CEN/CLC/TR 17603-31-11:2021

Space engineering - Thermal design handbook - Part 11: Electrical Heating

In this Part 11, the use of electrical heaters and electrical coolers in spacecraft systems are described.
Electrical thermal control is an efficient and reliable method for attaining and maintaining temperatures. Solid state systems provide for flexibility in control of thermal regulation, they are resistant to shock and vibration and can operate in extreme physical conditions such as high and zero gravity levels. They are also easy to integrate into spacecraft subsystems.
The Thermal design handbook is published in 16 Parts
TR 17603-31-01 Part 1
Thermal design handbook – Part 1: View factors
TR 17603-31-01 Part 2
Thermal design handbook – Part 2: Holes, Grooves and Cavities
TR 17603-31-01 Part 3
Thermal design handbook – Part 3: Spacecraft Surface Temperature
TR 17603-31-01 Part 4
Thermal design handbook – Part 4: Conductive Heat Transfer
TR 17603-31-01 Part 5
Thermal design handbook – Part 5: Structural Materials: Metallic and Composite
TR 17603-31-01 Part 6
Thermal design handbook – Part 6: Thermal Control Surfaces
TR 17603-31-01 Part 7
Thermal design handbook – Part 7: Insulations
TR 17603-31-01 Part 8
Thermal design handbook – Part 8: Heat Pipes
TR 17603-31-01 Part 9
Thermal design handbook – Part 9: Radiators
TR 17603-31-01 Part 10
Thermal design handbook – Part 10: Phase – Change Capacitors
TR 17603-31-01 Part 11
Thermal design handbook – Part 11: Electrical Heating
TR 17603-31-01 Part 12
Thermal design handbook – Part 12: Louvers
TR 17603-31-01 Part 13
Thermal design handbook – Part 13: Fluid Loops
TR 17603-31-01 Part 14
Thermal design handbook – Part 14: Cryogenic Cooling
TR 17603-31-01 Part 15
Thermal design handbook – Part 15: Existing Satellites
TR 17603-31-01 Part 16
Thermal design handbook – Part 16: Thermal Protection System

Raumfahrttechnik - Handbuch für thermisches Design - Teil 11: Elektrisches Heizen

Ingénierie spatiale - Manuel de conception thermique - Partie 11 : Chauffage électrique

Vesoljska tehnika - Priročnik o toplotni zasnovi - 11. del: Električno ogrevanje

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 10-Aug-2021
• ICS: 49.140 - Space systems and operations
• Technical Committee: CEN/CLC/TC 5 - Space
• Drafting Committee: CEN/CLC/TC 5/WG 6 - Upstream standards
• Current Stage: 6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
• Start Date: 11-Aug-2021
• Due Date: 11-Aug-2021
• Completion Date: 11-Aug-2021
• Mandate: M/496 - Mandate addressed to CEN, CENELEC and ETSI to develop standardisation regarding space industry (Phase 3 of the process)
• Ref Project: SIST-TP CEN/CLC/TR 17603-31-11:2021 - Space engineering - Thermal design handbook - Part 11: Electrical Heating

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2021
Vesoljska tehnika - Priročnik o toplotni zasnovi - 11. del: Električno ogrevanje
Space engineering - Thermal design handbook - Part 11: Electrical Heating
Raumfahrttechnik - Handbuch für thermisches Design - Teil 11: Elektrisches Heizen
Ingénierie spatiale - Manuel de conception thermique - Partie 11: Chauffage électrique
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/CLC/TR 17603-31-11:2021
ICS:
49.140 Vesoljski sistemi in operacije Space systems and
operations
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

TECHNICAL REPORT
CEN/CLC/TR 17603-31-
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
August 2021
ICS 49.140
English version
Space engineering - Thermal design handbook - Part 11:
Electrical Heating
Ingénierie spatiale - Manuel de conception thermique - Raumfahrttechnik - Handbuch für thermisches Design -
Partie 11 : Chauffage électrique Teil 11: Elektrisches Heizen

This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 21 June 2021. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/CLC/JTC 5.

CEN and CENELEC members are the national standards bodies and national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN/CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means Ref. No. CEN/CLC/TR 17603-31-11:2021 E
reserved worldwide for CEN national Members and for
CENELEC Members.
Table of contents
European Foreword . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 8
3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 9
3.1 Terms and definitions . 9
3.2 Symbols .9
4 Electrical heating . 11
4.1 General . 11
4.1.1 Conductive element . 11
4.1.2 Electrical terminations . 11
4.1.3 Electrical insulation . 12
4.1.4 Outgassing . 13
4.2 Space applications. 14
4.2.1 Viking spacecraft . 14
4.2.2 Fltsatcom spacecraft . 14
4.2.3 OTS . 14
4.2.4 SPOT . 15
4.2.5 Miscellaneous utilization . 15
4.3 Power requirement estimation . 15
4.3.1 Simplification assumptions . 16
4.3.2 Conduction losses . 16
4.3.3 Radiation losses . 16
4.3.4 Process heat requirements . 16
4.3.5 Operating heat requirements . 16
4.3.6 Warm-up heat requirements . 17
4.4 Regulation of electrical heaters . 17

4.4.1 Temperature sensor . 18
4.4.2 Temperature controller . 18
4.5 Existing systems . 19
4.5.1 Minco Products Inc. . 19
4.5.2 Isopad Limited . 28
5 Electrical cooling . 35
5.1 General . 35
5.1.1 Description . 35
5.1.2 Advantages of use . 35
5.1.3 Physical phenomena . 35
5.1.4 Multi-stage thermoelectric devices . 36
5.1.5 Heat dissipation . 37
5.1.6 Performance characteristics . 38
5.2 Theory . 39
5.2.1 Seebeck effect . 39
5.2.2 Peltier effect . 40
5.2.3 Thomson effect . 40
5.2.4 Joule effect . 40
5.2.5 Fourier effect . 40
5.3 Space applications. 40
5.3.1 Electro-optics applications . 41
5.3.2 Fluid refrigeration . 41
5.3.3 Cooling of electronic equipment . 42
5.4 Existing systems . 42
5.4.2 Marlow Industries, Inc. . 42
5.4.3 Melcor . 45
Bibliography . 49

Figures
Figure 4-1: Temperature range of thermofoil heaters depending on insulation. From
MINCO (1989a) [6]. a) Kapton/FEP, b) Kapton/FEP Al backing, c) Nomex,
d) Silicone Rubber, e) Mica, f) Kapton/WA, g) Polyimide Glass, h)
Polyester, i) Scrim. . 13
Figure 4-2: Outgassing in a vacuum environment. Weight loss versus time.
−4
Temperature 473 K, pressure 4 x 10 Pa, preconditioning 50 % RH. From
MINCO (1973) [5]. : Cross-linked polyalkane; : Silicone
rubber, MIL-W-16878/7; : MIL-W-81044/1; : Kapton, Type HF. . 14
Figure 4-3: On/Off control. Temperature versus Time. From MINCO (1989a) [6]. . 18
Figure 4-4: Simple proportional control. Temperature versus Time. From MINCO
(1989a) [6]. . 19
Figure 4-5: Pattem of MINCO Standard. Thermofoil heaters. From MINCO (1989a) [6]. . 22
Figure 4-6: Pattem of MINCO Mica. Thermofoil heaters. Dimensions in mm. From
MINCO (1989a) [6] . 22
Figure 4-7: Pattem of MINCO. Heater Kit HK913. From MINCO (1989a) [6] . 22
Figure 4-8: Clamping attachment of a MINCO Mica. Thermofoil heater. From MINCO
(1989a) [6]. . 24
Figure 4-9: Standard ISOPAD products. (a) ISOTAPE, (b) ISOTRACE and (c)
UNITRACE. From ISOPAD (1990) [2]. . 33
Figure 5-1: Schematic of a thermoelectric cooling element. From Scott (1974) [10]. . 36
Figure 5-2: Schematic of a typical thermoelectric module assembly. Elements
electrically in series and thermally in parallel. From Scott (1974) [10]. . 36
Figure 5-3: Maximum temperature difference versus number of stages in a module.
From MARLOW (1988) [3]. 37
Figure 5-4: Temperature distribution through a thermoelectric cooling unit. From Scott
(1974) [10]. . 38
Figure 5-5: Temperature difference across a typical thermoelectric cooling unit versus
heat pumped. From Scott (1974) [10]. . 39
Figure 5-6: Spacecraft thermal control using thermoelectric devices (TEDs). From
Chapter & Johnsen (1973) [1]. . 41
Figure 5-7: MELCOR Thermoelectric Heat Pump Module configurations. From
MELCOR (1987) [4] . 47

Tables
Table 4-1: Characteristics of MINCO Thermofoil Heaters. From MINCO (1989a) [6] . 20
Table 4-2: MINCO Standard Thermofoil Heaters. Kapton, silicone rubber and Nomex
insulations. From MINCO (1989a) [6] . 21
Table 4-3: MINCO Standard Thermofoil Heaters. Mica Insulation. From MINCO
(1989a) [6] . 21
Table 4-4: Area and Electrical Resistance of the Heaters Contained in Minco Heater Kit
HK913. From MINCO (1989a) [6] . 23
Table 4-5: Characteristics of Adhesives Recommended by MINCO. From MINCO
(1989c) [8] . 25
Table 4-6: Specifications of MINCO Thermofoil Heaters. From MINCO (1989a) [6] . 27
Table 4-7: Characteristics of MINCO Lead wires Mounted in Kapton, Nomex and
Silicone Rubber Heaters. From MINCO (1989a) [6] . 28
Table 4-8: Characteristics of MINCO Lead wires mounted in Mica Heaters. From
MINCO (1989a) [6] . 28
Table 4-9: Specifications of ISOPAD electrical heaters. From ISOPAD (1990) . 30
Table 5-1: Performance characteristics and dimensions of MARLOW Standard
Thermoelectric Coolers. From MARLOW (1988) [3]. . 44
Table 5-2: MELCOR Thermoelectric Heat Pump Module Specifications. FC Series.
From MELCOR (1987) [4] . 46
Table 5-3: MELCOR Thermoelectric Heat Pump Module Specifications. CP Series.
From MELCOR (1987) [4] . 47
Table 5-4: MELCOR Wire Standards. From MELCOR (1987) [4] . 48

European Foreword
This document (CEN/CLC/TR 17603-31-11:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee
CEN/CLC/JTC 5 “Space”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
It is highlighted that this technical report does not contain any requirement but only collection of data
or descriptions and guidelines about how to organize and perform the work in support of EN 16603-
31.
This Technical report (TR 17603-31-11:2021) originates from ECSS-E-HB-31-01 Part 11A .
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and
the European Free Trade Association.
This document has been developed to cover specifically space systems a
...