ASTM D5890-01

Standard Test Method for Swell Index of Clay Mineral Component of Geosynthetic Clay Liners

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an index method that enables the evaluation of swelling properties of a clay mineral in reagent water for estimation of its usefulness for permeability or hydraulic conductivity reduction in geosynthetic clay liners (GCL).
1.2 It is adapted from United States Pharmacopeia (USP) test method for bentonite.
1.3 Powdered clay mineral is tested after drying to constant weight at 105 ± 5°C; granular clay mineral should be ground to a 100 % passing a 100 mesh U.S. Standard Sieve with a minimum of 65 % passing a 200 mesh U.S. Standard Sieve. The bentonite passing the 100 mesh U.S. Standard Sieve is used for testing after drying to constant weight at 105 ± 5°C.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Aug-2001
• ICS: 17.120.01 - Measurement of fluid flow in general
• ICS: 59.080.70 - Geotextiles
• Technical Committee: D35 - Geosynthetics
• Drafting Committee: D35.04 - Geosynthetic Clay Liners

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D5890-02 - Standard Test Method for Swell Index of Clay Mineral Component of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2002

Standards Content (Sample)

Designation: D 5890 – 01
Standard Test Method for
Swell Index of Clay Mineral Component of Geosynthetic
1
Clay Liners
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5890; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
6
1. Scope Granular Pesticides
2.2 United States Pharmacopeia Standard:
1.1 This test method covers an index method that enables
7
USP-NF-XVII Bentonite
the evaluation of swelling properties of a clay mineral in
reagent water for estimation of its usefulness for permeability
3. Terminology
or hydraulic conductivity reduction in geosynthetic clay liners
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
(GCL).
method, refer to USP Standards and ASTM definitions for GCL
1.2 It is adapted from United States Pharmacopeia (USP)
products.
test method for bentonite.
1.3 Powdered clay mineral is tested after drying to constant
4. Significance and Use
weight at 105 6 5°C; granular clay mineral should be ground
4.1 Clay mineral is a major functional component of GCL
to a 100 % passing a 100 mesh U.S. Standard Sieve with a
systems that reduces the hydraulic conductivity of industrial,
minimum of 65 % passing a 200 mesh U.S. Standard Sieve.
waste, or ground water through the liner.
The bentonite passing the 100 mesh U.S. Standard Sieve is
4.2 Clay mineral quality can vary significantly and effect the
used for testing after drying to constant weight at 105 6 5°C.
hydraulic conductivity of the GCL composite. This test method
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
evaluates a significant property of clay mineral that relates to
standard.
performance.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Apparatus
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1 Mortar and Pestle or Laboratory Hammer Mill, for
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
grinding clay mineral to required particle sizing.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
5.2 U.S. Standard Sieve, 100 mesh, 200 mesh, and auto-
tionary statements are given in Section 7.
mated sieve shaker.
5.3 Drying Oven, thermostatically controlled, preferably
2. Referenced Documents
forced draft type, meeting requirements of Specification E 145
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2 and capable of maintaining a uniform temperature of 105 6
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
3 5°C throughout the drying chamber.
E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers
5.4 Desiccator, of suitable size containing indicator silica
E 11 Specification for Wire-Cloth and Sieves for Testing
gel. It is preferable to use desiccant which changes color to
4
Purposes
indicate when it needs reconstitution.
E 145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced
5.5 Laboratory Balance, 100-g capacity, 60.01-g accuracy
5
Ventilation Ovens
and precision.
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
5.6 Weighing Paper, or small weighing dish.
4
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
5.7 Glass Cylinder, graduated TC (to contain), Class A
E 725 Test Method for Sampling Granular Carriers and
volumetrically calibrated, with 1-mL subdivisions and ground
glass stopper, high form with approximately 180-mm height
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
from inside base to 100-mL mark.
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosyn-
5.8 Wash Bottle, for dispensing reagent water.
thetic Clay Liners.
Current edition approved Aug. 10, 2001. Published November 2001. Originally 5.9 Spatula, flat-blade, to dispense clay mineral powder into
published as D 5890 - 95. Last previous edition D 5890 - 95.
cylinder; vibrating spatula should not be used since the
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
4
6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.05.
5
7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.04.
Available from United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc., 12601 Twin-
brook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D 5890
delivery quantity may not be adequately controlled. the graduated cylinder with the hydrating clay mineral to
5.10 Mechanical Ten-Minute Timer. remain undisturbed for a minimum of 16 h before recording the
5.11 ASTM Calibration Immersion Thermometer,0to105 volume of the hydrated clay mass and its temperature.
6 0.5°C (Specification E1). 9.9 After the minimum 16-h hydration period from the last
increment addition, record the volume level in millilitres at the
6. Reagents
top of the settled
...