prEN 16851
(Main)Cranes - Light crane systems
Cranes - Light crane systems
This document applies to:
— light crane systems, either suspended or free-standing systems, where the rated capacity of any single hoist mechanism is 4 t or less;
— pillar- and wall-mounted jib cranes, without an operator's cabin, whose rated capacity is 10 t or less and whose overturning load moment is 500 kNm or less.
NOTE 1 For illustration of crane types, see Annex C.
This document is not applicable to cranes covered by another product specific crane standard, e.g. EN 15011:2020 or EN 14985:2012, see Annex E.
This document is applicable to cranes and crane systems, whose structures are made of steel or aluminium, excluding aluminium structures containing welded joints.
This document gives requirements for all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to cranes, when used as intended, foreseeable misuse and under foreseen conditions (see Annex A).
NOTE 2 Automated operation can be subject to additional requirements. Guidance is given in Annex F.
The specific hazards due to potentially explosive atmospheres, ionizing radiation, operation in electro-magnetic fields beyond the range of EN IEC 61000-6-2:2019 and operation in pharmacy or food industry are not covered by this document.
This document does not cover hazards related to the lifting of persons.
This document is not applicable to cranes manufactured before the date of its publication.
Krane - Leichtkransysteme
Dieses Dokument gilt für:
Leichtkransysteme, entweder hängende oder freistehende Systeme, bei denen die Nennkapazität eines einzelnen Hubwerks 4 t oder weniger beträgt;
Säulenschwenkkrane und Wandschwenkkrane ohne Fahrerkabine mit einer Nennkapazität von 10 t oder weniger und einem umkippbaren Lastmoment von 500 kNm oder weniger.
ANMERKUNG 1 Zur Veranschaulichung der Kranarten, siehe Anhang C.
Dieses Dokument gilt nicht für Krane, die unter eine andere produktspezifische Norm für Krane fallen, z. B. EN 15011:2020 oder EN 14985:2012, siehe Anhang E.
Dieses Dokument gilt für Krane und Kransysteme, deren Tragwerke aus Stahl oder Aluminium bestehen, ausgenommen Aluminiumtragwerke mit geschweißten Verbindungsstellen.
Dieses Dokument enthält Anforderungen für alle wesentlichen Gefährdungen, Gefährdungssituationen und Gefährdungsereignisse, die für Krane relevant sind, wenn sie bestimmungsgemäß und unter vom Hersteller vorgesehenen Bedingungen verwendet werden (siehe Anhang A).
ANMERKUNG 2 Der automatische Betrieb kann zusätzlichen Anforderungen unterliegen. Leitlinien sind in Anhang F angegeben.
Besondere Gefährdungen durch explosionsgefährdete Bereiche, ionisierende Strahlung und Einsatz in elektromagnetischen Feldern, über den Anwendungsbereich von EN IEC 61000 6 2:2019 hinaus sowie Einsatz im Pharmazie- und Lebensmittelsektor, werden in diesem Dokument nicht behandelt.
Dieses Dokument behandelt nicht die Gefährdungen, die beim Heben von Personen auftreten.
Dieses Dokument gilt nicht für Krane, die vor dem Veröffentlichungsdatum dieses Dokuments hergestellt wurden.
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Systèmes de grue légère
Le présent document s’applique :
— aux systèmes de grue légère, soit suspendus, soit autoporteurs, dont la capacité nominale de chaque mécanisme de levage unitaire est inférieure ou égale à 4 t ;
— aux grues à flèche à colonne et aux grues à flèche murales, sans cabine, de capacité nominale inférieure ou égale à 10 t et de moment de renversement de charge inférieur ou égal à 500 kNm.
NOTE 1 L’Annexe C donne des illustrations de ces types de grues.
Le présent document ne s’applique pas aux appareils de levage à charge suspendue couverts par une autre norme spécifique produit, par exemple l’EN 15011:2020 ou l’EN 14985:2012 ; voir l’Annexe E.
Le présent document s’applique aux systèmes de grues et appareils de levage à charge suspendue dont les structures sont en acier ou en aluminium, à l’exception des structures en aluminium comportant des assemblages soudés.
Le présent document spécifie les exigences relatives à l’ensemble des phénomènes, situations et événements dangereux majeurs relatifs aux appareils de levage à charge suspendue, lorsque ceux-ci sont utilisés comme prévu, dans des conditions de mauvais usage prévisible et dans des conditions prévisibles (voir l’Annexe A).
NOTE 2 Le fonctionnement automatisé peut être soumis à des exigences supplémentaires. Des recommandations sont données à l’Annexe F.
Les phénomènes dangereux spécifiques dus à des atmosphères potentiellement explosives, aux rayonnements ionisants, à l’utilisation dans des champs électromagnétiques allant au-delà de la plage de l’EN IEC 61000-6-2:2019 ainsi que l’utilisation dans l’industrie pharmaceutique ou agroalimentaire ne sont pas couverts par le présent document.
Le présent document ne traite pas des phénomènes dangereux liés au levage des personnes.
Le présent document ne s’applique pas aux grues fabriquées avant la date de sa publication.
Žerjavi - Lahki žerjavni sistemi
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2025
Žerjavi - Lahki žerjavni sistemi
Cranes - Light crane systems
Krane - Leichtkransysteme
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Systèmes de grue légère
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 16851
ICS:
53.020.20 Dvigala Cranes
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
September 2025
ICS 53.020.20 Will supersede EN 16851:2017+A1:2020
English Version
Cranes - Light crane systems
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Systèmes de Krane - Leichtkransysteme
grue légère
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 147.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2025 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 16851:2025 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 Safety requirements and/or protective measures . 10
4.1 General – Safety related standards . 10
4.2 Aluminium structures . 12
4.3 Actions on supporting structures . 14
4.4 General components . 14
4.5 Tandem operation of cranes/trolleys from a single control station . 19
4.6 Use of multiple hoist mechanisms . 19
4.7 Man-machine interface . 19
4.8 Equipment for warning . 22
4.9 Safety related functions . 22
5 Verification of safety requirements and/or protective measures . 23
5.1 General . 23
5.2 Types of verification . 23
5.3 Fitness for purpose testing . 25
6 Information for use . 26
6.1 General . 26
6.2 User’s manual . 26
6.3 Marking . 29
Annex A (informative) List of significant hazards . 31
Annex B (informative) Guidance for specifying the operating duty . 34
Annex C (normative) Actions on supporting structures and installation dimensions . 35
C.1 Loads and load combinations . 35
C.2 Jib cranes . 36
C.3 Suspended light crane systems . 38
C.4 Free-standing light crane system . 39
Annex D (normative) Noise test code . 40
D.1 General . 40
D.2 Description of machinery family . 41
D.3 Determination of an emission sound pressure level by calculation . 41
D.4 Determination of emission sound pressure level at control stations and other
specified positions and determination of sound power level by measurement . 44
D.5 Uncertainties . 48
D.6 Information to be recorded . 48
D.7 Information to be reported . 48
D.8 Declaration and verification of noise emission values . 48
Annex E (informative) Overview of standards published by CEN/TC 147 . 50
E.1 General . 50
E.2 Selecting a suitable standard . 50
Annex F (informative) Guidance for automated operation . 52
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 aimed to be covered. 53
Bibliography . 56
European foreword
This document (prEN 16851:2025) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 147 “Cranes -
Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by SFS.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 16851:2017+A1:2020.
EN 16851:2017+A1:2020:
— update of reference documents and cross-references;
— revision of Clauses 2 and 3;
— revision and update of subclauses 4.1.1, 4.4.9, 4.4.10, 4.7.1, 4.9;
— removal of subclause on lighting (4.7.4);
— addition of new subclauses 6.3.1 and 6.3.3;
— restructuring of Clause 6;
— revision of the list of significant hazards and move to Annex A;
— revision of Annex ZA;
— addition of new Annex F.
This document has been prepared under a standardization request addressed to CEN by the European
Commission. The Standing Committee of the EFTA States subsequently approves these requests for its
Member States.
For the relationship with EU Legislation, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
For relationship with other European Standards for cranes, see Annex E.
Introduction
This document has been prepared to provide one means for equipment of cranes to conform to the
essential health and safety requirements of the Machinery Regulation, as mentioned in Annex ZA.
This document is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100:2010.
This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the market
players with regard to machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organizations, market surveillance, etc.).
Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the
above-mentioned stakeholder groups:
— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— service providers, e.g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises).
The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting
process of this document.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards are covered are indicated in the Scope of this
document.
When requirements of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B
standards, the requirements of this type C standard take precedence over the requirements of the other
standards, for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this type C
standard.
1 Scope
This document applies to:
— light crane systems, either suspended or free-standing systems, where the rated capacity of any
single hoist mechanism is 4 t or less;
— pillar- and wall-mounted jib cranes, without an operator's cabin, whose rated capacity is 10 t or less
and whose overturning load moment is 500 kNm or less.
NOTE 1 For illustration of crane types, see Annex C.
This document is not applicable to cranes covered by another product specific crane standard, e.g.
EN 15011:2020 or EN 14985:2012, see Annex E.
This document is applicable to cranes and crane systems, whose structures are made of steel or
aluminium, excluding aluminium structures containing welded joints.
This document gives requirements for all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant
to cranes, when used as intended, foreseeable misuse and under foreseen conditions (see Annex A).
NOTE 2 Automated operation can be subject to additional requirements. Guidance is given in Annex F.
The specific hazards due to potentially explosive atmospheres, ionizing radiation, operation in electro-
magnetic fields beyond the range of EN IEC 61000-6-2:2019 and operation in pharmacy or food industry
are not covered by this document.
This document does not cover hazards related to the lifting of persons.
This document is not applicable to cranes manufactured before the date of its publication.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 515:2017, Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Wrought products - Temper designations
EN 755-1:2016, Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Extruded rod/bar, tube and profiles - Part 1: Technical
conditions for inspection and delivery
EN 755-2:2025, Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Extruded rod/bar, tube and profiles - Part 2: Mechanical
properties
EN 755-9:2016, Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Extruded rod/bar, tube and profiles - Part 9: Profiles,
tolerances on dimensions and form
EN 795:2012, Personal fall protection equipment - Anchor devices
EN 894-1:1997+A1:2008, Safety of machinery - Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and
control actuators - Part 1: General principles for human interactions with displays and control actuators
EN 894-2:1997+A1:2008, Safety of machinery - Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and
control actuators - Part 2: Displays
EN 12077-2:2024, Cranes safety - Requirements for health and safety - Part 2: Limiting and indicating
devices
EN 13001-1:2015, Cranes - General design - Part 1: General principles and requirements
EN 13001-2:2021, Crane safety - General design - Part 2: Load actions
EN 13001-3-1:2025, Cranes - General design - Part 3-1: Limit states and proof competence of steel structure
EN 13001-3-2:2014, Cranes - General design - Part 3-2: Limit states and proof of competence of wire ropes
in reeving systems
EN 13001-3-3:2014, Cranes - General design - Part 3-3: Limit states and proof of competence of wheel/rail
contacts
EN 13001-3-4:2018, Cranes - General design - Part 3-4: Limit states and proof of competence of machinery
- Bearings
EN 13001-3-5:2016+A1:2021, Cranes - General design - Part 3-5: Limit states and proof of competence of
forged and cast hooks
EN 13001-3-6:2018+A1:2021, Cranes - General design - Part 3-6: Limit states and proof of competence of
machinery - Hydraulic cylinders
EN 13135:2013+A1:2018, Cranes - Safety - Design - Requirements for equipment
EN 13157:2004+A1:2009, Cranes - Safety - Hand powered cranes
EN 13557:2024, Cranes - Control devices and control stations
EN 13586:2020, Cranes - Access
EN 14238:2004+A1:2009, Cranes - Manually controlled load manipulating devices
EN 14492-2:2019, Cranes - Power driven winches and hoists - Part 2: Power driven hoists
EN 15011:2020, Cranes - Bridge and gantry cranes
EN 60204-32:2008, Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 32: Requirements for
hoisting machines (IEC 60204-32:2008)
EN 62745:2017, Safety of machinery - Requirements for cableless control systems of machinery
(IEC 62745:2017)
prEN 50742:—, Safety of machinery – Protection against corruption
EN ISO 3744:2010, Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources
using sound pressure - Engineering methods for an essentially free field over a reflecting plane (ISO
3744:2010)
EN ISO 4871:2009, Acoustics - Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and
equipment (ISO 4871:1996)
As impacted by EN 62745:2017/A11:2020.
Under preparation on CLC/TC 44X/WG 2. Stage 10.99 realized on 2023-12-13.
EN ISO 11201:2010, Acoustics - Noise emitted by machinery and equipment - Determination of emission
sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions in an essentially free field over a
reflecting plane with negligible environmental corrections (ISO 11201:2010)
EN ISO 11688-1:2009, Acoustics - Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and
equipment - Part 1: Planning (ISO/TR 11688-1:1995)
EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk reduction
(ISO 12100:2010)
EN ISO 13849-1:2023, Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems - Part 1: General
principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2023)
EN ISO 13854:2019, Safety of machinery - Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body (ISO
13854:2017)
EN ISO 13857:2019, Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper
and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2019)
EN ISO 14120:2015, Safety of machinery - Guards - General requirements for the design and construction
of fixed and movable guards (ISO 14120:2015)
EN ISO 20607:2019, Safety of machinery - Instruction handbook - General drafting principles (ISO
20607:2019)
ISO 3864-1:2011, Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Part 1: Design principles for safety
signs and safety markings
ISO 3864-2:2016, Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Part 2: Design principles for
product safety labels
ISO 3864-3:2024, Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Part 3: Design principles for
graphical symbols for use in safety signs
ISO 3864-4:2011, Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Part 4: Colorimetric and
photometric properties of safety sign materials
ISO 4306-1:2007, Cranes — Vocabulary — Part 1: General
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4306-1:2007,
EN ISO 3744:2010 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp/
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
light crane system
assembly of hoist mechanisms, bridges, trolleys and tracks with their suspensions for lifting operations
3.2
bridge
beam carrying hoist mechanism(s) and supported on trolleys running on tracks
Note 1 to entry: Wording of the definition differs from that given in ISO 4306-1:2007.
3.3
track
stationary beam on which a bridge or hoist mechanism(s) are running
Note 1 to entry: Characteristic for tracks in light crane systems is that a track can be removed from the supporting
building structures without influence on strength of the supporting structures.
3.4
suspension
necessary clamps, hanger rods and other fittings from which a track is suspended from a building or other
supporting structure
3.5
monorail
single track consisting of one or several sections, on which hoist mechanisms or trolleys are running
Note 1 to entry: Monorail together with hoist mechanisms is a particular type of a light crane system.
3.6
pillar-mounted jib crane
crane with a vertical pillar installed on a stationary construction or on a relocatable base, equipped with
a slewing jib and hoist mechanism(s)
3.7
wall-mounted jib crane
crane fixed to a vertical structure (e.g. wall or column), equipped with a slewing jib and hoist
mechanism(s)
3.8
jib crane
generic term for both pillar-mounted and wall-mounted jib cranes
Note 1 to entry: This definition is different from that in ISO 4306-1:2007.
3.9
free-standing light crane system
floor-mounted light crane system
system installed on the floor or relocatable between its working positions
Note 1 to entry: A free-standing light crane system can be supported by the surrounding structures using
bracings.
Note 2 to entry: Characteristic for a free-standing light crane system is that it can be removed from the
supporting building structures without influence on strength of the supporting structures.
Note 3 to entry: For an example of free-standing light crane system see Figure C.4.
3.10
trolley
wheel assembly running on a track or on a bridge and supporting a bridge or hoist mechanism
Note 1 to entry: Definition differs from that specified in ISO 4306-1.
3.11
loading/unloading station
arrangement enabling a piece of track to be lowered down and lifted up together with the hoist
mechanism or trolley
3.12
turntable
component able to rotate in a horizontal plane and containing a piece of track, enabling the hoist
mechanism or trolley to change from one track to another
3.13
switch
component enabling the hoist mechanism or trolley to change from one track to another
3.14
interlock
mechanism aligning a moving bridge with a stationary track or aligning two bridges and keeping this
aligned connection steady for hoist mechanism or trolley to move through the connection
3.15
engineering assessment
evaluation of the characteristics of a part, component, or system by comparing their given properties with
known specifications (e.g. standards and/or regulations)
3.16
hoist mechanism
equipment for moving the load vertically
4 Safety requirements and/or protective measures
4.1 General – Safety related standards
Light crane systems and jib cranes shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures
of Clause 4. In addition, these cranes shall be designed in accordance with the principles of
EN ISO 12100:2010 for relevant but not significant hazards, which are not dealt with by this document.
The service conditions that are selected and used as the basis of design, in accordance with
EN 13001-1:2015, 4.3 and EN 13001-2:2021, Clause 4 shall be specified in the technical file of the crane.
The design duty (classification) shall be specified in terms of classes U and Q with the average distances
of movements in line with EN 13001-1:2015, 4.3. See Annex B for guidance and examples of classification
of typical applications.
Light crane systems shall be designed and constructed in such a way as to prevent failure from fatigue
and wear, taking due account of their intended use and any foreseeable misuse.
Machinery included in light crane systems and jib cranes shall be in accordance with the following
European Standards as applicable:
— EN 14492-2:2019, Cranes — Power driven winches and hoists — Part 2: Power driven hoists;
— EN 14238:2004+A1:2009, Cranes — Manually controlled load manipulating devices;
— EN 13157:2004+A1:2009, Cranes — Safety — Hand powered cranes.
Components and parts of a light crane systems and jib cranes shall be in accordance with the following
European Standards as applicable:
— EN 13135:2013+A1:2018, Cranes - Safety - Design - Requirements for equipment;
— EN 13557:2024, Cranes - Control devices and control stations;
— EN 12077-2:2024, Cranes safety — Requirements for health and safety — Part 2: Limiting and
indicating devices;
— EN 13586:2020, Cranes — Access;
— EN 60204-32:2008, Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 32: Requirements for
hoisting machines (IEC 60204-32).
— EN 62745:2017, Safety of machinery - Requirements for cableless control systems of machinery
(IEC 62745:2017).
Proof of competence calculations shall be in accordance with EN 13001 series as applicable, i.e.
— EN 13001-1:2015, Cranes — General design — Part 1: General principles and requirements;
— EN 13001-2:2021, Crane safety – General design – Part 2: Load actions;
— EN 13001-3-1:2025, Cranes — General Design — Part 3-1: Limit States and proof competence of steel
structure;
— EN 13001-3-2:2014, Cranes – General design – Part 3-2: Limit states and proof of competence of wire
ropes in reeving systems;
— EN 13001-3-3:2014, Cranes – General design – Part 3-3: Limit states and proof of competence of
wheel/rail contacts;
— EN 13001-3-4:2018, Cranes — General design — Part 3-4: Limit states and proof of competence of
machinery — Bearings;
— EN 13001-3-5:2016+A1:2021, Cranes - General design - Part 3-5: Limit states and proof of competence
of forged and cast hooks;
— EN 13001-3-6:2018+A1:2021, Cranes — General design — Part 3-6: Limit states and proof of
competence of machinery — Hydraulic cylinders.
Light crane systems and jib cranes, not fixed to their foundation, shall be designed against loss of rigid
body stability in accordance with EN 13001-2:2021, 4.3.8.
Local stresses in wheel supporting flanges shall be calculated in accordance with EN 15011:2020, 4.2.2.3.
For aluminium structures, see additional requirements in 4.2.
Sharp edges shall be deburred in order to avoid injury during erection.
All connections shall be secured, so that they cannot get loose and wear of parts shall not lead to any risk
of load drop or other dangerous situation.
The design and the installation shall be such as to ensure that uncontrolled movements are avoided. The
crane shall be designed so that the operator is able to control all movements at all times.
Where hand powered trolleys or bridges are used, the force needed to move the trolley or bridge shall
not exceed 200 N.
4.2 Aluminium structures
4.2.1 General
The proof of competence shall follow the methodology given in EN 13001-3-1:2025 with the changes and
setting of design parameters as specified in 4.2. The yield stress f shall be taken as the 0,2 % proportional
y
limit f specified for aluminium.
o
4.2.2 Products and materials
European Standards specify materials and their specific values. For structural members made of
aluminium, materials in accordance with the following European Standards shall be used:
— extruded products: EN 755-1:2016 and EN 755-2:2025.
Table 1 shows a selection of materials for extruded products in accordance with the EN 755-2:2025.
Where those materials are used, the design values for strength (f , f ) shall be those listed in Table 1. The
y u
values are applicable for temperatures up to 80 °C. For more information, see the specific European
Standard.
Grades and qualities other than those mentioned in EN 755-1:2016 and EN 755-2:2025 and in Table 1
may be used when the mechanical properties and the chemical composition are specified in a manner
corresponding to EN 755-1:2016 and EN 755-2:2025, and when the following conditions are fulfilled:
— the design value of f is limited to f /1,1 for materials with f /f < 1,1;
y u u y
— the percentage elongation at fracture A ≥ 7 % on a gauge length LS5,65× (where S is the
0 0
original cross-sectional area);
— temper conditions shall be specified and defined in accordance with EN 515:2017.
=
Table 1 — Design values of material strength in accordance with EN 755–2:2024
Alloy Temper Thickness t Design strength
fy yield fu ultimate
2 2
mm N/mm N/mm
T5 t ≤ 25 100 140
T6 t ≤ 15 140 170
EN AW-6060
T64 t ≤ 15 120 180
T66 t ≤ 25 150 195
T4 t ≤ 25 110 180
EN AW-6061
T6 t ≤ 25 240 260
T5 t ≤ 25 110 160
T6 t ≤ 25 160 195
EN AW-6063
T66 t ≤ 10 200 245
T66 10 < t ≤ 25 180 225
EN AW-6005A T6 10 < t ≤ 25 200 250
EN AW-6106 T6 t ≤ 10 200 250
t ≤ 15 290 350
EN AW-7020 T6
15 < t ≤ 40 275 350
Temper designations: refer to EN 515:2017.
4.2.3 Proof of static strength
For calculation of the limit design stress in structural members (i.e. excluding bolted and pin
connections), the general resistance factor shall be set to γ = 1,1, and the specific resistance factor for all
m
types of materials and directions of stresses shall be set to γsm = 1.
4.2.4 Proof of fatigue strength
Characteristic fatigue strength Δσ shall be taken in accordance with Table 2. The slope constant shall be
c
set to m = 7.
Where a member has a detail with geometric form to cause local stress concentration, the nominal stress
in the member shall be increased with the relevant stress concentration factor, when applied to the proof
of fatigue strength. Such details are e.g. holes in a member or stepped discontinuities with edges
perpendicular to the direction of normal stress.
Table 2 — Characteristic fatigue strength of aluminium structures
Description Yield stress Characteristic fatigue strength
f Δσ
y c
2 2
N/mm N/mm
Non-welded structural member
under normal stresses
— all tempers
100 ≤ f ≤ 200 63
y
— without geometric notch effects 200 < f ≤ 290 71
y
4.2.5 Proof of elastic stability
The material parameter values shall be set as follows:
— modulus of elasticity E = 70 000 N/mm ;
— Poisson's ratio ν = 0,3.
Dimensional tolerances of extruded structural members shall conform to EN 755-9:2016.
4.3 Actions on supporting structures
Actions on supporting structures shall be given in technical documentation in accordance with Annex C.
4.4 General components
4.4.1 Joints in crane tracks, crane bridges and monorails
Joints shall ensure specified alignment of the connected parts and the continuity of the rolling surface of
trolleys.
Joints shall be designed for the maximum forces induced on the joint. The shocks against the end stops,
the buffers or any other dynamic loading shall be taken into account. If other means are not provided to
prevent the joint from opening during operation, then the joint shall be designed such it cannot open, e.g.
by means of positive locking.
The allowable distance between a joint and the nearest support (D) as well as the allowable gap (G) and
step (S) of the running surface shall be specified and documented in the installation and maintenance
instructions, see Figure 1.
Key
D distance from the joint to the nearest support
G gap at the joint
S step at the joint
Figure 1 — Joint
4.4.2 Suspensions
Means shall be provided in order to limit excessive horizontal displacement of the light crane system.
Suspensions shall have means for height and position adjustment.
4.4.3 Bridge skewing
The bridge attachment to a trolley running on the track shall be built in such a way that it allows necessary
degrees of freedom around the horizontal and vertical axis without damaging the light crane system, e.g.
the vertical axis shall have sufficient freedom so that the crane bridge movement does not become
obstructed on the track during operation.
4.4.4 Backup devices for trolleys and suspensions
Where a trolley or a suspension of a track is equipped with a backup device as a safe guard against a
failure of the primary component, the backup device shall be designed taking into account the dynamic
effects due to the failure of the primary component.
Instructions shall be provided for actions after the failure, e.g. inspection of the structure, repair and
putting light crane system back to service, see 6.2.4.
4.4.5 Turntables and switches
Mechanism shall be such as to prevent a trolley from falling or from becoming obstructed by the mobile
part during operation. If an obstruction occurs, it shall not lead to a hazardous situation. Figure 2 shows
examples of turntable (Figure 2 a)) and switch (Figure 2 b)).
a) Turntable
b) Switch
Key
1 running component
2 turntable
3 switch
Figure 2 — Turntable and switch
4.4.6 Interlock
Mechanism shall be such as to prevent a trolley from falling or from becoming obstructed when passing
from one side to the other. Figure 3 shows a typical example of an interlock.
Key
1 trolley
2 crane bridge
3 interlock
4 track
Figure 3 — Interlock
4.4.7 Loading/unloading station
Mechanism shall be such as to prevent a trolley from falling or from becoming obstructed when passing
to and from loading/unloading station. Figure 4 shows a typical example of a loading/unloading station.
The machinery for lifting the loading station shall conform to European crane standards listed in 4.1 as
relevant.
Key
1 trolley
2 lifting machinery
3 loading/unloading station
Figure 4 — Loading/unloading station
4.4.8 Telescopic and cantilevered crane systems
Where in case of a cantilevered load the wheels tend to lift from their usual running surfaces, means shall
be provided, e.g. counterweights or counter wheels, to prevent uncontrolled movements and jamming of
the moving parts. For an example of telescopic system, see Figure 5.
Key
1 hoist mechanism
2 telescopic crane bridge
3 crane bridge
Figure 5 — Telescopic system
4.4.9 Trolleys
Trolleys shall incorporate features, e.g. guide rollers or wheel flanges, to prevent derailment, accidental
fall or climbing on the rail. The trolley shall be prevented from falling or overturning in the event of a
single-wheel failure.
4.4.10 End stops and motion limiters
Any motion that has a designed restriction of movement and those motions that have a restriction shall
be provided with motion limiters, e.g. an electrical switch or a mechanical end stop. End stops shall be
capable of stopping the movement from the maximum speed without overloading the crane.
The ends of bridges and tracks shall be equipped with mechanical end stops. End stops of the parallel
runways for crane or track shall be aligned. Where provided, the electrical motion limiters shall be in
accordance with EN 12077-2:2024, 4.6 and anti-collision system shall be in accordance with
EN 13135:2013+A1:2018, 5.7.8.
Where end stops for the crane or the trolley are fixed by a bolt tightening friction grip joint relying only
on friction, to provide the possibility of adjustment of the travel range, there shall also be:
— a positive locking provided behind the end stop as a back-up means or
— the end stop construction shall be designed with a risk coefficient γ = 1,6.
n
Where the design permits only limited rotation of a jib crane, end stops for the rotation movement shall
be provided.
4.4.11 Power supply
The electric power supply shall conform to EN 60204-32:2008.
Means to shut off the pneumatic power shall be provided.
In some cases, the power supply can move the hoist mechanism by itself, e.g. due to weight of festoon
cable. Where this is not an intended feature, the hoist mechanism or bridge shall be equipped with a
braking system.
4.5 Tandem operation of cranes/trolleys from a single control station
When two or more cranes/trolleys are used for handling a single load from a single control or control
station, the control systems of the individual cranes shall be interconnected to ensure that during tandem
operation:
— the hoisting speeds are the same within the tolerances required for the particular application;
— the horizontal speeds are the same within the tolerances required for the particular application;
— any interruption of the operation on one crane/trolley shall have a corresponding effect on the other.
This requirement does not apply to fully pneumatic or hydraulic powered and operated
cranes/trolleys with horizontal speeds less than 15 m/min and hoisting speeds less than 2 m/min.
At horizontal speeds exceeding 60 m/min or hoisting speeds exceeding 20 m/min, the relevant motion
control shall provide self-correcting synchronization and any interruption in the operation on one
crane/trolley shall have a corresponding effect on the other.
Where the cranes are designed to be used separately and in tandem, the control devices shall be marked
accordingly.
4.6 Use of multiple hoist mechanisms
Where use of multiple hoist mechanisms can overload any component in the crane, measures shall be
taken to prevent overloading by mechanical or electrical means. Examples of such overloading cases are
— crane bridge capacity is less than the combined capacity of the hoist mechanisms;
— several adjacent hoist mechanisms loading one suspension of a monorail;
— several adjacent bridges loading one suspension of a track;
— telescopic system and cantilevered beams of tracks/bridges with several hoist mechanisms;
— two jibs on one pillar capable to operate in the same slewing zone.
4.7 Man-machine interface
4.7.1 Control devices and control stations
Control devices and control stations shall be in conformance with EN 13557:2024.
NOTE More information on ergonomic design principles of controls and control stations is given in
EN 614-1:2006+A1:2009.
Where industrial communication network or similar is used as a part of control system, interruption in
the communication shall stop the motions according to principles of EN 60204-32:2008, Clauses 9.2.5.3
and 9.2.7.3. Communication recovery after interruption shall not result in restarting of any movement.
When any part of the control system is connected to the internet or an external communication network,
the control system shall be protected against corruption according prEN 50742:— .
When wireless communication, cableless control, industrial fieldbus, remote monitoring, telematic or any
other similar connectivity feature is a part of safety-related control system (SCS), a security risk
assessment and countermeasures against cybersecurity threads shall be taken.
NOTE More information can be found in CLC IEC/TS 63074:2024 and in the IEC 62443 series.
4.7.2 Horizontal speeds
Power driven horizontal motions that are not automated shall have a maximum speed allowing the
operator
— to have full control of the hoist mechanism;
— to have full control of the movement of the load;
— to follow the load.
Speeds of movements with pendant control shall not exceed 63 m/min. In case of cableless controlled
(e.g. radio control) movements, the speed shall not exceed 80 m/min.
4.7.3 Guarding and access
4.7.3.1 Access
Where the crane is provided with a permanent access to a control station, the access shall be in
accordance with EN 13586:2020.
The crane shall be designed such that access to maintenance and inspection points is possible in one of
the following ways or by a combination of those:
— the crane has permanent access ways for maintenance and inspection, designed in accordance with
EN 13586:2020;
— access is through external access ways on the surrounding building or similar permanent
construction;
— access is from a mobile elevating work platform.
In the two latter cases, the access relies on external means, which are not part of the crane. However,
those means shall be specified and their use described in the maintenance instructions of the crane.
Where maintenance or inspection requires access to enclosures, the openings shall conform to
EN 13586:2020.
For requirements on clearances between the crane and the surrounding structures, not covered by
national regulations, shall be as follows in minimum:
— clearance above the crane with access ways to the structure above (e.g. roof structure, pipes, lights):
500 mm;
— clearance between two cranes mounted above each other with access ways in either of the cranes:
500 mm;
— if it is foreseeable for personnel to access the top of a permanent obstacle, then clearance under the
crane to that permanent obstacle: 500 mm;
— clearance between the end carriage and the building taking into account the maximum skew position
and allowable wear and there is no permanent access: 50 mm.
When minimum clearances cannot be reached, other safety measures shall be taken.
NOTE Guidance is also given in ISO 11660-5.
Safety harness attachment points shall be in accordance with EN 795:2012.
4.7.3.2 Guarding
To avoid crushing and shearing hazards the minimum distance between moving parts within the crane
shall be in accordance with EN ISO 13854:2019, Clause 4 unless crushing and shearing hazard is
prevented by other means, for example a person detector and motion limiter system.
Access way gates shall be fitted with an interlocking device that disables the relevant motion.
Where the running surfaces are exposed and they are at a lower level than 2,5 m above the access level,
the running surfaces shall be guarded in accordance with EN ISO 13857:2019, Clause 4. The clearance
between the running surface and the guard shall be a maximum 6 mm.
Open gears, chain drives and similar power transmissions in personnel working and traffic zones shall
be guarded in accordance with EN ISO 14120:2015, 5.3. Exceptionally, guarding of the slewing gears is
not required, if the drawing in point of the pinion/gear is located at safe distance from the access ways,
in accordance with EN ISO 13857:2019, Clause 4.
4.7.4 Reduction of noise by design
4.7.4.1 General
Normally noise is not a significant hazard in light crane systems or jib cranes. Noise can be a significant
hazard in cases where the operator’s position is situated close to one or more of the mechanisms or
components mentioned in 4.7.4.2, when their power level or operational speed is high.
When noise is a significant hazard, there is need for low noise design. In this case, the methodology for
low noise design in EN ISO 11688-1:2009 shall be considered.
NOTE EN ISO 11688-2 gives useful information on noise generation mechanisms in machinery.
4.7.4.2 Main sources of noise
On light crane systems and jib cranes, the main sources of noise are the following:
— hoisting mechanism (motor, gear, brakes);
— trolley traversing mechanism (motor, gear, brakes, especially rail/wheel contact);
— crane travel mechanism (motor, gear, brakes, especially rail/wheel contact);
— crane and trolley festoon and energy chains;
— external devices, e.g. motor fans;
— pneumatic and hydraulic pumps, either on the trolley or in the load lifting attachment.
4.7.4.3 Measures to reduce noise at the source
Measures to reduce noise shall be:
— selection of low noise components;
oSIST
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