ASTM D5157-19
(Guide)Standard Guide for Statistical Evaluation of Indoor Air Quality Models
Standard Guide for Statistical Evaluation of Indoor Air Quality Models
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Using the tools described in this guide, an individual seeking to apply an IAQ model should be able to (1) assess the performance of the model for a specific situation or (2) recognize or assess its advantages and limitations.
4.2 This guide can also be used for identifying specific areas of model deficiency that require further development or refinement.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides quantitative and qualitative tools for evaluation of indoor air quality (IAQ) models. These tools include methods for assessing overall model performance as well as identifying specific areas of deficiency. Guidance is also provided in choosing data sets for model evaluation and in applying and interpreting the evaluation tools. The focus of the guide is on end results (that is, the accuracy of indoor concentrations predicted by a model), rather than operational details such as the ease of model implementation or the time required for model calculations to be performed.
1.2 Although IAQ models have been used for some time, there is little guidance in the technical literature on the evaluation of such models. Evaluation principles and tools in this guide are drawn from past efforts related to outdoor air quality or meteorological models, which have objectives similar to those for IAQ models and a history of evaluation literature (1).2 Some limited experience exists in the use of these tools for evaluation of IAQ models.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5157 − 19
Standard Guide for
1
Statistical Evaluation of Indoor Air Quality Models
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5157; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 Thisguideprovidesquantitativeandqualitativetoolsfor 3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this
evaluation of indoor air quality (IAQ) models. These tools standard, refer to Terminology D1356.
include methods for assessing overall model performance as 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
well as identifying specific areas of deficiency. Guidance is 3.2.1 IAQ model, n—an equation, algorithm, or series of
alsoprovidedinchoosingdatasetsformodelevaluationandin equations/algorithmsusedtocalculateaverageortime-varying
applyingandinterpretingtheevaluationtools.Thefocusofthe pollutant concentrations in one or more indoor chambers for a
guide is on end results (that is, the accuracy of indoor specific situation.
concentrations predicted by a model), rather than operational
3.2.2 model chamber, n—an indoor airspace of defined
details such as the ease of model implementation or the time
volume used in model calculations; IAQ models can be
required for model calculations to be performed.
specified for a single chamber or for multiple, interconnected
chambers.
1.2 Although IAQ models have been used for some time,
there is little guidance in the technical literature on the
3.2.3 model evaluation, n—aseriesofstepsthroughwhicha
evaluation of such models. Evaluation principles and tools in
model developer or user assesses a model’s performance for
this guide are drawn from past efforts related to outdoor air
selected situations.
quality or meteorological models, which have objectives simi-
3.2.4 model parameter, n—a mathematical term in an IAQ
lar to those for IAQ models and a history of evaluation
model that must be estimated by the model developer or user
2
literature (1). Some limited experience exists in the use of
before model calculations can be performed.
these tools for evaluation of IAQ models.
3.2.5 model residual, n—the difference between an indoor
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
concentration predicted by an IAQ model and a representative
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
measurement of the indoor concentration; the value should be
standard.
stated as positive or negative.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2.6 model validation, n—a series of evaluations under-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
taken by an agency or organization to provide a basis for
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
endorsing a specific model (or models) for a specific applica-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
tion (or applications).
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.2.7 observed model bias, n—a systematic difference be-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
tween model predictions and measured indoor concentrations
indicatedbymodelresidual(forexample,themodelprediction
2. Referenced Documents
3 is generally higher than the measured concentration for a
2.1 ASTM Standards:
specific situation).
D1356Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
3.2.8 pollutant concentration, n—the extent of the occur-
Atmospheres
rence of a pollutant or the parameters describing a pollutant in
a defined airspace, expressed in units characteristic to the
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality
3 3 3
pollutant(forexample,mg/m ,ppm,Bq/m ,area/m ,orcolony
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2019. Published September 2019. Originally
forming units per cubic metre).
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D5157–97 (2014).
DOI: 10.1520/D5157-19.
4. Significance and Use
2
Theboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothelistofreferencesattheendof
this standard.
4.1 Using the tools described in this guide, an individual
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
seekingtoapplyanIAQmodelshouldbeableto(1)assessthe
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
performance of the model for a specific situation or (2)
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. recognize or asse
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5157 − 97 (Reapproved 2014) D5157 − 19
Standard Guide for
1
Statistical Evaluation of Indoor Air Quality Models
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5157; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide provides quantitative and qualitative tools for evaluation of indoor air quality (IAQ) models. These tools include
methods for assessing overall model performance as well as identifying specific areas of deficiency. Guidance is also provided in
choosing data sets for model evaluation and in applying and interpreting the evaluation tools. The focus of the guide is on end
results (that is, the accuracy of indoor concentrations predicted by a model), rather than operational details such as the ease of
model implementation or the time required for model calculations to be performed.
1.2 Although IAQ models have been used for some time, there is little guidance in the technical literature on the evaluation of
such models. Evaluation principles and tools in this guide are drawn from past efforts related to outdoor air quality or
2
meteorological models, which have objectives similar to those for IAQ models and a history of evaluation literature.literature (1)).
Some limited experience exists in the use of these tools for evaluation of IAQ models.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:Definitions For —For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to Terminology D1356.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 IAQ model, n—an equation, algorithm, or series of equations/algorithms used to calculate average or time-varying
pollutant concentrations in one or more indoor chambers for a specific situation.
3.2.2 model bias, n—a systematic difference between model predictions and measured indoor concentrations (for example, the
model prediction is generally higher than the measured concentration for a specific situation).
3.2.2 model chamber, n—an indoor airspace of defined volume used in model calculations; IAQ models can be specified for a
single chamber or for multiple, interconnected chambers.
3.2.3 model evaluation, n—a series of steps through which a model developer or user assesses a model’smodel’s performance
for selected situations.
3.2.4 model parameter, n—a mathematical term in an IAQ model that must be estimated by the model developer or user before
model calculations can be performed.
3.2.5 model residual, n—the difference between an indoor concentration predicted by an IAQ model and a representative
measurement of the true indoor concentration; the value should be stated as positive or negative.
3.2.6 model validation, n—a series of evaluations undertaken by an agency or organization to provide a basis for endorsing a
specific model (or models) for a specific application (or applications).
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2014Aug. 1, 2019. Published September 2014September 2019. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2008
as D5157 – 97 (2008).(2014). DOI: 10.1520/D5157-97R14.10.1520/D5157-19.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this standard.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D5157 − 19
3.2.7 observed model bia
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