ASTM D5837-99(2005)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Furanic Compounds in Electrical Insulating Liquids by High- Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
Standard Test Method for Furanic Compounds in Electrical Insulating Liquids by High- Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Furanic compounds are generated by the degradation of cellulosic materials used in the solid insulation systems of electrical equipment.
Furanic compounds which are oil soluble to an appreciable degree will migrate into the insulating liquid.
High concentrations or unusual increases in the concentrations of furanic compounds in oil may indicate cellulose degradation from aging or incipient fault conditions. Testing for furanic compounds may be used to complement dissolved gas in oil analysis as performed in accordance with Test Method D 3612.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the determination in electrical insulating liquids of products of the degradation of cellulosic materials such as paper, pressboard, and cotton materials typically found as insulating materials in electrical equipment. These degradation products are substituted furan derivatives, commonly referred to as furanic compounds or furans. This test method allows either liquid/liquid or solid phase extraction (SPE) of the furanic compounds from the sample matrix followed by analysis for specific furanic compounds by HPLC or direct injection for analysis of specific furanic compounds by HPLC.
1.2 The individual furanic compounds that may be identified and quantified include the following:5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehydefurfuryl alcohol2-furaldehyde2-acetylfuran5-methyl-2-furaldehyde
1.3 The direct injection method generally has a higher limit of detection, especially for furfuryl alcohol. Greater interference for furfuryl alcohol may be expected when using the direct injection method as opposed to extraction methods.
1.4 This test method has been used to successfully test for furanic compounds in mineral insulating oil, silicone fluid, high fire point electrical insulating oils of mineral origin, askarels, and perchloroethylene based dielectric fluids.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D5837–99 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Test Method for
Furanic Compounds in Electrical Insulating Liquids by High-
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Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5837; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
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1.1 This test method covers the determination in electrical 2.1 ASTM Standards:
insulating liquids of products of the degradation of cellulosic D923 Practices for Sampling Electrical Insulating Liquids
materials such as paper, pressboard, and cotton materials D3487 Specification for Mineral Insulating Oil Used in
typically found as insulating materials in electrical equipment. Electrical Apparatus
These degradation products are substituted furan derivatives, D3612 Test Method for Analysis of Gases Dissolved in
commonly referred to as furanic compounds or furans. This Electrical Insulating Oil by Gas Chromatography
testmethodallowseitherliquid/liquidorsolidphaseextraction D3613 Practice for Sampling Insulating Liquids for Gas
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(SPE) of the furanic compounds from the sample matrix Analysis and Determination of Water Content
followed by analysis for specific furanic compounds by HPLC 2.2 International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Stan-
or direct injection for analysis of specific furanic compounds dard:
by HPLC. Method 1198 Furanic Compounds Analysis in Mineral Oil
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1.2 The individual furanic compounds that may be identi- Insulating Oil
fied and quantified include the following:
3. Terminology
5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde
furfuryl alcohol
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
2-furaldehyde
3.1.1 adsorbent, n—the stationary phase in solid-phase
2-acetylfuran
extraction; silica is used as the adsorbent in this test method.
5-methyl-2-furaldehyde
3.1.2 extract, n—the liquid phase of a liquid/liquid extrac-
1.3 The direct injection method generally has a higher limit
tion containing the compound that has been extracted and that
of detection, especially for furfuryl alcohol. Greater interfer-
will be analyzed.
ence for furfuryl alcohol may be expected when using the
3.1.3 liquid/liquid extraction, n—the preparative step of
direct injection method as opposed to extraction methods.
extractionbymixingnonpolartestspecimenwithpolarsolvent
1.4 This test method has been used to successfully test for
to preferentially partition and concentrate polar compounds of
furanic compounds in mineral insulating oil, silicone fluid,
interest from an insulating liquid test specimen.
high fire point electrical insulating oils of mineral origin,
3.1.4 mobile phase, n—the carrier liquid phase in an HPLC
askarels, and perchloroethylene-based dielectric fluids.
analytical system used to transfer the prepared test specimen to
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
and through the analytical column and detector; the composi-
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
tion of the mobile phase affects elution time and separation of
standard.
analytes.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D27 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases and is the direct responsibility of Subcom- the ASTM website.
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mittee D27.03 on Analytical Tests. Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2005. Published November 2005. Originally on www.astm.org.
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approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D5837 – 99 . DOI: Available from IEC, IEC Central Office, 3 rue de Varembe, P.O. Box 131,
10.1520/D5837-99R05. CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D5837–99 (2005)
3.1.5 solid phase extraction (SPE), n—a preparative step 7.2 It is recommended that a precolumn packed with the
based on column chromatography, where intermolecular inter- same material as the analytical column be used to increase
actions between adsorbent, solven
...
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