EN ISO 13736:1997
(Main)Petroleum products and other liquids - Determination of flash point - Abel closed cup method (ISO 13736:1997)
Petroleum products and other liquids - Determination of flash point - Abel closed cup method (ISO 13736:1997)
Produits pétroliers et autres liquides - Détermination du point d'éclair - Méthode Abel en vase clos (ISO 13736:1997)
La présente Norme européenne prescrit une procédure d'échantillonnage des essences auto et des carburants diesel (gazole) au niveau des points de distribution, pour utilisation dans le cadre du contrôle qualité des carburants automobiles conformément à la norme EN 14274. La présente norme ne traite pas le cas de l'échantillonnage des gaz de pétrole liquéfiés (GPL).
NOTE Lorsque l'opération d'échantillonnage concerne de l'essence auto, il est recommandé de procéder comme indiqué dans la NOTE de l'article 6 pour le prétraitement des récipients et leur transport.
AVERTISSEMENT - L'utilisation de la présente Norme européenne implique l'intervention de produits, d'opérations et d'équipements à caractère dangereux. La présente Norme européenne n'est pas censée aborder tous les problèmes de sécurité concernés par son usage. Il est de la responsabilité de l'utilisateur de consulter et d'établir des règles de sécurité et d'hygiène appropriées et de déterminer l'applicabilité des restrictions réglementaires avant utilisation.
Naftni proizvodi in druge tekočine - Določanje plamenišča - Metoda z zaprto posodo po Abelu (ISO 13736:1997)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 13736:1998
01-maj-1998
1DIWQLSURL]YRGLLQGUXJHWHNRþLQH'RORþDQMHSODPHQLãþD0HWRGD]]DSUWR
SRVRGRSR$EHOX ,62
Petroleum products and other liquids - Determination of flash point - Abel closed cup
method (ISO 13736:1997)
Produits pétroliers et autres liquides - Détermination du point d'éclair - Méthode Abel en
vase clos (ISO 13736:1997)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 13736:1997
ICS:
75.080 Naftni proizvodi na splošno Petroleum products in
general
SIST EN ISO 13736:1998 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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INTERNATIONAL
ISO
STANDARD
13736
First edition
1997-11-01
Petroleum products and other liquids -
Determination of flash Point - Abel closed
cup method
Produits pktroliers et autres liquides - Determination du Point d ’kclair -
Methode Abel en vase clos
Reference number
ISO 13736: 1997(E)
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ISO 13736: 1997(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national Standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of
preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Esch member body interested in a subject for which
a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented
on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-
governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting
a vote.
International Standard ISO 13736 was prepared by Technical Committee
ISOKC 28, Petroleum products and lubricants.
Annexes A to D form an integral part of this International Standard.
Annex E is for information only.
0 ISO 1997
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no patt of this publication may be reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any means, electronie or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm, without Permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case postale 56 l CH-121 1 Geneve 20 l Switzerland
central @ iso.ch
Internet
x.400 c=ch; a=400net; p=iso; o=isocs; s=central
Printed in Switzerland
ii
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ISO 13736: 1 ’997( E)
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD @ ISO
Petroleum products and other liquids - Determination of flash
Point - Abel closed cup method
WARNING - The use of this International Standard may involve hazardous materials and equipment. This
International Standard does not Purpott to address all of the safety Problems associated with its use. lt is
the responsibility of the user of this International Standard to establish appropriate safety and health
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations Prior to use.
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the closed cup flash Point of Petroleum
products and other liquids having flash Points between - 30 “C and 70 “C inclusive. However the precision given for
the method is only valid for flash Points in the range - 5 “C to 66,5 “C.
This Standard is not applicable to water borne paints which may however be tested using ISO 3679.
NOTES
1 This method should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to
heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions, and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire
risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of
a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a
particular end use.
2 Flash Point is used in shipping, storage, and handling and safety regulations as a classification property to define
“flammable” and “combustible” materials. Precise definition of the classes is given in each particular regulation.
3 Flash Point may indicate the possible presence of highly volatile materials in a relatively non-volatile or non-flammable
material.
4 Since the presence of small proportions of highly volatile materials need to be detected, this test should be the first
determination on a received Sample.
5 Liquids containing halogenated compounds may give anomalous results.
2 Normative references
The following Standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this
International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Standards are subject to
revision, and Parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the Standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain
registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO 3170: 1988, Petroleum liquids - Manual sampling.
ISO 3171 :1988, Petroleum liquids - Automa tic pipleine sampling.
ISO 3679:1983, Paints, varnishes, Petroleum and related products - Determination of flash Point - Rapid
equilibrium method.
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0 ISO
ISO 13736: 1997(E) -
3 Definition
For the purposes of this International Standard, the following ciefinition applies.
3.1 flash Point: The lowest temperature, corrected to a barometric pressure of 101,3 kPa, at which application of
a test flame Causes the vapour of the test Portion to ignite under the specified conditions of test.
4 Principle
The test Portion is placed in the test cup of an Abel apparatus and heated at specified rates. A small test flame is
directed into the test cup at regular intervals and the flash Point is taken as the lowest temperature at which
application of the test flame Causes the vapour above the test Portion to ignite with a distinct flash inside the test
CUP.
30 “C and 18,5 “C inclusive, and between 19 “C
NOTE - Separate test procedures are defined for liquids flashing between -
and 70 “C inclusive.
5 Reagents and materials
5.1 Solvent, low volatility aromatic solvent (benzene-free) for removal of traces of Sample from the test CUP.
residue. Mixed solvents, such
NOTE - The choice of solvent will depend upon the previous Sample, and the tenacity of the
as toluene-acetone-methanol (TAM) may be efficacious for the removal of gum-type deposits.
5.2 Ethanediol (ethylene glycol), corrosion inhibited or glycerol.
5.3 Silicone lubricant.
6 Apparatus
6.1 Abel flash Point apparatus
Use an Abel Petroleum testing apparatus as described in annex A.
If automated testers are used, ensure that all of the manufacturer ’s instructions for calibrating, adjusting and
operating the instrument are followed. In any cases of dispute, the flash Point as determined manually shall be
considered the refereeing test.
be used provided that it has been established that results obtained will not differ from
NOTE - Automated equipment may
those obtained by the manual procedu re.
6.2 Test cup thermometer
Use a test cup thermometer conforming to the specification given in annex C. lt shall be fitted into a collar as
described in annex B.
6.3 Heating vessel thermometer
Use a heating vessel thermometer conforming to the specification given in annex C. lt shall be fitted into a collar as
described in annex B.
6.4 Low temperature thermometer
Use a low temperature thermometer conforming to the specification given in annex C or a thermocouple with similar
or better precision.
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@ ISO
ISO 13736:1997(E)
6.5 Timer
Use one of the following:
metronorne, that beats at a frequency of 75 beats per min to 80 beats per min;
a)
b) pendulum, of 610 mm effective length, counting one beat from one extremity of the Swing to the other;
c) electric/electronic timing device, which tan measure intervals of 0,755 s to 0,80 s or 1 s.
6.6 Barometer
Use either a Fortin type or other suitable type of barometer, readable to, and with an accuracy of 1 hPa (0,l kPa).
DO not use aneroid barometers pre-corrected to give sea level readings, such as those used at weather stations
and airports.
6.7 Cooling bath
Use either liquid or metal block or a recirculating cooler.
6.8 Test cup thermal insulator
Use either a cover made of foam plastics or woollen material.
7 Sampling
7.1 Obtain samples according to the procedures given in ISO 3170, ISO 3171 or an equivalent National Standard, .
and place in tightly sealed Containers appropriate to the material being sampled.
7.2 Samples shall not be taken or stored in plastic Containers, since volatile materials may diffuse through the
Walls, and/or react with the Container.
8 Apparatus preparation
Support the Abel apparatus on a level steady table. Unless tests are made in a draught-free room or compartment,
surround the tester on three sides with a shield, each section of which shall be approximately 450 mm wide and
600 mm high.
9 Apparatus verification
The correct functioning of the apparatus shall be verified in accordance with annex D.
10 Procedure
10.1 Procedure for liquids flashing between - 30 “C and 18,5 “C
10.1 .l Note the ambient pressure of the laboratory at the time of test by recording the barometric
pressure and the
temperature of the barometer used or its immediate surroundings.
10.1.2 Fill the heating vessel completely and the air chamber which surrounds the test cup to a depth of at least
38 mm with either a mixture of equal volumes of ethanediol (5.2) and water or a higher ratio of glycerol (5.2) and
water.
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@ ISO
ISO 13736: 1997(E)
10.1.3 Adjust the temperature of the heating vessel, using either a cooling bath or recirculating cooler (6.7), to
- 35 OC, or to at least 9 “C below the expected flash Point of the material being tested, whichever is the higher,
measuring the temperature with a low temperature thermometer (6.4). Carry out a trial flash Point determination if
necessary.
While cooling, mix the water-ethanediol or water-glycerol mixture in the heating vessel either by stirring manually or
mechanically, or by means of a gentle stream of air introduced into the heating vessel by a tube inserted through
the thermometer socket and reaching to the bottom of the heating vessel.
CAUTION - Eye protection shall be worn to guard against the possible risk from drops splashed or liquid
thrown off whilst mixing.
10.1.4 Cool the Sample in its Container, in a cooling bath or refrigerator to below - 35 “C, or to at least 17 “C below
the expected flash Point, whichever is the higher, before opening. Replace the closure with a vapour tight closure
carrying a low temperature thermometer or suitable thermocouple (6.4) to check the temperature. After reaching the
required temperature remove the cover carrying the thermometer and replace the original closure. Maintain the
Sample at this temperature, or lower, until all flash Point tests on the Sample are completed.
Cool liquids which crystallise on cooling to just above their crystallising Points.
10.1.5 Wash the test cup with an appropriate solvent (5.1) to remove any traces of gum or residue remaining from
a previous test. Dry using a stream of clean air. Place a low temperature thermometer (6.4) in Position in the cover
of the test CUP. Loosely assemble the cover and test CUP. Cover with the thermal insulator (6.8), and cool the
assembly in a cooling bath or refrigerator until the thermometer registers - 35 “C or at least 17 “C below the
expected flash Point, whichever is the higher.
If a liquid cooling bath is used, ensure that neither cooling liquid nor vapour which could affect the flash Point of the
product under test enters the test CUP.
NOTES
1 A low temperature thermometer filled with alcohol or tolu ene is used when cooling the test cup and cover to avoid the risk of
freezing the mercury i n the flash Point thermo lmeter and the consequent rupture of the thread.
2 Cooling a cover or test cup that is wet with water to below 0 “C tan Cause sticking due to ice (e.g. sticking of the slide).
Wiping the apparatus dry with a duster or a piece of absorbent Paper before cooling to below 0 “C is usually sufficient to
prevent icing, but, alternatively, icing tan be minimized by the use of a thermal insulating cover (6.8) and by lubricating the
outer face of the lip of the test cup and the slide with a Silicone lubricant (5.3).
10.1.6 Position the heating vessel on a firm level sutface. Place the test cup in Position in the apparatus (see
clause A.2) and replace the low temperature thermometer by a test cup thermometer (6.2). Remove the cover and
pour in the test portion without undue agitation, avoiding as far as possible the formation of air bubbles, until the
level just reaches the Point of the index gauge on the wall of the test CUP. DO not move the apparatus after filling.
Place the cover on the test cup and push it down into Position. Ignite the test flame, adjust its size to approximately
3,8 mm in diameter, and maintain it at that size throughout the test, comparing it frequently with the projecting white
bead mounted on the cover of the test CUP.
10.1.7 Remove the low temperature thermometer from the heating vessel and insert the heating vessel
thermometer (6.3).
10.1.8 Apply heat to the heating vessel in such a manner that the temperature of the test Portion in the test cup
rises at a rate of 1 “C/min.
Stir the test Portion in a clockwise direction (i.e. to give a downward thrust) at approximately 0,5 s-1 (30 r/min) or as
close to this rate as the viscosity of the material permits. When testing viscous products ensure that the stirring
action does not push the test pottion above the filling mark. Continue stirring in a steady manner for the duration of
the test but do not stir during the application of the test flame.
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@ ISO ISO13736:1997( E)
10.1.9 When the temperature of the test portion reaches - 35 “C or at least 9 “C below the expected flash Point,
Start the timer (6.5) apply the test flame by slowly and uniformly opening the slide in the cover while the timer beats
three times, and closing it during the fourth beat. If an electric/electronic timing device calibrated in seconds is used
then the application of the test flame shall be made by slowly and uniformly opening the slide over a period of 2 s
and then closing it over a period of 1 s.
lf a flash occurs, discontinue the test, discard the test Portion and proceed in acordance with 10.1.3, commencing
the test at - 35 “C or at least 17 “C below the previous starting temperature, whichever is the higher. If no flash
occurs proceed in accordance with 10.1 .lO. If a flash occurs at a temperature below - 30 “C record and report this
fact and discontinue the test.
10.1 .lO Apply the test flame in this manner every 0,5 “C rise in temperature until a distinct flash occurs in the
interior of the test CUP, or until a temperature corresponding Po a corrected temperature of l8,5 “C is reached.
Record the temperature of the test portion when the flash occurs.
NOTE - The test Portion is deemed to have flashed a large flame appears and instantaneously propagates itself over
its surface.
DO not confuse the true flash Point with the bluish halo that sometimes surrounds the test flame or an enlarged
flame at applications preceding the one that Causes the actual flash.
10.1 .ll Record as observed flash Point the temperature read on the thermometer at the time the test flame
application caused a distinct flash in the interior of the test CUP.
10.2 Procedure for liquids flashing between 19 “C and 70 “C
of the labo ratory at the time of recording the barometric pressure and the
10.2.1 Note the ambient pressure test by
temperature of the barometer (6.6) used or its immediate surround ings.
10.2.2 Fill the heating vessel completely and the air chamber which surrounds the test cup to a depth of at least
38 mm with water.
10.2.3 Adjust the temperature of the heating vessel, using either a cooling bath or a recirculating cooler (6.7) or a
heater, to at least 9 “C below the expected flash Point of the material being tested, or to 10 “C, whichever is the
higher. Carry out a trial flash Point determination if necessary.
10.2.4 Bring the Sample in its Container, if necessary in a cooling bath or refrigerator, to 2 “C or at least 17 “C
below the expected flash Point, whichever is the higher, before opening. Maintain the Sample at this temperature or
lower until all flash Point tests on the Sample are completed.
10.2.5 Wash the test cup with an appropriate solvent (5.1) to remove any traces of gum or residue remaining from
a previous test. Dry, using a stream of clean air. Place a test cup thermometer (6.2) in Position in the cover of the
test CUP. Loosely assemble the cover and test CUP, and cool in a refrigerator or a cooling bath until the thermometer
registers 2 “C or at least 17 “C below the expected flash Point, whichever is the higher.
If a liquid cooli ng bath is used , ensure that neither cooling liquid nor vapour enters the test CUP, which could affect
the flash Point of the product u nder test
10.2.6 Position the heating vessel on a firm level surface. Place the test cup in Position in the apparatus (see
clause A.2). Remove the cover and pour in the test Portion without undue agitation, avoiding as far as possible the
formation of air bubbles, until the level just reaches the Point of the index gauge on the wall of the test CUP. DO not
move the apparatus after filling. Place the cover on the test cup and push it down into Position. Ignite the test flame,
adjust its size to approximately 3,8 mm in diameter, and maintain it at that size throughout the test, comparing it
frequently with the projecting white bead mounted on the cover of the test CUP.
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@ ISO
ISO 13736: 1997(E)
10.2.7 Apply heat to the heating vessel in such a manner that the temperature of the test portion in the test cup
rises at a rate of 1 %/min.
Stir in a clockwise direction (i.e. to give a downward thrust) at approximately O,5 s-1 (30 r/min) or as close to this
rate as the viscosity of the material permits. When testing viscous products, ensure that the stirring action does not
push the test portion above the filling mark. Continue stirring in a steady manner for the duration of the test but do
not stir during the application of the test flame.
10.2.8 When the temperature of the test Portion reaches 10 OC or at least 9 “C below the expected flash Point, statt
the timer (6.5), apply the test flame by slowly and uniformly
...
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