EN ISO 1716:2002
(Main)Reaction to fire tests for building products - Determination of the heat of combustion (ISO 1716:2002)
Reaction to fire tests for building products - Determination of the heat of combustion (ISO 1716:2002)
This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the heat of combustion of building products at constant volume in a bomb calorimeter.
This European Standard describes a test method for the measurement of the gross heat of combustion (PCS). Annex A describes the calculation of the net heat of combustion (PCI) when required.
Information on the precision of the test method is given in Annex B.
Prüfungen zum Brandverhalten von Bauprodukten - Bestimmung der Verbrennungswärme (ISO 1716:2002)
Diese Europäische Norm legt ein Prüfverfahren fest, mit dem die Verbrennungswärme von Bauprodukten bei konstantem Volumen in einer Kalorimeterbombe bestimmt wird.
Diese Europäische Norm beschreibt ein Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung der Brutto-Verbrennungswärme (PCS). Für den Fall, dass die Netto-Verbrennungswärme (PCI) ermittelt werden muss, enthält Anhang A ein entsprechendes Rechenverfahren.
Anhang B enthält Angaben zur Genauigkeit des Prüfverfahrens.
Essais de réaction au feu des produits de construction - Détermination de la chaleur de combustion (ISO 1716:2002)
La présente Norme européenne prescrit une méthode permettant de déterminer le pouvoir calorifique des produits de construction, à un volume constant à l'intérieur d'une bombe calorimétrique.
Cette norme décrit une méthode d'essai pour le mesurage du pouvoir calorifique supérieur (PCS). L'annexe A décrit le calcul du pouvoir calorifique net (PCI).
L'annexe B fournit des informations sur la fidélité de la méthode d'essai.
Preskusi odziva gradbenih proizvodov na ogenj - Ugotavljanje specifične toplote zgorevanja (ISO 1716:2002)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 1716:2002
01-september-2002
3UHVNXVLRG]LYDJUDGEHQLKSURL]YRGRYQDRJHQM8JRWDYOMDQMHVSHFLILþQHWRSORWH
]JRUHYDQMD ,62
Reaction to fire tests for building products - Determination of the heat of combustion (ISO
1716:2002)
Prüfungen zum Brandverhalten von Bauprodukten - Bestimmung der
Verbrennungswärme (ISO 1716:2002)
Essais de réaction au feu des produits de construction - Détermination de la chaleur de
combustion (ISO 1716:2002)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 1716:2002
ICS:
13.220.50 Požarna odpornost Fire-resistance of building
gradbenih materialov in materials and elements
elementov
SIST EN ISO 1716:2002 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 1716:2002
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SIST EN ISO 1716:2002
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 1716
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
February 2002
ICS 13.220.30
English version
Reaction to fire tests for building products - Determination of the
heat of combustion (ISO 1716:2002)
Essais de réaction au feu des produits de construction - Prüfungen zum Brandverhalten von Bauprodukten -
Détermination de la chaleur de combustion (ISO Bestimmung der Verbrennungswärme (ISO 1716:2002)
1716:2002)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 6 January 2002.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2002 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 1716:2002 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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EN ISO 1716:2002 (E)
Contents
Foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope. 6
2 Normative references. 6
3 Terms and definitions. 6
4 Test apparatus. 7
4.1 General . 7
4.2 Calorimetric bomb. 8
4.3 Calorimeter . 8
4.3.1 Jacket . 8
4.3.2 Calorimetric vessel . 8
4.3.3 Stirrer. 8
4.4 Temperature measuring device. 8
4.5 The crucible . 9
4.6 Timing device . 9
4.7 Electric power source. 9
4.8 Pressure gauge and needle-valve . 9
4.9 Balances. 9
4.10 Device for making the “cigarette” . 9
4.11 Device for making the pellet . 9
4.12 Reagents . 9
5 Test specimen . 10
5.1 General . 10
5.2 Sampling . 10
5.2.1 General . 10
5.2.2 Loose-fill material. 10
5.2.3 Liquid applied products. 10
5.3 Determination of surface density . 10
5.4 Grinding . 10
5.5 Type of specimen. 11
5.6 Number of test specimens . 11
5.7 Determination of mass. 11
5.8 Crucible method. 11
Cigarette’’ method. 11
6 Conditioning . 12
7 Test procedure . 12
7.1 General . 12
7.2 Calibration procedure. 12
7.2.1 Determination of the water equivalent. 12
7.2.2 Conditions for re-calibration. 13
7.3 Standard test procedure. 13
8 Expression of results. 14
8.1 Corrections for manual apparatus . 14
8.2 Corrections for isothermal calorimeter (see annex C). 14
8.3 Calculation of the gross heat of combustion of the specimen . 14
8.4 Calculation of the gross heat of combustion of the product . 15
8.4.1 General . 15
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8.4.2 Homogeneous product. 16
8.4.3 Non-homogeneous product . 16
9 Test report. 16
10 Validity of test results. 17
Annex A (normative) Calculation of net heat of combustion. 22
Annex B (informative) Precision of test method . 23
Annex C (informative) Calculation by graph of the corrective term “c” necessary because
of the cooling of the calorimeter . 26
Annex D (informative) Example of determination of the gross heat of combustion of a
non-homogeneous product . 27
D.1 Non-homogeneous product to be tested. 27
D.2 Sampling of the non-homogeneous product . 27
D.2.1 Delamination of the product . 27
D.2.2 Determination of the area weight of each component . 28
D.3 Determination of the gross heat of combustion of each component. 28
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EN ISO 1716:2002 (E)
Foreword
This document has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN /TC 127 "Fire safety in buildings",
the secretariat of which is held by BSI, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 92 "Fire
safety", SC 1 "Fire initiation and growth".
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and
the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of the Construction
Products Directive.
This document shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2002, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn by December 2003.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this document: Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
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Introduction
In this test a test specimen of specified mass is burned under standardized conditions, at constant
volume, in an atmosphere of oxygen, in a bomb calorimeter calibrated by combustion of certified
benzoic acid. The heat of combustion determined under these conditions is calculated on the basis of
the observed temperature rise, taking account of heat loss and the latent heat of vaporisation of
water.
It should be noted that this is a test method for determining an absolute value of the heat of
combustion for a product and does not take into account any inherent variability of the product.
Safety warning
So that suitable precautions are taken to safeguard health, the attention of all persons concerned in
fire tests is drawn to the possibility that toxic or harmful gases may be evolved in the combustion of
test specimens. In this test procedure, suitable measures should be taken to prevent harm in the
event of an explosion.
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1 Scope
This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the heat of combustion of
building products at constant volume in a bomb calorimeter.
This European Standard describes a test method for the measurement of the gross heat of
combustion (PCS). Annex A describes the calculation of the net heat of combustion (PCI) when
required.
Information on the precision of the test method is given in Annex B.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference provisions from other
publications. These normative references are cited at appropriate places in the text and the
publications are listed hereafter. For dated references subsequent amendments to or revisions of any
of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or
revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including
amendments).
EN 13238, Reaction to fire tests for building products — Conditioning procedures and general rules
for selection of substrates
EN ISO 13943:2000, Fire safety — Vocabulary (ISO 13943:2000)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 13943:2000,
together with the following terms and definitions, apply.
3.1
product
material, element or component about which information is required
3.2
material
single basic substance or uniformly dispersed mixture of substances e.g. metal, stone, timber,
concrete, mineral wool with uniformly dispersed binder, polymers
3.3
homogeneous product
product consisting of a single material having uniform density and composition throughout the product
3.4
non-homogeneous product
product that does not satisfy the requirements of a homogeneous product and which is composed of
more than one component, substantial and/or non-substantial
3.5
substantial component
material that constitutes a significant part of a non-homogeneous product, a layer of which having a
2
mass/unit area 1,0 kg/m or a thickness 1,0 mm
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3.6
non-substantial component
material that does not constitute a significant part of a non-homogeneous product. A layer with a
2
mass/unit area < 1,0 kg/m and a thickness < 1,0 mm is considered to be a non-substantial component
Two or more non-substantial layers that are adjacent to each other (i.e. with no substantial
component(s) in between the layers) are regarded as one non-substantial component when they
collectively comply with the requirements for a layer being a non-substantial component.
3.7
internal non-substantial component
non-substantial component that is covered on both sides by at least one substantial component
3.8
external non-substantial component
non-substantial component that is not covered on one side by a substantial component
3.9
heat of combustion
thermal energy produced by combustion of unit mass of a given substance
NOTE It is expressed in joules per kilogram.
[EN ISO 13943:2000]
3.10
gross heat of combustion, PCS (MJ/kg)
heat of combustion of a substance when the combustion is complete and any produced water is
entirely condensed under specified conditions
[EN ISO 13943:2000]
3.11
net heat of combustion, PCI (MJ/kg)
heat of combustion of a substance when the combustion is complete and any produced water is in the
vapour state under specified conditions
NOTE The net heat of combustion may be calculated from the gross heat of combustion.
[EN ISO 13943:2000]
3.12
latent heat of vaporisation of water (MJ/kg)
heat which is required to change water from a liquid to a gas
4 Test apparatus
4.1 General
The test apparatus is illustrated in Figure 1, and is detailed in 4.2 to 4.12. All dimensions given in the
following description are nominal values, unless tolerances are specified.
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4.2 Calorimetric bomb
The calorimetric bomb shall be constructed as follows:
a) volume: (300 ± 50) ml;
b) mass not greater than 3,25 kg;
c) casing thickness at least 1/10 of the inner diameter of the body.
The lid is intended to receive the crucible and the electric firing device. The lid, including any seals,
shall be capable of withstanding an internal pressure of 21 MPa.
NOTE These conditions define a bomb in which 1 g of coal under an initial oxygen pressure no greater than
3 MPa (pressure gauge method) is able to withstand, with a sufficient coefficient of safety, the maximum amount
of pressure created under combustion, without a need for a calorimetric bomb of overlarge mass.
The inner surface of the bomb shall be resistant to attack by products of combustion and, even when
“fuels” rich in sulphur are used, it shall resist pitting and inter-crystalline corrosion by acids produced
during combustion.
4.3 Calorimeter
4.3.1 Jacket
The jacket shall be a double walled container, which is thermally insulated together with an insulated
lid. The jacket is filled with water. The dimensions of the jacket shall be such that there is at least 10
mm space around the calorimetric vessel. The calorimetric vessel shall be supported on an area as
small as possible of non-conducting material preferably a 3 point support.
For an adiabatic calorimeter system, a heater and thermometer system shall be incorporated into the
vessel so that the water temperature in the jacket is maintained at the same temperature as the water
in the calorimetric vessel.
For an isothermal calorimeter system, the temperature of the water in the jacket shall be kept
constant. For an isothermal calorimeter, the necessary corrections shall be made (see 8.2).
4.3.2 Calorimetric vessel
This shall be a polished metal container designed to accommodate the bomb. The dimensions shall
be such that the bomb can be immersed in water(see 7.3 d)).
4.3.3 Stirrer
A stirrer driven by a constant speed motor shall be provided. To prevent the transfer of heat to and
from the calorimeter, the driving shaft of the stirrer shall have a thermally insulated section in a gasket
between the jacket lid and the jacket. A magnetic stirring device with a similar performance is an
acceptable alternative.
4.4 Temperature measuring device
The temperature measuring device shall be capable of giving a resolution of 0,005 K.
When using a mercury thermometer, this shall have at least 0,01 K graduations with a device e.g. a
lens, for taking readings to within 0,005 K. A mechanical vibrator shall also be used to tap gently the
thermometer to ensure the mercury column does not stick.
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4.5 The crucible
The crucible may be made of metal, such as platinum, nickel, stainless steel, or silica, with a flat base,
25 mm in diameter (maximum dimension if it is truncated) and 14 mm to 19 mm high. The following
wall thickness is recommended:
Metal: 1,0 mm
Silica: 1,5 mm
NOTE Several shapes of crucible have proved satisfactory.
4.6 Timing device
The timing device shall be capable of recording elapsed time to the nearest second and shall be
accurate to within 1 s in 1 h.
4.7 Electric power source
The voltage to the firing circuit shall not exceed 20 V for the firing. An ammeter shall be added to the
circuit to indicate the breaking of the firing wire. A circuit breaker is a useful addition to the supply
circuit.
4.8 Pressure gauge and needle-valve
These shall be attached to the oxygen supply circuit to show the pressure in the bomb while it is being
filled; this pressure shall be indicated with a resolution of 0,1 MPa.
4.9 Balances
Two balances are required:
an analytical balance with an accuracy of 0,1 mg.
a balance with an accuracy of 0,1 g.
4.10 Device for making the “cigarette”
The device and the procedure for making the “cigarette” are shown in Figure 2. The device for
producing the “cigarette” comprises a mould and a metallic mandrel (not aluminium).
4.11 Device for making the pellet
If prefabricated pellets are not available, a suitable device for making the pellet shall be used.
4.12 Reagents
4.12.1 Distilled or de-mineralised water.
4.12.2 Pressurized oxygen, free from any other combustible product (purity 99,5 %).
NOTE Oxygen prepared by electrolysis may contain a small percentage of hydrogen, which makes it
unsuitable for this use.
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4.12.3 Powder or pellet of benzoic acid “reference standard for calorimetry” whose gross heat of
combustion is guaranteed.
4.12.4 Combustion aid, with a known heat of combustion e.g. paraffin oil.
4.12.5 Cigarette making paper, which is pre-glued and of minimum dimensions 55 mm 50 mm
with a known heat of combustion.
NOTE A commercially available cigarette making paper of 55 mm x 100 mm has been found suitable when
cut into two equal pieces.
4.12.6 Firing wire made of pure iron shall be 0,1 mm in diameter e.g. piano wire. Other types of
metal wire (e.g. platinum, nickel or chromium) may be used, provided that they break under their own
tension when the switch is closed on the firing circuit and the exact heat of combustion for the wire is
known. When using a metal crucible (see 4.5), there shall be no contact between the firing wire and
the crucible. It is therefore advisable to wrap the metal wire with a cotton thread.
4.12.7 A thread made of white cellulosic cotton (see 4.12.6).
5 Test specimen
5.1 General
A product shall be evaluated through each of its components, taking into account the rules for non-
substantial components. If a non-homogeneous product cannot be delaminated, its components shall
be provided separately. A product can be delaminated when it is possible to separate one component
from another without any part of the other component adhering to the component to be evaluated.
5.2 Sampling
5.2.1 General
From a representative amount of a homogeneous product, or a component of a non-homogeneous
product, compose a sample from at least five randomly selected parts taken from across the
thickness. A minimum mass of 50 g shall be taken from a homogeneous product and a substantial
component of a non-homogeneous product. A minimum mass of 10 g shall be taken for a non-
substantial component of a non-homogeneous product.
5.2.2 Loose-fill material
A sample shall be taken at random from the product of a minimum mass of 50 g.
5.2.3 Liquid applied products
A sample of a minimum mass of 10 g of dried material shall be prepared.
5.3 Determination of surface density
Where required, the surface density of each component of a product shall be determined to an
accuracy of ± 0,5 % from a minimum area of 250 mm 250 mm.
For liquid applied products, the dried weight shall be determined.
5.4 Grinding
The samples as defined in 5.2 shall be reduced gradually to provide the final test sample. Grinding
shall be carried out in such a way that no thermal decomposition takes place. Grind the sample and
reduce it with a method of cross reduction, grinding to a finer powder as reduction proceeds.
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If the sample cannot be ground, reduce it by any appropriate method into small granules or pieces
and treat the specimens obtained as a powder.
5.5 Type of specimen
Each time a fine powder can be obtained by grinding (see 5.4) the test specimen shall be prepared
using the crucible method (see 5.8). If a fine powder cannot be obtained by grinding and/or when a
complete combustion cannot be obtained when using the crucible method, the test specimen shall be
prepared using the “cigarette” method (see 5.9).
5.6 Number of test specimens
Three test specimens shall be tested following the procedure in 7.3. Two additional test specimens
shall be tested if the requirements for validity of test results are not met (see clause 10). More than
three specimens may be tested as required for any classification system.
5.7 Determination of mass
Weigh to the nearest 0,1 mg the various elements:
0,5 g material;
0,5 g benzoic acid;
firing wire, cotton thread and cigarette paper if necessary.
NOTE 1 For some products with a high heat of combustion, the combustion aid may be reduced or excluded.
NOTE 2 For some materials with a low heat of combustion, it may be necessary to increase the gross heat of
combustion of the specimen in order to obtain complete combustion by changing the mass ratio between the
material and the benzoic acid from 1:1 to 1:2, or by adding a combustion aid.
5.8 Crucible method
The procedure shall be carried out as follows (see Figure 3):
a) Insert the previously weighed mixture of specimen and benzoic acid into the crucible.
b) Connect the previously weighed firing wire to the two electrodes.
c) Loop down the firing wire to touch the powder in the crucible.
5.9 ’’Cigarette’’ method
The procedure shall be carried out as follows (see Figure 2):
a) Place a previously weighed firing wire down the centre of the mandrel.
b) Wrap the previously weighed “cigarette” paper around the mandrel and glue the two overlapping
edges together. No additional glue shall be used since the “cigarette” paper is pre-glued.
Sufficient paper shall be left free at each end to allow this to be twisted around the firing wire.
c) Twist the paper around the firing wire at the lower end of the mandrel and insert the whole
assembly into the mould. The firing wire shall project through the bottom of the mould.
NOTE A clearance of 0,5 mm between the mandrel and the mould should allow easy positioning of the
assembly.
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d) Remove the mandrel.
e) Insert the previously weighed mixture of specimen and benzoic acid into the “cigarette” paper.
f) Remove the filled “cigarette” from the mould and twist together the ends of the paper to seal the
“cigarette”.
g) Weigh the “cigarette” to ensure the total mass does not vary from the masses of the constituents
by more than 10 mg.
h) Put the “cigarette” into the crucible.
i) Connect the firing wire to the two electrodes.
6 Conditioning
The powdered specimen, the benzoic acid and the cigarette paper shall be conditioned before test
according to EN 13238.
7 Test procedure
7.1 General
Carry out the test in a room under normal laboratory conditions. It is recommended that the room
temperature remains stable. For manual apparatus, the difference between the room temperature and
the vessel water temperature shall not vary by more than ± 2 K.
7.2 Calibration procedure
7.2.1 Determination of the water equivalent
The water equivalent E (MJ/K) of the calorimeter, the bomb and their accessories shall be determined
by making at least five determinations of the gross heat of combustion of pellets of 0,4 g to 1,0 g of
certified benzoic acid .
The procedure shall be carried out as follows:
a) Compress the previously weighed powder of benzoic acid, using a pellet-making machine, to
make a pellet or take a prefabricated pellet. Prefabricated certified pellets of benzoic acid may be
used under the condition that the certified gross heat of combustion of the pellets is the same as
the certified gross heat of combustion of the powder used for the tests.
b) Weigh the pellet, to the nearest 0,1 mg
c) Put the pellet into the crucible.
d) Connect the firing wire to the two electrodes.
e) Loop down the previously weighed firing wire to touch the pellet.
The test shall be carried out as specified in 7.3. The water equivalent E expressed in MJ/K shall be
the average of the five determinations. Each individual result shall not deviate more than 0,2 % from
the water e
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