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ASTM C411-05

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-Temperature Thermal Insulation

Standard Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-Temperature Thermal Insulation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Performance in service is the final measure of value for a thermal insulation, but simulative service tests give useful indications. One type involves application for a specified time to a surface heated at a temperature approximately that of intended service, and noting during the test and afterward, changes in the material and its properties. Measurement of these changes are used for predicting what occurs in service as a result of exposure to temperatures corresponding to those of the tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the performance of commercial sizes of both block and pipe forms of thermal insulating materials when exposed to simulated hot-surface application conditions. The term "hot-surface performance" has reference to a simulated use-temperature test in which the heated testing surface is in a horizontal position.
1.2 This test method refers primarily to high-temperature insulations that are applicable to hot-side temperatures in excess of 200°F (93°C). It is used for materials such as preformed insulations, insulating cements, blankets, and the like, by proper laboratory preparation of the samples.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2005
ICS
81.080 - Refractories
Technical Committee
C16 - Thermal Insulation
Drafting Committee
C16.31 - Chemical and Physical Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C411-04 - Standard Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-Temperature Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Replaced By
ASTM C411-11 - Standard Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-Temperature Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
01-May-2011
Referred By
ASTM C1427-21 - Standard Specification for Extruded Preformed Flexible Cellular Polyolefin Thermal Insulation in Sheet and Tubular Form
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM C1668-20 - Standard Specification for Externally Applied Reflective Insulation Systems on Rigid Duct in Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Systems
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM C195-07(2019) - Standard Specification for Mineral Fiber Thermal Insulating Cement
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM C1482-23 - Standard Specification for Polyimide Flexible Cellular Thermal and Sound Absorbing Insulation
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM C534/C534M-23 - Standard Specification for Preformed Flexible Elastomeric Cellular Thermal Insulation in Sheet and Tubular Form
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM C449-07(2019) - Standard Specification for Mineral Fiber Hydraulic-Setting Thermal Insulating and Finishing Cement
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM C591-22 - Standard Specification for Unfaced Preformed Rigid Cellular Polyisocyanurate Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM C656-17(2023) - Standard Specification for Structural Insulating Board, Calcium Silicate
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM C553-13(2019) - Standard Specification for Mineral Fiber Blanket Thermal Insulation for Commercial and Industrial Applications
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM C533-17(2023) - Standard Specification for Calcium Silicate Block and Pipe Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM C667-17(2022) - Standard Specification for Prefabricated Reflective Insulation Systems for Equipment and Pipe Operating at Temperatures above Ambient Air
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM C447-15(2022) - Standard Practice for Estimating the Maximum Use Temperature of Thermal Insulations
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM C547-22a - Standard Specification for Mineral Fiber Pipe Insulation
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005

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ASTM C411-05 - Standard Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-Temperature Thermal InsulationASTM C411-05 - Standard Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-Temperature Thermal Insulation
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ASTM C411-05 - Standard Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-Temperature Thermal Insulation
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C411–05
Standard Test Method for
Hot-Surface Performance of High-Temperature Thermal
1
Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C411; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope indications. One type involves application for a specified time
to a surface heated at a temperature approximately that of
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the perfor-
intended service, and noting during the test and afterward,
mance of commercial sizes of both block and pipe forms of
changes in the material and its properties. Measurement of
thermal insulating materials when exposed to simulated hot-
these changes are used for predicting what occurs in service as
surface application conditions. The term “hot-surface perfor-
a result of exposure to temperatures corresponding to those of
mance” has reference to a simulated use-temperature test in
the tests.
which the heated testing surface is in a horizontal position.
1.2 This test method refers primarily to high-temperature
5. Apparatus
insulations that are applicable to hot-side temperatures in
5.1 Heating Plate—The heating plate shall consist of a
excess of 200°F (93°C). It is used for materials such as
corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant plate with a preferred
preformed insulations, insulating cements, blankets, and the
exposed test area of 36 by 18 in. (914 by 457 mm), but having
like, by proper laboratory preparation of the samples.
a minimum test area of 18 by 18 in. (457 by 457 mm). The
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
heated area shall have an insulated, heated guard area having a
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
minimumwidthof3in.(76mm)aroundtheentireperipheryof
information only.
the test area. The plate shall be supported in a horizontal plane
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
at a sufficient number of points to prevent sagging. It shall be
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
heated on the under side by gas or electricity. The surface
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
temperature of the plate shall be measured by not less than five
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
thermocouples. Four of the thermocouples shall be located
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
alongthediagonalsthatextendfromthecornersoftheexposed
2. Referenced Documents area of the plate and at a distance of 6 in. (152 mm) in from
2
each corner. A fifth thermocouple shall be located near the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
center of the test plate area. The temperature at no point of
C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
measurement shall vary more than 65%or 625°F (614°C),
3. Terminology whichever is less, from the desired temperature. A heating
chamber beneath the heating plate shall be formed to retain the
3.1 Definitions—Terminology C168 shall apply to the
heat generated by the heating means. A 6-in. thickness of
terms used in this test method.
insulation shall form the bottom and the sides, and the heating
4. Significance and Use
plate shall form the top of the chamber. Two suitable types of
heating plates are shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
4.1 Performance in service is the final measure of value for
5.2 Heating Pipe—The heating pipe shall consist of a
a thermal insulation, but simulative service tests give useful
corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant pipe having a length of
not less than 3 ft (0.9 m) and preferably 6 ft 6 in. (1.98 m). It
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC16onThermal
shall be supported horizontally. The nominal diameter of the
Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.31 on Chemical and
pipe shall preferably be 3 in. (76 mm).The pipe shall be heated
Physical Properties.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2005. Published December 2005. Originally electrically with a spiral heating coil placed along the inside of
approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C411 – 04. DOI:
the pipe. Supplementary end heaters, and a guard section at
10.1520/C0411-05.
least 3 in. long of the same insulation as that being placed on
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
the test section, shall also be provided to guard against
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on excessive losses from the ends of
...

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1.1 These test methods cover procedures for measuring size, dimensional measurement, bulk density, warpage, and squareness of rectangular dense refractory brick and rectangular insulating firebrick. More precise determination of bulk density of refractory brick can be made by Test Methods C20. Stack height is generally determined only for dense refractories.  
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SCOPE
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SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the sampling and testing of brick and structural clay tile. Although not necessarily applicable to all types of units, tests include modulus of rupture, compressive strength, absorption, saturation coefficient, effect of freezing and thawing, efflorescence, initial rate of absorption and determination of weight, size, warpage, length change, and void area. (Additional methods of test pertinent to ceramic glazes include imperviousness, chemical resistance, opacity, and resistance to crazing.  
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
Note 1: The testing laboratory performing this test method should be evaluated in accordance with Practice C1093.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 These test methods include the following sections:    
Section Heading  
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Sampling  
4  
Specimen Preparation  
5  
Modulus of Rupture (Flexure Test)  
6  
Compressive Strength  
7  
Absorption  
8  
Freezing and Thawing  
9  
Initial Rate of Absorption (Suction) (Laboratory Test)  
10  
Efflorescence  
11  
Weight Per Unit Area  
12  
Measurement of Size  
13  
Measurement of Warpage  
14  
Measurement of Length Change  
15  
Initial Rate of Absorption (Suction) (Field Test)  
16  
Measurement of Void Area in Cored Units  
17  
Measurement of Void Area in Deep Frogged Units  
18  
Measurement of Out of Square  
19  
Measurement of Shell and Web Thickness  
20  
Breaking Load  
21  
Imperviousness Test (of Ceramin Glazes)  
22  
Chemical Resistance Test (of Ceramic Glazes)  
23  
Autoclaved Crazing Test (of Ceramic Glazes)  
24  
Opacity Test (of Ceramic Glazes)  
25  
Precision and Bias  
26  
Keywords  
27  
Safety Precautions for Autoclave Equipment and Operation  
Appendix X1  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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