ASTM D4833-07
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance of Geomembranes and Related Products
Standard Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance of Geomembranes and Related Products
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is an index test for determining the puncture resistance of geomembranes and related products. The use of this test method is to establish an index value by providing standard criteria and a basis for uniform reporting.
This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of geomembranes and related materials since the test method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.
In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light of the known bias.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to measure the index puncture resistance of geomembranes and related products.
1.2 The use of Test Method D 4833 may be inappropriate for testing some woven geotextiles or related products which have large openings, such as geonets and geogrids.
1.3 It is recommended that geotextile and geotextile related products be tested using Test Method D6241.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values provided in inch-pound units are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D4833 − 07
StandardTest Method for
Index Puncture Resistance of Geomembranes and Related
1
Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4833; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method is used to measure the index puncture 3.1 Definitions:
resistance of geomembranes and related products. 3.1.1 atmosphere for testing geotextiles, n— air maintained
at a relative humidity of 65 6 5 % and a temperature of 21 6
1.2 The use ofTest Method D4833 may be inappropriate for
2°C (70 6 4°F).
testing some woven geotextiles or related products which have
large openings, such as geonets and geogrids. 3.1.2 geomembrane, n—very low permeability synthetic
membrane liners or barriers used with any geotechnical engi-
1.3 It is recommended that geotextile and geotextile related
neering related material so as to control fluid migration in a
products be tested using Test Method D6241.
man-made project, structure, or system.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1.3 index test, n—a test procedure which may contain a
standard. The values provided in inch-pound units are for
known bias but which may be used to establish an order for a
information only.
set of specimens with respect to the property of interest.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.4 puncture resistance (F), n—the inherent resisting
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
mechanism of the test specimen to the failure by a penetrating
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
or puncturing object.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 3.2 For definitions of other terms relating to geosynthetics
used in this standard, refer to Terminology D4439.
2. Referenced Documents
2
4. Summary of Test Method
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
4.1 A test specimen is clamped without tension between
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles circular plates of a ring clamp attachment secured in a tensile
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
testing machine. A force is exerted against the center of the
D2905 Practice for Statements on Number of Specimens for unsupported portion of the test specimen by a solid steel rod
3
Textiles (Withdrawn 2008)
attached to the load indicator until rupture of the specimen
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for Testing occurs. The maximum force recorded is the value of puncture
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
resistance of the specimen.
D6241 Test Method for the Static Puncture Strength of
Geotextiles and Geotextile-Related Products Using a
5. Significance and Use
50-mm Probe
5.1 This test method is an index test for determining the
puncture resistance of geomembranes and related products.
The use of this test method is to establish an index value by
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
providing standard criteria and a basis for uniform reporting.
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechani-
cal Properties. 5.2 This test method is considered satisfactory for accep-
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally
tance testing of commercial shipments of geomembranes and
e1
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D4 833–00. . DOI:
related materials since the test method has been used exten-
10.1520/D4833-07.
2
sively in the trade for acceptance testing.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.2.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
reported test results when using this test method for acceptance
the ASTM website.
3
testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the sup-
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. plier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D4833 − 07
a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statis- 6.2 Ring Clamp Attachment, consisting of concentric plates
tical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. with an open internal diameter of 45 6 0.025 mm (
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
e1
Designation:D4833–00 Designation:D4833–07
Standard Test Method for
Index Puncture Resistance of Geotextiles,
1
Geomembranes,Geomembranes and Related Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4833; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
e NOTE—Table 1 was editorially corrected from a one-sided table to a two-sided table in April 2002.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is used to measure the index puncture resistance of geotextiles, geomembranes, geomembranes and related
products.
1.2 The use of Test Method D 4833 may be inappropriate for testing some woven geotextiles or related products which have
large openings (Note 1).
NOTE1—Geonetsopenings, such as geonets and geogrids.
1.3 It is recommended that geotextile annd geotextile related products be tested using this test method.Test Method D6241.
1.3The1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values provided in inch-pound units are for
information only.
1.41.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
D 76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles D123Terminology Relating to Textiles
2
D1776Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
2
D2905Practice for Statements on Number of Specimens for Textiles 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D 2905 Practice for Statements on Number of Specimens for Textiles
D 4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for Testing
3
D 4439Terminology for Geosynthetics Terminology for Geosynthetics
D 6241 Test Method for the Static Puncture Strength of Geotextiles and Geotextile-Related Products Using a 50-mm Probe
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 atmosphere for testing geotextiles, n— air maintained at a relative humidity of 65 6 5 % and a temperature of 21 6 2°C
(70 6 4°F).
3.1.2 geomembrane, n—very low permeability synthetic membrane liners or barriers used with any geotechnical engineering
related material so as to control fluid migration in a man-made project, structure, or system.
3.1.3 geotextile, n—any permeable textile used with foundations, soil, rock, earth, or any other geotechnical material as an
integral part of man-made project, structure, or system.
3.1.4index test, n—a test procedure which may contain a known bias but which may be used to establish an order for a set of
specimens with respect to the property of interest.
3.1.5
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved March 21, 2002. Published May 2000. Originally published as D4833–88. Last previous edition D4833–88(96)
e1
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D4 833–00. .
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 07.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4833–07
3.1.4 puncture resistance (F), n—the inherent resisting mechanism of the test specimen to the failure by a penetrating or
puncturing object.
3.2 For definitions of other textile terms relating to geosynthetics used in this standard, refer to Terminology D123D 4439.
3.3For definitions of other terms relating to geotextiles used in this standard, refer to Terminology D4439.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A test specimen is clamped without tension between circular plates of a ring clamp attachment secured in a tensile testing
machine. A force is exerted against the center of the unsupported portion of the test specimen by a solid steel rod attached to
...
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