ASTM D6028/D6028M-20

Standard Practice for (Analytical Procedure) Determining Hydraulic Properties of a Confined Aquifer Taking into Consideration Storage of Water in Leaky Confining Beds by Modified Hantush Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Assumptions:  
5.1.1 The control well discharges at a constant rate, Q.  
5.1.2 The control well is of infinitesimal diameter and fully penetrates the aquifer.  
5.1.3 The aquifer is homogeneous, isotropic, and areally extensive.
Note 1: Slug and pumping tests implicitly assume a porous medium. Fractured rock and carbonate settings may not provide meaningful data and information.  
5.1.4 The aquifer remains saturated (that is, water level does not decline below the top of the aquifer).  
5.1.5 The aquifer is overlain or underlain, or both, everywhere by confining beds individually having uniform hydraulic conductivities, specific storages, and thicknesses. The confining beds are bounded on the distal sides by one of the cases shown in Fig. 1.  
5.1.6 Flow in the aquifer is two-dimensional and radial in the horizontal plane.  
5.2 The geometry of the well and aquifer system is shown in Fig. 1.  
5.3 Implications of Assumptions:  
5.3.1 Paragraph 5.1.1 indicates that the discharge from the control well is at a constant rate. Paragraph 8.1 of Test Method D4050 discusses the variation from a strictly constant rate that is acceptable. A continuous trend in the change of the discharge rate could result in misinterpretation of the water-level change data unless taken into consideration.
Note 2: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.  
5.3.2 The leaky confining bed problem considered by the modified Hantush method requires that the control well has an infinite...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers an analytical procedure for determining the transmissivity and storage coefficient of a confined aquifer taking into consideration the change in storage of water in overlying or underlying confining beds, or both. This practice is used to analyze water-level or head data collected from one or more observation wells or piezometers during the pumping of water from a control well at a constant rate. With appropriate changes in sign, this practice also can be used to analyze the effects of injecting water into a control well at a constant rate.  
1.2 This analytical procedure is used in conjunction with Test Method D4050.  
1.3 Limitations—The valid use of the modified Hantush method (1)2 is limited to the determination of hydraulic properties for aquifers in hydrogeologic settings with reasonable correspondence to the assumptions of the Hantush-Jacob method (Practice D6029/D6029M) with the exception that in this case the gain or loss of water in storage in the confining beds is taken into consideration (see 5.1). All possible combinations of impermeable beds and source beds (for example, beds in which the head remains uniform) are considered on the distal side of the leaky beds that confine the aquifer of interest (see Fig. 1).
FIG. 1 Cross Sections Through Discharging Wells in Leaky Aquifers with Storage of Water in the Confining Beds, Illustrating Three Different Cases of Boundary Conditions (from Reed (2) )  
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.  
1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies,...

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-May-2020
• ICS: 13.060.10 - Water of natural resources
• Technical Committee: D18 - Soil and Rock
• Drafting Committee: D18.21 - Groundwater and Vadose Zone Investigations

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D6028/D6028M −20
Standard Practice for
(Analytical Procedure) Determining Hydraulic Properties of
a Confined Aquifer Taking into Consideration Storage of
Water in Leaky Confining Beds by Modified Hantush
1
Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6028/D6028M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* significant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
1.1 This practice covers an analytical procedure for deter-
obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
mining the transmissivity and storage coefficient of a confined
ations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to
aquifertakingintoconsiderationthechangeinstorageofwater
increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be
in overlying or underlying confining beds, or both. This
commensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyondthescope
practice is used to analyze water-level or head data collected
of these test methods to consider significant digits used in
from one or more observation wells or piezometers during the
pumping of water from a control well at a constant rate. With analysis methods for engineering data.
appropriate changes in sign, this practice also can be used to
1.5 The values stated in SI units or inch-pound units are to
analyze the effects of injecting water into a control well at a
be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
constant rate.
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system
1.2 This analytical procedure is used in conjunction with
shall be used independently of the other. Combining values for
Test Method D4050.
the two systems may result in nonconformance with the
1.3 Limitations—The valid use of the modified Hantush
standard.ReportingofresultsinunitsotherthanSIshallnotbe
2
method (1) is limited to the determination of hydraulic
regarded as nonconformance with this standard.
properties for aquifers in hydrogeologic settings with reason-
1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing
able correspondence to the assumptions of the Hantush-Jacob
one or more specific operations.This document cannot replace
method (Practice D6029/D6029M) with the exception that in
educationorexperienceandshouldbeusedinconjunctionwith
this case the gain or loss of water in storage in the confining
professional judgment. Not all aspects of the practice may be
beds is taken into consideration (see 5.1). All possible combi-
applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not
nations of impermeable beds and source beds (for example,
intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which
bedsinwhichtheheadremainsuniform)areconsidered on the
the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged,
distal side of the leaky beds that confine the aquifer of interest
nor should this document be applied without the consideration
(see Fig. 1).
ofaproject’smanyuniqueaspects.Theword“Standard”inthe
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
title of this document means only that the document has been
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
approved through the ASTM consensus process.
Practice D6026.
1.4.1 Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollected/
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and Vadose
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Zone Investigations.
Current edition approved June 1, 2020. Published June 2020. Originally ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D6028–17. DOI:
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
10.1520/D6028_D6028M-20.
2 mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of re
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6028 − 17 D6028/D6028M − 20
Standard Test Method (Analytical Procedure) Practice for
(Analytical Procedure) Determining Hydraulic Properties of
a Confined Aquifer Taking into Consideration Storage of
Water in Leaky Confining Beds by Modified Hantush
1
Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6028;D6028/D6028M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers an analytical procedure for determining the transmissivity and storage coefficient of a confined
aquifer taking into consideration the change in storage of water in overlying or underlying confining beds, or both. This test method
is used to analyze water-level or head data collected from one or more observation wells or piezometers during the pumping of
water from a control well at a constant rate. With appropriate changes in sign, this test method also can be used to analyze the
effects of injecting water into a control well at a constant rate.
1.2 This analytical procedure is used in conjunction with Test Method D4050.
2
1.3 Limitations—The valid use of the modified Hantush method (1) is limited to the determination of hydraulic properties for
aquifers in hydrogeologic settings with reasonable correspondence to the assumptions of the Hantush-Jacob method (Test Method
D6029) with the exception that in this case the gain or loss of water in storage in the confining beds is taken into consideration
(see 5.1). All possible combinations of impermeable beds and source beds (for example, beds in which the head remains uniform)
are considered on the distal side of the leaky beds that confine the aquifer of interest (see Fig. 1).
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D6026.
1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry
standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not
consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives;
and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations.
It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
D4050 Test Method for (Field Procedure) for Withdrawal and Injection Well Testing for Determining Hydraulic Properties of
Aquifer Systems
1
This test method practice is under the jurisdiction of Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and
Vadose Zone Investigations.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2017June 1, 2020. Published January 2017June 2020. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as
ɛ1
D6028–96(2010)D6028 .–17. DOI: 10.1520/D6028-17.10.1520/D6028_D6028M-20.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of this test method.practice.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
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