EN ISO 2818:1996
(Main)Plastics - Preparation of test specimens by machining (ISO 2818:1994)
Plastics - Preparation of test specimens by machining (ISO 2818:1994)
Cancels and replaces the second edition (1980). Establishes the general principles and procedures to be followed when machining and notching test specimens from compression-moulded and injection-moulded plastics, extruded sheets, plates and partially finished or wholly finished products.
Kunststoffe - Herstellung von Probekörpern durch mechanische Bearbeitung (ISO 2818:1994)
Diese internationale Norm legt die allgemeinen Grundsätze und Vorgehensweisen fest, die zu befolgen sind, wenn Probekörper durch spanende oder zerteilende Bearbeitung aus Kunststoff-Formteilen hergestellt werden. Die folgenden allgemeinen Standardbedingungen schaffen eine reproduzierbare Grundlage und sind anzuwenden. Detailliertere Vorgehensweisen sind in Materialspezifikationen oder Prüfnormen aufzunehmen.
Plastiques - Préparation des éprouvettes par usinage (ISO 2818:1994)
La présente Norme internationale établit les principes et modes opératoires généraux à suivre lors de l'usinage et de la production des entailles sur les éprouvettes produites à partir de plastiques moulés par compression et par injection, de feuilles extrudées, de plaques, et de produits partiellement ou entièrement finis. Il convient d'appliquer les conditions normalisées générales suivantes pour établir une base permettant d'obtenir des conditions reproductibles en matière d'usinage et de production d'entailles. On présume, cependant, que les modes opératoires exacts à utiliser seront choisis parmi ou précisés dans les spécifications relatives à la matière concernée ou dans les normes afférentes aux méthodes d'essai particulières. Si les modes opératoires spécifiés ne sont pas suffisamment détaillés, il est essentiel que les parties concernées s'accordent sur les conditions à utiliser.
Polimerni materiali - Strojna priprava preskušancev (ISO 2818:1994)
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2000
Polimerni materiali - Strojna priprava preskušancev (ISO 2818:1994)
Plastics - Preparation of test specimens by machining (ISO 2818:1994)
Kunststoffe - Herstellung von Probekörpern durch mechanische Bearbeitung (ISO
2818:1994)
Plastiques - Préparation des éprouvettes par usinage (ISO 2818:1994)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 2818:1996
ICS:
83.080.01 Polimerni materiali na Plastics in general
splošno
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 2818
Third edition
1994-08-15
- Preparation of test specimens
Plastics
by machining
Plas tiques - Preparation des eprouvettes par usinage
Reference number
ISO 2818:1994(E)
ISO 2818:1994(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national Standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work
of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Esch member body interested in a subject for
which a technical committee has been established has the right to be
represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission
(1 EC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting
a vote.
International Standard ISO 2818 was prepared by Technical Committee
lSO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 2, Mechanical properties.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition
(ISO 2818:1980), which has been revised with respect to the following
Points:
- normative references for the geometry of cutting tools and abrasive
tools and products;
- introduction of notching;
- extension of the table for recommended machining conditions.
Annex A of this International Standard is for information only.
0 ISO 1994
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any means, electronie or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case Postale 56 l CH-1 211 Geneve 20 l Switzerland
Printed in Switzerland
ii
Q ISO
ISO 2818:1994[E]
Introduction
The preparation of test specimens by machining influences the finished
surfaces and, in some cases, even the internal structure of the specimens.
Since test results are strongly dependent on both of these Parameters,
exact definitions of tools and machining conditions are required for repro-
ducible test results with machined specimens.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 0 ISO ISO 2818:1994(E)
- Preparation of test specimens by machining
Plastics
ISO 6104:1979, Abrasive products - Diamond or cu-
1 Scope
hic boron nitride grinding wheels and saws - General
surve y, designa tion and multilingual nomencla ture.
This International Standard establishes the general
principles and procedures to be followed when ma-
ISO 6106:1979, Abrasive products - Grain sizes of
chining and notching test specimens from
diamond or cubic boron nitride.
compression-moulded and injection-moulded plastics,
extruded sheets, plates and partially finished or wholly
ISO 6168:1980, Abrasive products - Diamond or cu-
finished products.
hic boron nitride grinding wheels - Dimensions.
In Order to establish a basis for reproducible machin-
ing and notching conditions, the following general
standardized conditions should be applied. lt is as- 3 Definitions
sumed, however, that the exact procedures to be
For the purposes of this International Standard, the
used will be selected or specified by the relevant
following definitions apply:
material specification or by the Standards on the par-
ticular test methods. If sufficiently detailed pro-
cedures are not thus specified, it is essential that the
3.1 Milling
interested Parties agree on the conditions to be used.
In this machining Operation, the tool has a circular
primary motion and the workpiece a suitable feed
2 Normative references
motion. The axis of rotation of the primary motion re-
tains its Position with respect to the tool, indepen-
The following Standards contain provisions which,
dently of the feed motion (see ISO 3855). Complete
through reference in this text, constitute provisions
dumb-bell and rectangular test specimens, as well as
of this International Standard. At the time of publi-
notches in finished specimens, may be prepared by
cation, the editions indicated were valid. All Standards
milling.
are subject to revision, and Parties to agreements
based on this International Standard are encouraged
3.1.1
Geometry (see 3002-1 and figure 1)
to investigate the possibility of applying the most re-
cent editions of the Standards indicated below.
Only a few details of the exact geometrical conditions
Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of cur-
of the milling tool and its Position with respect to the
rently valid International Standards.
workpiece given in ISO 3002-1 are relevant to this
Standard, as follows:
ISO 3002-1 :1982, Basic quantities in cutting and
grinding - Part 1: Geometry of the active patt of
3.1.1.1 tool-cutting-edge angle, a,: The angle be-
cutting tools - General terms, reference s ystems,
tween the tool-cutting-edge plane Ps and the as-
tool and working angles, chip breakers.
sumed working plane Pf, measured in the tool back
plane Pr.
ISO 301711981 I Abrasive discs - Designation, di-
mensions and tolerantes - Selection of disc outside
3.1.1.2 tool back clearance, Q: The angle between
diameter/centre hole diameter combina tions.
s
the flank A, of the Cutter and the tool-cutting-edge
ISO 3855: 1977, Milling Cutters - Nomencla ture. plane P,, measured in the tool back plane P,.
0 ISO
ISO 2818:1994(E)
3.2.1.2 number of cutting teeth, Z: The number of
3.1.1.3 tool side clearance, af: The angle between
cutting teeth on the periphety of a circular saw.
the flank A, of the Cutter and the tool-cutting-edge
plane P,,
measured in the assumed working plane
Pf-
3.2.2 Tool and workpiece motions
3.1.1.4 tool radius, R: The distance between the
3.2.2.1 rotational Speed of tool, n: The Speed of
axis of the circular Primat-y motion of the tool and its
rotation, in revolutions per minute, of a circular saw
cutting edge.
or an abrasive disc.
3.1.1.5 number of cutting teeth, Z: The number of
3.2.2.2 cutting Speed, v,: The instantaneous vel-
cutting edges on the outer periphery of the rotating
ocity, in metres per minute, of the cutting tip of a saw
milling tool.
tooth, or of a selected Point on the cutting edge of an
abrasive disc, relative to the workpiece. For a circular
saw or an abrasive disc, the relationship between V,
3.1.2 Tool and workpiece motions (see
and n is given by the equation vc = n=2xR.
ISO 3002-1 and figure 2)
3.2.2.3 feed Speed, vf: The instantaneous velocity,
3.1.2.1 rotational Speed of tool, n: The Speed, in
in metres per minute, of the tool feed parallel to the
revolutions per minute, of the circular primary motion
saw or disc plane and perpendicular to the cutting di-
of the tool.
rection relative to the workpiece.
3.1.2.2 cutting Speed, vc: The instantaneous vel-
ocity, in metres per minute, of the primary motion of
3.3 Cutting of disc-shaped test specimens
a selected Point on the cutting edge relative to the
(see figure 4)
workpiece. The relationship between V, and ~1 is given
by the equation v, = m2xR.
In this machining Operation, disc-shaped test speci-
mens are tut from sheet material with the aid of a
3.1.2.3 feed Speed, vf: The instantaneous velocity,
circular Cutter with a saw-toothed edge of hardened
in metres per minute, of the feed motion of a selected
steel or which may be coated with diamond or cubic
Point on the cutting edge relative to the workpiece.
boron nitride powder. The test specimens may also
be tut by means of a milling Cutter with one or more
3.1.2.4 feed path, L: The distance, in millimetres,
teeth, as described in 3.1, which moves in a circular
at any given Point on the surface of the workpiece
Orbit. Furthermore, the test specimens may also be
covered during the time between two successive
tut from a roughly preshaped pack of individual
cutting operations. The feed path is given by the
sheets with the aid of a turning lathe.
equation ;1 = vf/m.
3.3.1 Geometry
3.1.2.5 cutting depth, a: The (mean) distance, in
millimetres, between the surfaces of the workpiece
3.3.1.1 tool radius, R: The distance, in millimetres,
before and after one complete milling run.
between the rotary axis of the circular Cutter and the
inner limit of the cutting edge. The tool radius is equal
3.2 Cutting of rectangular test specimens
to the radius of the finished test specimen.
In this machining Operation, rectangular test speci-
3.3.1.2 number of cutting teeth, Z: The number of
mens are tut by means of a circular or band saw,
teeth on the sawtooth cutting edge of a circular cut-
made from hardened steel or coated with diamond
ter. If a lathe is used for cutting circular test speci-
or cubic boron nitride powder, or tut with the aid of
mens, the geometrical definitions of the cutting tool
an abrasive disc of which the cutting edge may be
are the Same as those given in 3.1.
coated with diamond or boron nitride powder. For
further details on abrasive discs and abrasive pro-
3.3.2 Tool and workpiece motions
ducts, see ISO 3017 and ISO 6104.
3.3.2.1 rotational Speed of tool, n: The Speed of
3.2.Il Geometry rotation, in revolutions per minute, of a circular Cutter.
3.2.1.1 tool radius, R: The distance, in millimetres, 3.3.2.2 cutting Speed, v,: The instantaneous vel-
between the rotary axis of a circular saw or an abras- ocity, in metres per minute, of a selected Point on the
ive disc and the cutting edges of the tool. cutting edge relative to the workpiece. The relation-
0 ISO
ISO 2818:1994(E)
and n is given by the equation 3.5.2 Fortes on the tool and tool motion
ship between v,
= na2nR.
vC
3.5.2.1 contact forte, FC: The forte, in newtons,
3.3.2.3 feed Speed, vf: The instantaneous velocity,
applied to the stamping tool in the direction perpen-
in metres per minute, of the tool feed parallel to the
dicular to the sheet plane.
rotary axis of the circular Cutter and perpendicular to
the cutting direction relative to the workpiece.
3.5.2.2 feed Speed, vf: The instantaneous velocity,
in metres per minute, of the feed motion of the edge
plane of the stamping tool in a direction perpendicular
Planing of rectangular bars and planing
3.4
to the sheet plane.
or broaching of notches in finished test
specimens
In this machining Operation, sawed or sliced rec-
tangular bars are finished by planing. Also, notches in 4 Test specimens
finished specimens tan be tut by planing or
broaching.
4.1 Shape and state of the test specimens
3.4.1 Geometry
The following types of test specimen tan be prepared
3.4.1.1 tool-cutting-edge angle, a,: As defined in
by the machining processes described in this Inter-
3.1.1.1.
national Standard:
3.4.1.2 tool back clearance, aP: As defined in
- rectangular bars;
3.1.1.2.
- notched rectangular bars;
3.4.1.3 tool side clearance, af: As defined in
3.1.1.3.
- rectangular plates;
- curvilinear test specimens (e.g. dumb-bells);
3.4.2 Tool and workpiece motions
- discs.
3.4.2.1 cutting Speed, v,: The instantaneous vel-
ocity, in metres per minute, of the primary motion of
The exact shape, dimensions and tolerantes of the
a selected Point on the cutting edge relative to the
test specimens shall conform to the Standard for the
workpiece.
particular test method in question. The machined
surfaces and edges of the finished specimens shall
3.4.2.2 cutting depth, a: The (mean) distance, in
be free of visible flaws, scratches or other
millimetres, between the surfaces of the workpiece
imperfections when viewed with a low-power magni-
before and after one planing run.
fying glass (approximately x5 magnification).
Rectangular bars shall be free of twist and shall have
3.5 Stamping of arbitrarily shaped test
perpendicular pairs of parallel surfaces. The surfaces
specimens fabricated from thin sheets
and edges shall be free from scratches, pits, sink
marks and flashes. Esch specimen shall be checked
In this Operation, arbitrarily shaped test specimens are
for conformity with these requirements by visual ob-
stamped under high pressure from thin sheets by
servation against straight-edges, squares and flat
means of a tool with a sharp edge made from hard-
plates, and by measuring with micrometer callipers.
ened steel and located in a plane parallel to the plane
of the sheet.
The requirements on the quality of the edges of disc-
shaped specimens used for impact-Penetration tests
3.5.1 Geometry
are less rigorous than those for tensile-test speci-
mens.
shape of the stamping tool: The geometric
3.5.1.1
Any specimen showing a measurable or observable
shape of the stamping edge in a plane parallel to the
sheet plane. The shape of the stamping tool depends departure from the requirements given above shall be
on the shape of the test specimen to be stamped, rejected or machined to proper size and shape before <
along with its required dimensions and tolerantes. testing.
0 ISO
ISO 2818:1994(E)
4.2 Preparation of test specimens 5.3 Tubular cutting machines
These are used to prepare disc test specimens from
The test specimens shall be machined from plates or
flat plates or sheet material. The cutting edge of this
sheets m
...
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