EN ISO 19403-4:2024

Paints and varnishes - Wettability - Part 4: Determination of the polar and dispersive fractions of the surface tension of liquids from an interfacial tension (ISO 19403-4:2024)

This document specifies a test method to determine the polar and dispersive fractions of the surface tension of liquids from an interfacial tension with optical methods. The method can be applied for the characterization of liquid coating materials, especially if drying effects occur during alternative measurement. If applied to liquids with non-Newtonian flow behaviour (see ISO 3219-1:2021, 3.22), restrictions can apply.

Beschichtungsstoffe - Benetzbarkeit - Teil 4: Bestimmung des polaren und dispersen Anteils der Oberflächenspannung von Flüssigkeiten aus einer Grenzflächenspannung (ISO 19403-4:2024)

Dieses Dokument legt ein Prüfverfahren mit optischen Methoden zum Bestimmen der polaren und dispersen Anteile der Oberflächenspannung von Flüssigkeiten aus einer Grenzflächenspannung fest. Das Verfahren kann zur Charakterisierung von flüssigen Beschichtungsstoffen eingesetzt werden, insbesondere, wenn in einer alternativen Messung Trocknungseffekte auftreten. Wenn das Verfahren für Flüssigkeiten mit nicht-newtonschem Fließverhalten (siehe ISO 3219 1:2021, 3.22) angewendet wird, können Einschränkungen auftreten.

Peintures et vernis - Mouillabilité - Partie 4: Détermination des fractions polaire et dispersive de la tension superficielle des liquides à partir d’une tension interfaciale (ISO 19403-4:2024)

Le présent document spécifie une méthode d’essai permettant de déterminer les fractions polaire et dispersive de la tension superficielle des liquides à partir d’une tension interfaciale à l’aide de méthodes optiques. Cette méthode peut être utilisée pour la caractérisation des produits de peinture liquides, en particulier si des effets de séchage se produisent durant le mesurage alternatif. Si elle est appliquée avec des produits liquides de comportement d’écoulement non newtonien (voir l’ISO 3219-1:2021, 3.22), des restrictions peuvent s’appliquer.

Barve in laki - Omočljivost - 4. del: Določanje polarnega in disperznega dela površinske napetosti tekočin prek medfazne napetosti (ISO 19403-4:2024)

Ta dokument določa preskusno metodo za določanje polarnega in disperznega dela površinske napetosti tekočin prek medfazne napetosti z optičnimi metodami. To metodo je mogoče uporabiti za določanje lastnosti tekočih premazov, zlasti v primeru izsuševanja med nadomestnim merjenjem. Pri uporabi metode z ne-newtonskimi tekočinami (glej standard ISO 3219-1:2021, točka 3.22) lahko veljajo omejitve.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 29-Oct-2024
• ICS: 87.040 - Paints and varnishes
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 139 - Paints and varnishes
• Current Stage: 6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
• Start Date: 30-Oct-2024
• Completion Date: 30-Oct-2024
• Ref Project: SIST EN ISO 19403-4:2025 - Paints and varnishes - Wettability - Part 4: Determination of the polar and dispersive fractions of the surface tension of liquids from an interfacial tension (ISO 19403-4:2024)

Relations

• Replaces: EN ISO 19403-4:2020 - Paints and varnishes - Wettability - Part 4: Determination of the polar and dispersive fractions of the surface tension of liquids from an interfacial tension (ISO 19403-4:2017)
• Effective Date: 21-Jun-2023

Overview

EN ISO 19403-4:2024 (Paints and varnishes - Wettability - Part 4) specifies an optical test method to determine the polar and dispersive fractions of the surface tension of liquids from an interfacial tension measurement. Published October 2024 and adopted by CEN, this standard updates the 2020 edition and is intended primarily for the characterization of liquid coating materials where alternative measurements may be affected by drying or evaporation.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Principle: Uses pendant or ascending drops imaged inside an optical cell filled with a reference liquid. The drop shape, analysed by the Young–Laplace equation, yields the interfacial tension from which surface energy components are calculated.
• Optical methods: Requires a state-of-the-art drop contour analysis system with digital image capture and analysis (lighting, dosing unit, optical cell, imaging/analysis unit).
• Apparatus specifics:
  • Dosing unit and needles (straight or J-shaped) to produce drops that deviate from spherical shape; recommended needle outside diameters 0.5–2.5 mm.
  • Optical cell wall thickness requirement reduced to 2 mm (updated in this edition).
  • Reference liquids must be transparent (updated requirement).
• Data analysis: Calculation routes include Owens–Wendt–Rabel–Kaelble (OWRK) and Wu methods to derive dispersive and polar fractions from measured interfacial tensions and known reference liquid surface tensions.
• Procedure controls: Cleaning and conditioning of reference liquids, test conditions, sampling and repeatability requirements are specified.
• Limitations: Restrictions apply when testing non-Newtonian liquids (see ISO 3219-1:2021). The method assumes known surface tensions for both test and reference liquids.

Applications

• Quality control and R&D for paints, varnishes and liquid coatings to quantify surface energy components affecting wetting, adhesion and spreading.
• Situations where conventional surface tension tests fail due to drying/evaporation or where interfacial methods give more reliable results.
• Surface science and formulation development for improved substrate wetting, adhesion promotion, and coating performance optimization.
• Useful in laboratories performing surface energy and wettability testing, coating manufacturers, formulation chemists, and academic researchers.

Who should use this standard

• Coating formulators, QC laboratories, materials scientists, and surface analysis labs.
• Manufacturers and testers of paints, varnishes, adhesives and inks needing reproducible polar/dispersive surface energy data.
• Certification bodies and test houses applying ISO/CEN methods for comparative and regulatory testing.

Related standards (normative references)

• ISO 19403-1 (vocabulary & principles)
• ISO 19403-3 (pendant drop surface tension)
• ISO 4618 (paints & varnishes vocabulary)
• ISO 15528 (sampling)
• EN 14370 (surface active agents - surface tension)

Keywords: EN ISO 19403-4:2024, surface tension measurement, interfacial tension, polar dispersive fractions, drop contour analysis, pendant drop method, paints and varnishes, wettability standard.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2025
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 19403-4:2020
Barve in laki - Omočljivost - 4. del: Določanje polarnega in disperznega dela
površinske napetosti tekočin prek medfazne napetosti (ISO 19403-4:2024)
Paints and varnishes - Wettability - Part 4: Determination of the polar and dispersive
fractions of the surface tension of liquids from an interfacial tension (ISO 19403-4:2024)
Beschichtungsstoffe - Benetzbarkeit - Teil 4: Bestimmung des polaren und dispersen
Anteils der Oberflächenspannung von Flüssigkeiten aus einer Grenzflächenspannung
(ISO 19403-4:2024)
Peintures et vernis - Mouillabilité - Partie 4: Détermination des fractions polaire et
dispersive de la tension superficielle des liquides à partir d’une tension interfaciale (ISO
19403-4:2024)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 19403-4:2024
ICS:
87.040 Barve in laki Paints and varnishes
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 19403-4
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
October 2024
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 87.040 Supersedes EN ISO 19403-4:2020
English Version
Paints and varnishes - Wettability - Part 4: Determination
of the polar and dispersive fractions of the surface tension
of liquids from an interfacial tension (ISO 19403-4:2024)
Peintures et vernis - Mouillabilité - Partie 4: Beschichtungsstoffe - Benetzbarkeit - Teil 4:
Détermination des fractions polaire et dispersive de la Bestimmung des polaren und dispersen Anteils der
tension superficielle des liquides à partir d'une tension Oberflächenspannung von Flüssigkeiten aus einer
interfaciale (ISO 19403-4:2024) Grenzflächenspannung (ISO 19403-4:2024)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 October 2024.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2024 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 19403-4:2024 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (EN ISO 19403-4:2024) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 35 "Paints
and varnishes" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 139 “Paints and varnishes” the
secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2025, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by April 2025.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 19403-4:2020.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 19403-4:2024 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 19403-4:2024 without any
modification.
International
Standard
ISO 19403-4
Second edition
Paints and varnishes —
2024-10
Wettability —
Part 4:
Determination of the polar
and dispersive fractions of the
surface tension of liquids from an
interfacial tension
Peintures et vernis — Mouillabilité —
Partie 4: Détermination des fractions polaire et dispersive
de la tension superficielle des liquides à partir d’une tension
interfaciale
Reference number
ISO 19403-4:2024(en) © ISO 2024

ISO 19403-4:2024(en)
© ISO 2024
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO 19403-4:2024(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Apparatus and materials . 2
6 Sampling . 4
7 Procedure . 4
7.1 Preparation for the procedure .4
7.1.1 Setting up the drop contour analysis device .4
7.1.2 Test conditions .4
7.1.3 Cleaning and conditioning of the reference liquid .4
7.2 Determination of the interfacial tension of the liquid .4
7.2.1 Preparations .4
7.2.2 Procedure .5
7.3 Determination of the surface tension of liquids .5
8 Ev a luat ion . 5
8.1 General .5
8.2 Calculation of the dispersive fraction of the surface tension in accordance with Owens-
Wendt-Rabel-Kaelble .6
8.3 Calculation of the dispersive fraction of the surface tension in accordance with Wu .6
8.4 Calculation of the polar fraction of the surface tension of the liquid .6
9 Test report . 6
Bibliography . 8

iii
ISO 19403-4:2024(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 35, Paints and varnishes, Subcommittee
SC 9, General test methods for paints and varnishes, in collaboration with the European Committee for
Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 139, Paints and varnishes, in accordance with the
Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 19403-4:2017), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— in 5.3, the requirement on the wall thickness of the optical cell has been reduced to 2 mm;
— in 5.4, the requirement for the reference liquids has been changed from colourless to transparent;
— the normative references have been updated.
A list of all parts in the ISO 19403 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

iv
International Standard ISO 19403-4:2024(en)
Paints and varnishes — Wettability —
Part 4:
Determination of the polar and dispersive fractions of the
surface tension of liquids from an interfacial tension
1 Scope
This document specifies a test method to determine the polar and dispersive fractions of the surface tension of
liquids from an interfacial tension with optical methods. The method can be applied for the characterization
of liquid coating materials, especially if drying effects occur during alternative measurement. If applied to
liquids with non-Newtonian flow behaviour (see ISO 3219-1:2
...