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ASTM D93-00

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Flash-Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester

Standard Test Methods for Flash-Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flash point of petroleum products in the temperature range from 40 to 360oC by a manual Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus or an automated Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus.
Note 1--Flash point determination as above 250oC can be performed, however, the precisions have not been determined above this temperature. For residual fuels, precisions have not been determined for flash points above 100oC.
1.2 Procedure A is applicable to distillate fuels (diesel, kerosene, heating oil, turbine fuels), new lubricating oils, and other homogeneous petroleum liquids not included in the scope of Procedure B.
1.3 Procedure B is applicable to residual fuel oils, cutback residua, used lubricating oils, mixtures of petroleum liquids with solids, petroleum liquids that tend to form a surface film under test conditions, or are petroleum liquids of such kinematic viscosity that they are not uniformly heated under the stirring and heating conditions of Procedure A.
Note 2--Liquids having kinematic viscosities less than 5.5 mm 2/s (cSt) at 40oC (104oF), do not contain suspended solids, or do not have a tendency to form a surface film while under test conditions, can be tested in accordance with Test Method D56.
1.4 This test method is applicable for the detection of contamination of relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable materials with volatile or flammable materials.
1.5 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see 6.4, 7.1, 9.3, 9.4, 11.1.2, 11.1.4, and 12.1.2

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Aug-2000
ICS
13.220.40 - Ignitability and burning behaviour of materials and products
75.080 - Petroleum products in general
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.08 - Volatility
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D93-02 - Standard Test Methods for Flash-Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
Effective Date
10-Jun-2002

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ASTM D93-00 - Standard Test Methods for Flash-Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup TesterASTM D93-00 - Standard Test Methods for Flash-Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
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ASTM D93-00 - Standard Test Methods for Flash-Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
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Standards Content (Sample)

Designation: D 93 – 00 An American National Standard
Designation: D 34/99
Standard Test Methods for
1
Flash-Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 93; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
This flash point test method is a dynamic test method and depends on definite rates of temperature
increases to control the precision of the test method. The rate of heating may not in all cases give the
precision quoted in the test method because of the low thermal conductivity of certain materials. To
improve the prediction of flammability, Test Method D 3941, an equilibrium method, was developed
in which the heating rate is slower. This allows the vapor above the test specimen and the test
specimen to be at about the same temperature. If your specification requires Test Method D 93, do not
substitute Test Method D 3941 or any other test method without obtaining comparative data and
agreement from the specifier.
1. Scope 1.4 This test method is applicable for the detection of
contamination of relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable ma-
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flash
terials with volatile or flammable materials.
point of petroleum products in the temperature range from 40
1.5 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as the
to 360°C by a manual Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus or
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
an automated Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus.
information only.
NOTE 1—Flash point determination as above 250°C can be performed,
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
however, the precisions have not been determined above this temperature.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
For residual fuels, precisions have not been determined for flash points
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
above 100°C.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.2 Procedure A is applicable to distillate fuels (diesel,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards
kerosene, heating oil, turbine fuels), new lubricating oils, and
statements, see 6.4, 7.1, 9.3, 9.4, 11.1.2, 11.1.4, and 12.1.2.
other homogeneous petroleum liquids not included in the scope
of Procedure B.
2. Referenced Documents
1.3 Procedure B is applicable to residual fuel oils, cutback
2.1 ASTM Standards:
residua, used lubricating oils, mixtures of petroleum liquids 2
D 56 Test Methods for Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester
with solids, petroleum liquids that tend to form a surface film
D 3941 Test Method for Flash Point by the Equilibrium
under test conditions, or are petroleum liquids of such kine- 3
Method with a Closed-Cup Apparatus
matic viscosity that they are not uniformly heated under the
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling for Petroleum and
stirring and heating conditions of Procedure A. 4
Petroleum Products
D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
NOTE 2—Liquids having kinematic viscosities less than 5.5 mm 2/s
4
(cSt) at 40°C (104°F), do not contain suspended solids, or do not have a Petroleum Products
5
tendency to form a surface film while under test conditions, can be tested
E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers
6
in accordance with Test Method D 56.
E 300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
1
These test methods are under the joint jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
2
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and are the direct responsibility of Subcommit- Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
3
tee D02.08 on Volatility. In the IP, these test methods are under the jurisdiction of Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
4
the Standardization Committee. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
5
Current edition approved Aug. 10, 2000. Published October 2000. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
6
published as D 93 – 21 T. Last previous edition D 93 – 99c. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.05.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D93
E 502 Test Method for Selection and Use of ASTM Stan- of a number of properties which must be considered in
dards for the Determination of Flash Point of Chemicals by assessing the overall flammability hazard of a material.
7
Closed Cup Methods 5.2 Flash point is used in shipping and safety regulations to
8
2.2 ISO Standards define flammable and combustible materials. One should con-
Guide 34 Quality Systems Guidelines for the Production of sult the particular regulation involved for precise definitions of
Refe
...

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Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The flash point temperature is one measure of the tendency of the test specimen to form a flammable mixture with air under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties which must be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a material.  
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5.4 These test methods provide the only closed cup flash point test procedures for temperatures up to 370 °C (698 °F).
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the flash point of petroleum products in the temperature range from 40 °C to 370 °C by a manual Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus or an automated Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus, and the determination of the flash point of biodiesel in the temperature range of 60 °C to 190 °C by an automated Pensky-Martens closed cup apparatus.
Note 1: Flash point determinations above 250 °C can be performed, however, the precision has not been determined above this temperature. For residual fuels, precision has not been determined for flash points above 100 °C. The precision of in-use lubricating oils has not been determined. Some specifications state a D93 minimum flash point below 40 °C, however, the precision has not been determined below this temperature.  
1.2 Procedure A is applicable to distillate fuels (diesel, biodiesel blends, kerosine, heating oil, turbine fuels), new and in-use lubricating oils, and other homogeneous petroleum liquids not included in the scope of Procedure B or Procedure C.  
1.3 Procedure B is applicable to residual fuel oils, cutback residua, used lubricating oils, mixtures of petroleum liquids with solids, petroleum liquids that tend to form a surface film under test conditions, or are petroleum liquids of such kinematic viscosity that they are not uniformly heated under the stirring and heating conditions of Procedure A.  
1.4 Procedure C is applicable to biodiesel (B100). Since a flash point of residual alcohol in biodiesel is difficult to observe by manual flash point techniques, automated apparatus with electronic flash point detection have been found suitable.  
1.5 These test methods are applicable for the detection of contamination of relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable materials with volatile or flammable materials.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.6.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.
Note 2: It has been common practice in flash point standards for many decades to alternately use a C-scale or an F-scale thermometer for temperature measurement. Although the scales are close in increments, they are not equivalent. Because the F-scale thermometer used in this procedure is graduated in 5 °F increments, it is not possible to read it to the 2 °C equivalent increment of 3.6 °F. Therefore, for the purposes of application of the procedure of the test method for the separate temperature scale thermometers, different increments must be used. In this test method, the following protocol has been adopted: When a temperature is intended to be a converted equivalent, it will appear in parentheses following the SI unit, for example 370 °C (698 °F). When a temperature is inte...

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5.1 The flash point temperature is one measure of the tendency of the test specimen to form a flammable mixture with air under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties which must be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a material.  
5.2 Flash point is used in shipping and safety regulations to define flammable  and combustible  materials. One should consult the particular regulation involved for precise definitions of these classifications.  
5.3 These test methods should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and an ignition source under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of these test methods may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.  
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SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the flash point of petroleum products in the temperature range from 40 °C to 370 °C by a manual Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus or an automated Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus, and the determination of the flash point of biodiesel in the temperature range of 60 °C to 190 °C by an automated Pensky-Martens closed cup apparatus.
Note 1: Flash point determinations above 250 °C can be performed, however, the precision has not been determined above this temperature. For residual fuels, precision has not been determined for flash points above 100 °C. The precision of in-use lubricating oils has not been determined. Some specifications state a D93 minimum flash point below 40 °C, however, the precision has not been determined below this temperature.  
1.2 Procedure A is applicable to distillate fuels (diesel, biodiesel blends, kerosine, heating oil, turbine fuels), new and in-use lubricating oils, and other homogeneous petroleum liquids not included in the scope of Procedure B or Procedure C.  
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1.5 These test methods are applicable for the detection of contamination of relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable materials with volatile or flammable materials.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.6.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.
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5.1 This test method can be used to determine whether the amount of draindown measured for a given asphalt mixture is within specified acceptable levels. The test provides an evaluation of the draindown potential of an asphalt mixture during mixture design and/or during field production. This test is primarily used for mixtures with high coarse aggregate content such as porous asphalt (open-graded friction course) and stone matrix asphalt (SMA).
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SCOPE
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SCOPE
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SCOPE
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