ASTM D6648-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining the Flexural Creep Stiffness of Asphalt Binder Using the Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR)
Standard Test Method for Determining the Flexural Creep Stiffness of Asphalt Binder Using the Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The temperatures for this test are based upon the winter temperature experienced by the pavement in the geographical area for which the asphalt binder is intended.
The flexural creep stiffness or flexural creep compliance, determined from this test, describes the low-temperature stress-strain-time response of asphalt binder at the test temperature within the range of linear viscoelastic response.
The low-temperature thermal cracking performance of asphalt pavements is related to the creep stiffness and the m-value of the asphalt binder contained in the mix.
The creep stiffness and the m-value are used as performance-based specification criteria for asphalt binders in accordance with Specification D 6373.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flexural-creep stiffness or compliance and m-value of asphalt binders by means of a bending beam rheometer. It is applicable to material having flexural-creep stiffness values in the range of 20 MPa to 1 GPa (creep compliance values in the range of 50 nPa–1 to 1 nPa–1) and can be used with unaged material or with materials aged using aging procedures such as Test Method D 2872 or Practice D 6521. The test apparatus may be operated within the temperature range from –36°C to 0°C.
1.2 Test results are not valid for test specimens that deflect more than 4 mm or less than 0.08 mm when tested in accordance with this test method.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D6648 − 08
StandardTest Method for
Determining the Flexural Creep Stiffness of Asphalt Binder
1
Using the Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6648; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
2
1. Scope E77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-
mometers
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the
4
2.2 DIN Standard:
flexural-creep stiffness or compliance and m-value of asphalt
43760
binders by means of a bending beam rheometer. It is applicable
tomaterialhavingflexural-creepstiffnessvaluesintherangeof
3. Terminology
20 MPa to 1 GPa (creep compliance values in the range of 50
–1 –1
nPa to 1 nPa ) and can be used with unaged material or with 3.1 Definitions:
materials aged using aging procedures such as Test Method
3.1.1 asphalt binder, n—an asphalt-based cement that is
D2872 or Practice D6521. The test apparatus may be operated produced from petroleum residue either with or without the
within the temperature range from –36°C to 0°C.
addition of modifiers.
3.1.2 physical hardening, n—a time-dependent, reversible
1.2 Test results are not valid for test specimens that deflect
stiffening of asphalt binder that typically occurs when the
more than 4 mm or less than 0.08 mm when tested in
binder is stored below room temperature.
accordance with this test method.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.2.1 contact load, n—the load, P , required to maintain
c
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- positive contact between the test specimen, supports, and the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- loading shaft; 35 6 10 mN.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.2 flexural creep compliance, D(t), n—the ratio obtained
by dividing the maximum bending strain (see Eq X1.5)ina
2. Referenced Documents
beam by the maximum bending stress (Eq X1.4). The flexural
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
creep stiffness is the inverse of the flexural creep compliance.
C802 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Test Pro-
3.2.3 flexural creep stiffness, S (t), n—the creep stiffness
e
gram to Determine the Precision of Test Methods for
obtained by fitting a second order polynomial to the logarithm
Construction Materials
of the measured stiffness at 8.0, 15.0, 30.0 60.0, 120.0, and
D140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials
240.0 s and the logarithm of time (see Eq 5, section 14.4).
D2872 Test Method for Effect of Heat andAir on a Moving
3.2.4 measured flexural creep stiffness, S (t), n—the ratio
m
Film of Asphalt (Rolling Thin-Film Oven Test)
(see Eq 3, section 14.2) obtained by dividing the measured
D6521 Practice for Accelerated Aging of Asphalt Binder
maximum bending stress (see X1.4) by the measured maxi-
Using a Pressurized Aging Vessel (PAV)
mum bending strain (see Eq X1.5). Flexural creep stiffness has
D6373 Specification for Performance Graded Asphalt
been used historically in asphalt technology while creep
Binder
compliance is commonly used in studies of viscoelasticity.
3.2.5 m-value, n—the absolute value of the slope of the
1
logarithm of the stiffness curve versus the logarithm of time
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.44 on
(see Eq 6, section 14.5).
Rheological Tests.
3.2.6 test load, n—the load, P, of 240-s duration used to
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2008. Published February 2008. Originally
t
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D6648 – 01. DOI:
determine the stiffness of the asphalt binder being tested; 980
10.1520/D6648-08.
6 50 mN.
2
This standard is based on SHRP Product 1002.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Deutsches Institut fuer Normung (German Standards Institute), Beuth Verlag
the ASTM website. GmbH, Burggrafenstrasse 6, 1000 Berlin 30, Germany.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6648 − 08
3.2.7 zero load cell reading—the load indicated by the data 5.4 The creep stiffness and the m-value are used as
acquisition system when the shaft is free floating in the bath performance-base
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D6648–01 Designation: D 6648 – 08
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Flexural Creep Stiffness of Asphalt Binder
1
Using the Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6648; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
2
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flexural-creep stiffness or compliance and m-value of asphalt binders by
means of a bending- beam rheometer. It is applicable to material having flexural-creep stiffness values in the range of 20 MPa to
-1–1 -1
1 GPa (creep compliance values in the range of 50 nPa to 1 nPa –1) and can be used with unaged material or with materials
aged using aging procedures such as Test Method D 2872 , Test Method D1754, or Practice D 6521. The test apparatus may be
operated within the temperature range from -36°C–36°C to 0°C.
1.2 Test results are not valid for test specimens that deflect more than 4 mm or less than 0.08 mm when tested in accordance
with this test method.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 802 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Test Program to Determine the Precision of Test Methods for Construction
Materials
D 140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials D1754Test Method for Effect of Heat and Air on Asphaltic Materials
4
(Thin-Film Oven Test)
D 2872 Test Method for Effect of Heat and Air on a Moving Film of Asphalt (Rolling Thin-Film Oven Test)
4
D 6521Practice for Accelerated Aging of Asphalt Binder Using a Pressurized Aging Vessel (PAV) Practice for Accelerated
Aging of Asphalt Binder Using a Pressurized Aging Vessel (PAV)
D 6373 Specification for Performance Graded Asphalt Binder
E 77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Thermometers
2.2 AASHTO Standard:
AASHTO MP1 Standard Specification for Performance Graded Binder
4
2.3 DIN Standard:
43760
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 asphalt binder, n—an asphalt-based cement that is produced from petroleum residue either with or without the addition
of modifiers.
3.1.2 physical hardening, n—a time-dependent, reversible stiffening of asphalt binder that typically occurs when the binder is
stored below room temperature.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD04onRoadandPavingMaterialsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD04.44onRheological
Tests.
Current edition approved June 10, 2001. Published August 2001.
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2008. Published February 2008. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 6648 – 01.
2
This standard is based on SHRP Product 1002 and AASHTO TPI.
2
This standard is based on SHRP Product 1002.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 04.02.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03.
4
Deutsches Institut fuer Normung (German Standards Institute), Beuth Verlag GmbH, Burggrafenstrasse 6, 1000 Berlin 30, Germany.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6648–08
3.2.1 contact load, n—the load, P , required to maintain positive contact between the test specimen, supports, and the loading
c
shaft; 35 6 10 mN.
3.2.2 flexural creep compliance, D(t), n— the ratio obtained by dividing the maximum bending strain (see Eq X1.5) in a beam
by the maximum bending stress (Eq X1.4). The flexural creep stiffness is the inverse of the flexural creep compliance.
3.2.3 flexural creep stiffness, S(t), flexural creep stiffness, S (t), n—the creep stiffness obtained by fitting a second order
e
polynomial to the logarithm of the measured stiffness at 8.0, 15.0, 30.0 60.0, 120.0, and 240.0 s and the logarithm of time (see
Eq 4,5, section 14.4).
3.2.4 measuredflexuralcreepstiffness,S (t),n—therat
...
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