CEN ISO/TR 16060:2014

Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials - Etchants for macroscopic and microscopic examination (ISO/TR 16060:2003)

ISO/TR 16060:2003 gives a non-exhaustive list of etchants that can be used for the macroscopic and microscopic examination of welds in accordance with ISO 17639 for the following groups of materials:
carbon steels and low-alloy steels;stainless steels;nickel and nickel alloys;titanium and titanium alloys;copper and copper alloys;aluminium and aluminium alloys.

Zerstörende Prüfung von Schweißverbindungen an metallischen Werkstoffen - Ätzungen für die makroskopische und mikroskopische Untersuchung (ISO/TR 16060:2003)

Dieser Technische Bericht enthält eine keinesfalls vollständige Liste von Ätzmitteln, die für die makroskopischen und mikroskopischen Untersuchungen von Schweißnähten in Übereinstimmung mit ISO 17639 für die folgenden Werkstoffgruppen verwendet werden können:
-   Kohlenstoff- und niedriglegierte Stähle;
-   nichtrostende Stähle;
-   Nickel und Nickellegierungen;
-   Titan und Titanlegierungen;
-   Kupfer und Kupferlegierungen;
-   Aluminium und Aluminiumlegierungen.

Essais destructifs des soudures sur matériaux métalliques - Réactifs pour examens macroscopique et microscopique (ISO/TR 16060:2003)

L'ISO/TR 16060:2003 donne une liste non exhaustive des réactifs pouvant être utilisés pour l'examen macroscopique et microscopique des soudures conformément à l'ISO 17639 pour les groupes de matériaux suivants:
aciers non alliés et faiblement alliés; aciers inoxydables; nickel et alliages de nickel; titane et alliages de titane; cuivre et alliages de cuivre; aluminium et alliages d'aluminium.

Porušitvene preiskave zvarov na kovinskih materialih - Jedkala za makroskopsko in mikroskopsko preiskavo (ISO/TR 16060:2003)

Standard ISO/TR 16060 podaja neizčrpen seznam jedkal, ki jih je mogoče uporabiti za makroskopsko in mikroskopsko preiskavo zvarov v skladu s standardom ISO 17639 za naslednje skupine materialov: – ogljikova jekla in malolegirana jekla; – nerjavna jekla; – nikelj in nikljeve zlitine; – titan in titanove zlitine; – baker in bakrove zlitine; – aluminij in aluminijeve zlitine.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 12-Aug-2014
• ICS: 25.160.40 - Welded joints and welds
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 121 - Welding
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 121 - Welding
• Current Stage: 6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
• Start Date: 13-Aug-2014
• Due Date: 20-Oct-2015
• Completion Date: 13-Aug-2014
• Ref Project: SIST-TP CEN ISO/TR 16060:2014 - Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials - Etchants for macroscopic and microscopic examination (ISO/TR 16060:2003)

Relations

• Replaces: CR 12361:1996/AC:1997 - Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials - Etchants for macroscopic and microscopic examination
• Effective Date: 20-Aug-2014
• Replaces: CR 12361:1996 - Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials - Etchants for macroscopic and microscopic examination
• Effective Date: 22-Jan-2014

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2014
1DGRPHãþD
SIST CR 12361:1999
SIST CR 12361:1999/AC:1999
Porušitvene preiskave zvarov na kovinskih materialih - Jedkala za makroskopsko
in mikroskopsko preiskavo (ISO/TR 16060:2003)
Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials - Etchants for macroscopic and
microscopic examination (ISO/TR 16060:2003)
Zerstörende Prüfung von Schweißverbindungen an metallischen Werkstoffen - Ätzungen
für die makroskopische und mikroskopische Untersuchung (ISO/TR 16060:2003)
Essais destructifs des soudures sur matériaux métalliques - Réactifs pour examens
macroscopique et microscopique (ISO/TR 16060:2003)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN ISO/TR 16060:2014
ICS:
25.160.40 Varjeni spoji in vari Welded joints
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

TECHNICAL REPORT
CEN ISO/TR 16060
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
August 2014
ICS 25.160.40 Supersedes CR 12361:1996
English Version
Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials - Etchants for
macroscopic and microscopic examination (ISO/TR 16060:2003)
Essais destructifs des soudures sur matériaux métalliques - Zerstörende Prüfung von Schweißverbindungen an
Réactifs pour examens macroscopique et microscopique metallischen Werkstoffen - Ätzungen für die
(ISO/TR 16060:2003) makroskopische und mikroskopische Untersuchung
(ISO/TR 16060:2003)
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 18 August 2014. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 121.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN ISO/TR 16060:2014 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword .3
Foreword
The text of ISO/TR 16060:2003 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44 “Welding and allied
processes” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as CEN
ISO/TR 16060:2014 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 “Welding and allied processes” the secretariat of
which is held by DIN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes CR 12361:1996.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO/TR 16060:2003 has been approved by CEN as CEN ISO/TR 16060:2014 without any
modification.
TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 16060
First edition
2003-10-15
Destructive tests on welds in metallic
materials — Etchants for macroscopic
and microscopic examination
Essais destructifs des soudures sur matériaux métalliques — Réactifs
pour examens macroscopique et microscopique

Reference number
ISO/TR 16060:2003(E)
©
ISO 2003
ISO/TR 16060:2003(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.

©  ISO 2003
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved

ISO/TR 16060:2003(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 General. 1
4 Etchants for carbon steels and low-alloy steels. 1
5 Etchants for stainless steels . 1
6 Etchants for nickel and nickel alloys . 2
7 Etchants for titanium and titanium alloys . 2
8 Etchants for copper and copper alloys . 2
9 Etchants for aluminium and aluminium alloys . 2
10 Designation. 2
Annex A (informative) Etchants for carbon steels and low-alloy steels. 3
Annex B (informative) Etchants for stainless steels. 10
Annex C (informative) Etchants for nickel and nickel alloys . 16
Annex D (informative) Etchants for titanium and titanium alloys. 18
Annex E (informative) Etchants for copper and copper alloys. 20
Annex F (informative) Etchants for aluminium and aluminium alloys. 22
Annex G (informative) List of etchants. 27

ISO/TR 16060:2003(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that
which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may decide by a
simple majority vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely
informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no
longer valid or useful.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/TR 16060 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes,
Subcommittee SC 5, Testing and inspection of welds.

iv © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved

TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 16060:2003(E)

Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Etchants for
macroscopic and microscopic examination
1 Scope
This Technical Report gives a non-exhaustive list of etchants that can be used for the macroscopic and
microscopic examination of welds in accordance with ISO 17639 for the following groups of materials:
 carbon steels and low-alloy steels;
 stainless steels;
 nickel and nickel alloys;
 titanium and titanium alloys;
 copper and copper alloys;
 aluminium and aluminium alloys.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 17639, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Macroscopic and microscopic examination of
welds
3 General
Where details of concentration or waters of crystallization of reagents are not defined in the annexes, Table 1
is applicable. These values should be confirmed by the suppliers of each etchant.
4 Etchants for carbon steels and low-alloy steels
The etchants for carbon and low alloyed steels are given in Annex A.
5 Etchants for stainless steels
The etchants for stainless steels are given in Annex B.
ISO/TR 16060:2003(E)
6 Etchants for nickel and nickel alloys
The etchants for nickel and nickel alloys are given in Annex C.
7 Etchants for titanium and titanium alloys
The etchants for titanium and titanium alloys are given in Annex D.
8 Etchants for copper and copper alloys
The etchants for copper and copper alloys are given in Annex E.
9 Etchants for aluminium and aluminium alloys
The etchants for aluminium and aluminium alloys are given in Annex F.
10 Designation
Etchants should be designated either by names or by numbers of tables in accordance with Annex G.
Table 1 — Characteristics of components
Components Characteristics
Specific gravity Concentration Hydrate Remarks

g/cm %
HCl 1,18 35 to 38 —
1,16 31,5 to 33
HF 1,13 40 —
HNO 1,42 69 —
H SO 1,84 98 —
2 4
a
H O — 6 % W/V — Usually 20 volumes
2 2
(i.e. 20 volume available O )
H PO 1,70 85 —
3 4
CHCOOH 1,05 99,1 — glacial
HBF 1,23 35 —
C H O — — 2
2 2 4
FeCl — — 6
CuCl — — 2
MgCl — — 6
Fe(NO ) — — 9
3 3
a
W/V means weight by volume.
2 © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved

ISO/TR 16060:2003(E)
Annex A
(informative)
Etchants for carbon steels and low-alloy steels
See Tables A.1 to A.13.
Table A.1 — Nital
Type of etchant: Macroscopic and microscopic etchant
Composition in volume and in order of mixing:
99 ml to 95 ml industrial methylated spirits*
1 ml to 5 ml nitric acid (HNO )
*Ethyl alcohol (C H OH), denatured with methyl alcohol (CH OH)
2 5 3
Also methyl alcohol or isoamyl alcohol [(CH ) CH(CH ) OH]
3 2 2 2
Safe shelf life: Indefinite
Surface preparation:
600 grit or finer (macroetching ≈ 5 % of nitric acid)
3 µm diamond or finer (microetching ≈ 2 % of nitric acid)
Etching temperature: Ambient
Etching time: A few seconds — check by eye
Additional precautions/requirements:
Usual precautions for handling and disposal of acids.
Comments:
Can increase strength to 15 % for macroetching on ground surface — reveals ferrite boundaries —
differentiates ferrite from martensite. Good general purpose etchant.

Amyl alcohol is preferable for galvanized steel.

ISO/TR 16060:2003(E)
Table A.2 — Picral (4 %)
Type of etchant: Microscopic etchant
Composition in volume and in order of mixing:
100 ml ethyl alcohol (C H OH)
2 5
4 g picric acid [C H OH(NO ) ]
6 2 2 3
[+ wetting agent (sodium dodecyl benzene sulphate) (C H NaSO ) if required]
18 29 4
Safe shelf life: Indefinite
Surface preparation:
3 µm diamond or finer
Etching temperature: Ambient
Etching time: A few seconds — check by eye
Additional precautions/requirements:
Usual precautions for handling and disp
...