guidance in the technical literature on the
model that must be estimated by the model developer or user
evaluation of such models. Evaluation principles and tools in
before model calculations can be performed.
this guide are drawn from past efforts related to outdoor air
3.2.6 model residual, n—the difference between an indoor
quality or meteorological models, which have objectives simi-
concentration predicted by an IAQ model and a representative
lar to those for IAQ models and a history of evaluation
measurementofthetrueindoorconcentration;thevalueshould
2
literature.(1) Some limited experience exists in the use of
be stated as positive or negative.
these tools for evaluation of IAQ models.
3.2.7 model validation, n—a series of evaluations under-
taken by an agency or organization to provide a basis for
2. Referenced Documents
endorsing a specific model (or models) for a specific applica-
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tion (or applications).
D1356Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
3.2.8 pollutant concentration, n—the extent of the occur-
Atmospheres
rence of a pollutant or the parameters describing a pollutant in
3. Terminology a defined airspace, expressed in units characteristic to the
3 3 3
pollutant(forexample,mg/m ,ppm,Bq/m ,area/m ,orcolony
3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in this
forming units per cubic metre).
standard, refer to Terminology D1356.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
4. Significance and Use
3.2.1 IAQ model, n—an equation, algorithm, or series of
4.1 Using the tools described in this guide, an individual
equations/algorithmsusedtocalculateaverageortime-varying
seekingtoapplyanIAQmodelshouldbeableto(1)assessthe
pollutant concentrations in one or more indoor chambers for a
performance of the model for a specific situation or (2)
specific situation.
recognize or assess its advantages and limitations.
4.2 Thisguidecanalsobeusedforidentifyingspecificareas
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality
ofmodeldeficiencythatrequirefurtherdevelopmentorrefine-
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2014. Published September 2014. Originally
ment.
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D5157–97 (2008).
DOI: 10.1520/D5157-97R14.
5. Components of Model Evaluation
2
Theboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothelistofreferencesattheendof
this standard.
5.1 The components of model evaluation include the fol-
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
lowing: (1) stating the purpose(s) or objective(s) of the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
evaluation, (2) acquiring a basic understanding of the specifi-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. cation and underlying principles or assumptions, (3) selecting
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D5157 − 97 (2014)
data sets as
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5157 − 97 (Reapproved 2008) D5157 − 97 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Guide for
1
Statistical Evaluation of Indoor Air Quality Models
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5157; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide provides quantitative and qualitative tools for evaluation of indoor air quality (IAQ) models. These tools include
methods for assessing overall model performance as well as identifying specific areas of deficiency. Guidance is also provided in
choosing data sets for model evaluation and in applying and interpreting the evaluation tools. The focus of the guide is on end
results (that is, the accuracy of indoor concentrations predicted by a model), rather than operational details such as the ease of
model implementation or the time required for model calculations to be performed.
1.2 Although IAQ models have been used for some time, there is little guidance in the technical literature on the evaluation of
such models. Evaluation principles and tools in this guide are drawn from past efforts related to outdoor air quality or
2
meteorological models, which have objectives similar to those for IAQ models and a history of evaluation literature.(1) Some
limited experience exists in the use of these tools for evaluation of IAQ models.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to Terminology D1356.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 IAQ model, n—an equation, algorithm, or series of equations/algorithms used to calculate average or time-varying
pollutant concentrations in one or more indoor chambers for a specific situation.
3.2.2 model bias, n—a systematic difference between model predictions and measured indoor concentrations (for example, the
model prediction is generally higher than the measured concentration for a specific situation).
3.2.3 model chamber, n—an indoor airspace of defined volume used in model calculations; IAQ models can be specified for a
single chamber or for multiple, interconnected chambers.
3.2.4 model evaluation, n—a series of steps through which a model developer or user assesses a model’s performance for
selected situations.
3.2.5 model parameter, n—a mathematical term in an IAQ model that must be estimated by the model developer or user before
model calculations can be performed.
3.2.6 model residual, n—the difference between an indoor concentration predicted by an IAQ model and a representative
measurement of the true indoor concentration; the value should be stated as positive or negative.
3.2.7 model validation, n—a series of evaluations undertaken by an agency or organization to provide a basis for endorsing a
specific model (or models) for a specific application (or applications).
3.2.8 pollutant concentration, n—the extent of the occurrence of a pollutant or the parameters describing a pollutant in a defined
3 3 3
airspace, expressed in units characteristic to the pollutant (for example, mg/m , ppm, Bq/m , area/m , or colony forming units per
cubic metre).
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air.
Current edition approved April 1, 2008Sept. 1, 2014. Published July 2008 September 2014. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 20032008 as
ε1
D5157 – 97 (2008).(2003) . DOI: 10.1520/D5157-97R08.10.1520/D5157-97R14.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this standard.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5157 − 97 (2014)
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Using the tools described in this guide, an individual seeking to apply an IAQ model should be able to (1) assess the
performance of the model for a specific situation or (2) reco
...
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