EN ISO 9391:1995
(Main)Water quality - Sampling in deep waters for macro-invertebrates - Guidance on the use of colonization, qualitative and quantitative samplers (ISO 9391:1993)
Water quality - Sampling in deep waters for macro-invertebrates - Guidance on the use of colonization, qualitative and quantitative samplers (ISO 9391:1993)
The colonization samplers described allow water quality to be assessed by providing a collection of macro-invertebrates indicative of the water quality at the sites of concern. They do not sample the natural invertebrate fauna, which may be restricted by physical conditions unrelated to water quality, and are to be used when studying lowland river waters of depth over 1 m. The deep water samplers described are for use in rivers deeper than 1 m on substrata ranging from mud to stones. They are unsuitable when sampling over macrophytes or stones of sizes greater than about 15 cm, or in very fast flowing water.
Wasserbeschaffenheit - Probenahme von Makro-Invertebraten aus tiefen Gewässern - Anleitung zum Einsatz von qualitativen und quantitativen Sammlern und Besiedlungskörpern (ISO 9391:1993)
Diese internationale Norm ist eine Hilfe zum Gebrauch von Besiedlungskörpern und dem Sammeln von Makro-Invertebraten mit qualitativen und quantitativen Sammlern in tiefen Flüssen. Besiedlungskörper erlauben die Bewertung der Wasserbeschaffenheit, indem sie die Ansiedlung einer Lebensgemeinschaft von Makro-Invertebraten ermöglichen, die für die Wasserbeschaffenheit von Bedeutung ist. Besiedlungskörper sammeln nicht die natürliche Invertebraten- Fauna, die durch die physikalischen Bedingungen, die in keiner Beziehung zur Wasserbeschaffenheit stehen, beschränkt wird.
Qualité de l'eau - Echantillonnage de macro-invertébrés en eaux profondes - Guide d'utilisation des échantillonneurs de colonisation, qualitatifs et quantitatifs (ISO 9391:1993)
La présente Norme internationale donne des directives générales sur l'utilisation des échantillonneurs de colonisation et sur l'échantillonnage des macro-invertébrés à l'aide d'échantillonneurs qualitatifs et quantitatifs pour les rivières profondes. Les échantillonneurs de colonisation permettent d'évaluer la qualité de l'eau en fournissant une collection de macro-invertébrés représentative de la qualité de l'eau sur les sites concernés; les échantillonneurs de colonisation n'échantillonnent pas la faune naturelle d'invertébrés, qui peut être réduite par des conditions physiques sans rapport avec la qualité de l'eau. Ils doivent être utilisés lorsqu'on étudie les eaux de rivières de plaine d'une profondeur supérieure à 1 m. Ils ne sont pas recommandés lorsqu'ils peuvent donner lieu à une accumulation de débris, subir des inondations, être exposés au-dessus du niveau de l'eau, faire l'objet d'actes de vandalisme ou de problèmes d'ancrage. Les échantillonneurs d'eaux profondes doivent être utilisés dans des rivières d'une profondeur supérieure à 1 m et sur des substrats allant de la boue aux pierres. Ils sont inutilisables pour un échantillonnage sur macrophytes ou pierres d'une taille supérieure à environ 15 cm, ou dans des eaux à courant rapide.
Kakovost vode - Vzorčenje velikih nevretenčarjev v globokih vodah - Navodilo za uporabo naselitvenih, kvalitativnih in kvantitativnih vzorčevalnikov (ISO 9391:1993)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-1997
.DNRYRVWYRGH9]RUþHQMHYHOLNLKQHYUHWHQþDUMHYYJORERNLKYRGDK1DYRGLOR]D
XSRUDERQDVHOLWYHQLKNYDOLWDWLYQLKLQNYDQWLWDWLYQLKY]RUþHYDOQLNRY ,62
Water quality - Sampling in deep waters for macro-invertebrates - Guidance on the use
of colonization, qualitative and quantitative samplers (ISO 9391:1993)
Wasserbeschaffenheit - Probenahme von Makro-Invertebraten aus tiefen Gewässern -
Anleitung zum Einsatz von qualitativen und quantitativen Sammlern und
Besiedlungskörpern (ISO 9391:1993)
Qualité de l'eau - Echantillonnage de macro-invertébrés en eaux profondes - Guide
d'utilisation des échantillonneurs de colonisation, qualitatifs et quantitatifs (ISO
9391:1993)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 9391:1995
ICS:
13.060.10 Voda iz naravnih virov Water of natural resources
13.060.70 Preiskava bioloških lastnosti Examination of biological
vode properties of water
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
First edition
1993-1 O-l 5
Water quality - Sampling in deep waters
for macro-invertebrates - Guidance on
the use of colonization, qualitative and
quantitative Samplers
Qualit6 de I’eau
- ichan tillonnage de macro-invertebks en eaux
profondes - Guide d’utilisation des khantillonneurs de colonisation,
qualita tifs et quan tita tifs
Reference number
ISO 9391: 1993(E)
ISO 9391:1993(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national Standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work
of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Esch member body interested in a subject for
which a technical committee has been established has the right to be
represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission
(1 EC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting
a vote.
International Standard ISO 9391 was prepared by Technical Committee
ISOnC 147, Water quality, Sub-Committee SC 5, Biological methods.
Annexes A and B form an integral part of this International Standard.
0 ISO 1993
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or
by any means, electronie or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without per-
mission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case Postale 56 l CH-l 211 Geneve 20 l Switzerland
Printed in Switzerland
ii
ISO 9391:1993(E)
Introduction
A major Problem when using benthic macro-invertebrate communities as
indicators of water quality in rivers is the inherent natura1 differentes in
community structure caused by factors other than water quality, for ex-
ample current velocity and the nature of the substratum. In upland rivers,
riffles provide suitable comparable sampling sites where differentes in
water quality tan be detected biologically. In lowland rivers, suitably lo-
cated riffles may not be available, and in larger deeper rivers riffles may
be totally absent. In addition, methods suitable in shallow waters are not
practicable for deeper, waters where alternative methods have to be used.
Therefore, although desirable for purposes of comparison, it is not poss-
ible to adopt a Standard method of sampling for the benthos of all rivers.
In lowland rivers, riffles are not always available for sampling and therefore
a corresponding Standard benthic biotope for comparison using water
quality is not always available. Although the smaller, slow-flowing lowland
rivers with a depositing substratum and rooted plants support a charac-
teristic rich macro-invertebrate fauna, such biotopes are not always avail-
able in the lower stretches of larger rivers. In such rivers, the benthic
macro-invertebrate fauna may be severely restricted by adverse physical
conditions such as a strong current flowing over a substratum of bed-rock,
or an unstable substratum of deposited silt which is subject to frequent
scouring by high river currents. lt is therefore necessary to use an alter-
native biotope for the assessment of the biological quality of lowland riv-
ers, which is independent of the natura1 substratum. This need is fulfilled
by the colonization Sampler, which provides an artificial substratum, al-
though it is accepted that this may be more selective of the flora and fauna
present in the habitat.
If the location is suitable for actual sampling, the choice of the type of
Sampler to be used is largely dictated by one of the following three broad
objectives.
a) List of taxa, for example families, with no measure of relative or ab-
solute abundante. (The minimum requirement is a Sampler that ade-
quately collects material from all types of micro-habitat on the river
bottom. A dredge would suffice.)
b) The relative abundante of species. For this purpose, the Sampler has
to be operated in a Standard manner for all the types of substrata that
are to be investigated. Although a qualitative Sampler, for example a
dredge, is adequate, quantitative Samplers are preferable because their
Performance is less affected by the Operator.
c) The number or biomass of invertebrates per unit area. Only quantitative
Samplers, for example grabs, corers, air-lift Samplers, tan be used for
this purpose and many replicate sampling units need to be taken for
each type of habitat.
. . .
Hl
This page intentionaily left blank
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 9391:1993(E)
Water quality - Sampling in deep waters for
macro-invertebrates - Guidance on the use of
colonization, qualitative and quantitative Samplers
WARNING - SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Working alone is not recommended, particularly with high current velocities, deep waters, unstable
beds and with boats. Boats should be equipped to meet at least the minimum national safety
requirements. Users of compressed air should ensure that appropriate pressure regulators, piping
and hoses are installed.
part of ISO 9391 are encouraged to investigate the
1 Scope
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the
Standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO
maintain registers of currently valid International
Standards.
This International Standard provides guidance on the
ISO 5667-3:1985, Water quality - Sampling -
use of colonization Samplers and the sampling of
Part 3: Guidance on the preservation and handling of
macro-invertebrates using qualitative and quantitative
Samplers for deep rivers. samples.
Colonization Samplers allow water quality to be as-
ISO 7828:1985, Water quality - Methods of biologi-
sessed by providing a collection of macro-
Guidance on handnet sampling of
cal sampling -
invertebrates indicative of the water quality at the
aqua tic ben thic macro-invertebrates.
sites of concern. They do not Sample the natura1
invertebrate fauna, which may be restricted by physi-
cal conditions unrelated to water quality. They are to 3 Definitions
be used when studying lowland river waters of depth
over 1 m. They are not recommended when they For the purposes of this International Standard, the
could be subjected to debris accumulation, floods,
definitions given in ISO 7828 and the following defi-
exposure above the water level, vandalism or
nition apply.
anchorage Problems.
3.1 deep water: Water from 1 m below the water
The deep water Samplers are for use in rivers deeper
surface to the limiting depth for efficient sampling.
than 1 m and on substrata ranging from mud to
stones. They are unsuitable when sampling over
macrophytes or stones of sizes greater than about
4 Colonization Samplers
15 cm, or in very fast flowing water.
4.1 Principle
2 Normative references
Standard artificial substrata are positioned in deep
rivers and left for a period of several weeks. The arti-
The following Standards contain provisions which,
ficial substrata are colonized by macro-invertebrates
through reference in this text, constitute provisions
during this period. The artificial substrata are then re-
of this part of ISO 9391. At the time of publication, the
editions indicated were valid. All Standards are subject moved from the river to allow qualitative or quantita-
to revision, and Parties to agreements based on this tive assessment of the colonization.
4.2 Sampling equipment In depositing zones, the weight at the base of the
Sampler should penetrate into the surface mud until
the colonization Sampler rests on the surface sub-
4.2.1 Standard colonization bag
stratum. If the Penetration of the Sampler is too much,
a board of marine ply, for example, should be fixed to
Esch bag consists of approximately 40 pieces of a
the base of the Sampler before immersion.
biological filter medium as used in sewage treatment,
such as slag, placed inside a coarse mesh Polyamide
4.3.2 Period of submersion
bag. Although the size and type of slag will vary on a
regional basis, including the surface area to volume
To give a good assessment of the water quality, it is
ratio, it is recommended that slag of a nominal size
recommended that colonization Samplers are left in
of 40 mm + 5 mm be used, to reduce the Overall
place in the river being sampled for a period of four
mass of the Sampler and prevent complete submer-
weeks. If such a period of immersion is impracticable,
sion and fouling in a mud substratum.
a feasibility study is recommended to determine the
Optimum colonization time at different sites.
4.2.2 Standard colonization unit
4.3.3 Replication
Esch unit consists of about 14 pieces of a plastics
biological filter medium assembled into a cylindrical
As there is usually only a limited amount of time
shape (see figure l), wherein two layers each of a
available for routine Surveillance work, it is rec-
Single central piece surrounded by six peripheral ones
ommended that a minimum of three replicates should
are joined together, for example by using Polyamide
be taken at each sampling site, with the number of
string or Straps. To minimize the loss of animals whilst
taxa combined in the data analysis and interpretation.
retrieving the Sampler, the lower quarter, including the
base, is covered with a Polyamide gauze of ten
meshes per centimetre. 4.3.4 Retrieval
After the period of immersion, the Samplers should
4.3 Procedure
be removed from the river, care being taken to pre-
vent any loss of organisms. This is facilitated by using
a handnet and placing it immediately downstream of
4.3.1 Location
the Sampler, and by moving the net under the Sampler
as the Sampler is lifted from the bed of the river. In
lt should be ensured that the colonization Sampler
deeper waters, the mesh base of the Standard
4.2.1 or 4.2.2) is placed in the main flow of the river
colonization unit prevents any initial loss of organisms
and not in any backwater or static area, unless the
when lifting the Sampler from the river bed. In prac-
quality of these locations is specifically required. The
tice, it has been found useful to use the net to assist
Sampler should be sufficiently covered by water and
in lifting the Sampler from the river. The complete
remote from the bank to minimize any likelihood of
Sampler (excluding any weight), together with any
vandalism, becoming exposed during drought, or the
animals in the handnet, should be placed in a strong
river level dropping thus causing fouling with extra-
plastics Container in a small quantity of water and
neous matter.
sealed for transport to the laboratory.
4.3.1 .l Shallow waters
If, for any reason, there is a delay in returning to the
laboratoty, preservation of the Sampler and its con-
When sampling in relatively shallow waters, namely
tents should be carried out (see ISO 5667-3).
about 1 m deep, a Standard colonization unit (4.2.2)
should be pinned onto the bed of the river using a
4.3.5 Laboratory sorting
steel rod, with a rubber bung fixed on the rod above
the Sampler to prevent any upward movement.
The contents of the Sampler and the Container should
be placed in a sieve of aperture size 4 mm and
4.3.1.2 Deep waters
washed through into a fine retaining sieve of aperture
size 250 Pm to ensure that all animals dislodged from
In deep waters, namely greater than 1 m deep, where
the Sampler are trapped (see annex B). This tan be
it is impossible to peg a Standard colonization unit to
best achieved by placing the colonization unit upside
the river bed, it is essential that the Sampler be held
down on the sieve and washing out the contents of
against the bed of the river. This is easily achieved by
the unit with water.
using a weight, such as house bricks which are tied
to the Sampler via a synthetic-fibre cord that is passed
Macro-invertebrates which spin nets or threads
vertically through the centre of the Sampler. If a
(Hydropsyche ssp., Simulium ssp.) or build
synthetic-fibre cord is used, it should be attached curvispinum,
mucilaginous tubes (Corophium
securely to the bank, preferably in a concealed pos-
Chironomidae) are best removed by spraying the unit
ition above the high-water mark.
with a jet of water. The Substrate should be inspected
ISO 9391:1993(E)
and attached invertebrates which were not removed remove, but placing the unit in a dilute Solution of
by spraying should be picked off with forceps. Cased formalin [about 0,4 % (WV) formaldehyde] or warm
caddis (particularly Limnephilidae, Phyganeidae and water quickly dislodges the ani
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.