ASTM E1151-93(2006)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Ion Chromatography Terms and Relationships
Standard Practice for Ion Chromatography Terms and Relationships
ABSTRACT
This practice deals primarily with identifying the terms and relationships of those techniques that use ion exchange chromatography to separate mixtures and a conductivity detector to detect the separated components. However, most of the terms should also apply to ion chromatographic techniques that employ other separation and detection mechanisms. The apparatus to be used in the chromatography shall consist of syringe pumps, reciprocating pumps, pneumatic pumps, septum injectors, valve injectors, precolumns, concentrator columns, guard columns, separating columns, suppressor columns, conductivity suppressors, membrane suppressors, micromembrane suppressor, bulk property detectors, and solute property detectors. Chemical reagents to be used in the chemical analysis shall be of four kinds: mobile phase, stationary phase, solid support, and column packing materials. The stationary phase has two types which are the liquid phase and interactive solid phase material. Totally porous packing and pellicular packing are the two types of column packing materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice deals primarily with identifying the terms and relationships of those techniques that use ion exchange chromatography to separate mixtures and a conductivity detector to detect the separated components. However, most of the terms should also apply to ion chromatographic techniques that employ other separation and detection mechanisms.
1.2 Because ion chromatography is a liquid chromatographic technique, this practice uses, whenever possible the terms and relationships identified in Practice E 682.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: E1151 – 93 (Reapproved 2006)
Standard Practice for
1
Ion Chromatography Terms and Relationships
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1151; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope detected conductimetrically. Detection of the analyte ions is
enhanced by selectively suppressing the conductivity of the
1.1 This practice deals primarily with identifying the terms
mobile phase through post separation ion exchange reactions.
and relationships of those techniques that use ion exchange
3.3 Single Column Ion Chromatography, (Electronically
chromatographytoseparatemixturesandaconductivitydetec-
Suppressed Ion Chromatography)—In this technique sample
tor to detect the separated components. However, most of the
componentsareseparatedonalowcapacityionexchangerand
termsshouldalsoapplytoionchromatographictechniquesthat
detected conductimetrically. Generally, lower capacity ion
employ other separation and detection mechanisms.
exchangers are used with electronic suppression than with
1.2 Because ion chromatography is a liquid chromato-
chemical suppression. Mobile phases with ionic equivalent
graphic technique, this practice uses, whenever possible the
conductancesignificantlydifferentfromthatofthesampleions
terms and relationships identified in Practice E682.
andalowelectrolyticconductivityareused,permittinganalyte
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ion detection with only electronic suppression of the baseline
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
conductivity signal.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4. Apparatus
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 Pumps—Any of various machines that deliver the mo-
2. Referenced Documents bile phase at a controlled flow rate through the chromato-
2
graphic system.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1.1 Syringe Pumps, having a piston that advances at a
E682 Practice for Liquid Chromatography Terms and Rela-
controlled rate within a cylinder to displace the mobile phase.
tionships
4.1.2 Reciprocating Pumps, having one or more chambers
3. Descriptions of Techniques from which mobile phase is displaced by reciprocating pis-
ton(s)ordiaphragm(s).Thechambervolumeisnormallysmall
3.1 Ion Chromatography, (IC)—a general term for several
compared to the volume of the column.
liquid column chromatographic techniques for the analysis of
4.1.3 Pneumatic Pumps, employing a gas to displace the
ionic or ionizable compounds. Of the many useful separation
mobile phase either directly from a pressurized container or
and detection schemes, those most widely used have been the
indirectly through a piston or collapsible container. The vol-
two techniques described in 3.2 and 3.3 in which ion exchange
ume within these pumps is normally large as compared to the
separation is combined with conductimetric detection. By
volume of the column.
describing only these two techniques, this practice does not
4.2 Sample Inlet Systems, devices for introducing samples
mean to imply that IC is tied only to ion exchange chroma-
into the column.
tography or conductimetric detection.
4.2.1 Septum Injectors—The sample contained in a syringe
3.2 Chemically Suppressed Ion Chromatography, (Dual
isintroduceddirectlyintothepressurizedflowingmobilephase
Column Ion Chromatography)—In this technique, sample
by piercing an elastomeric barrier with a needle attached to a
componentsareseparatedonalowcapacityionexchangerand
syringe. The syringe is exposed to pressure and defines the
sample volume.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E13 on Molecular
4.2.2 Valve Injectors—The sample contained in a syringe
Spectroscopy and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E13.19 on Chroma-
(or contained in a sample vial) is injected into (or drawn into)
tography.
an ambient-pressure chamber through which the pressurized
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2006. Published September 2006. Originally
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as E1151–93(2000).
flowing mobile phase is subsequently diverted, after sealing
DOI: 10.1520/E1151-93R06.
against ambient pressure. The displacement is by means of
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
rotary or sliding motion. The chamber is a section (loop) of
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on tubing or an internal chamber.The chamber can be
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