EN ISO 16961:2015

Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries - Internal coating and lining of steel storage tanks (ISO 16961:2015)

ISO 16961:2015 specifies the minimum requirements for surface preparation, materials, application, inspection and testing of internal coating lining systems that are intended to be applied on internal surfaces of steel storage tanks of crude oil, hydrocarbons and water for corrosion protection.
It covers both new construction and maintenance works of tank internal coating and lining as well as the repair of defective and deteriorated systems.
ISO 16961:2015 also provides the minimum requirements for shop performance testing of the coated/lined samples and the criteria for their approval.

Erdöl-, petrochemische und Erdgasindustrie - Innere Schutzbeschichtungen und Auskleidungen für überirdische Stahltanklager (ISO 16961:2015)

Industries du pétrole, de la pétrochimie et du gaz naturel - Revêtement intérieur et doublage interne des réservoirs de stockage en acier (ISO 16961:2015)

L'ISO 16961:2015 spécifie les exigences minimales concernant la préparation de surface, les matériaux, l'application, le contrôle et les essais des systèmes de revêtement ou de doublage destinés à être appliqués sur les surfaces internes des réservoirs en acier pour le stockage de pétrole brut, d'hydrocarbures et d'eau dans le but d'assurer leur protection contre la corrosion.
Elle couvre à la fois les nouvelles constructions et les travaux de maintenance pour le revêtement intérieur et le doublage interne des réservoirs ainsi que la réparation de systèmes défectueux et détériorés.
L'ISO 16961:2015 fournit également les exigences minimales pour les essais de performance en atelier des échantillons revêtus/doublés ainsi que les critères d'acceptation.

Petrokemična industrija ter industrija za predelavo nafte in zemeljskega plina - Notranji premazi in obloge jeklenih rezervoarjev za shranjevanje (ISO 16961:2015)

Ta mednarodni standard določa minimalne zahteve za pripravo površine, materiale, uporabo, preglede in preskušanje sistemov za notranje premaze, ki so namenjeni nanašanju na obloge jeklenih rezervoarjev za shranjevanje surove nafte, ogljikovodikov in vode, za zaščito pred korozijo.
Zajema nova konstrukcijska in vzdrževalna dela za notranje premaze in obloge jeklenih rezervoarjev kot tudi popravilo okvarjenih in izrabljenih sistemov.
Ta mednarodni standard zagotavlja tudi minimalne zahteve za preskušanje učinkovitosti vzorcev premazov in oblog v proizvodni hali in merila za njihovo odobritev.

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 04-Aug-2015
• Withdrawal Date: 13-Apr-2025
• ICS: 75.200 - Petroleum products and natural gas handling equipment
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 12 - Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum and natural gas industries
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 12 - Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum and natural gas industries
• Current Stage: 9960 - Withdrawal effective - Withdrawal
• Start Date: 22-May-2024
• Completion Date: 14-Apr-2025
• Ref Project: SIST EN ISO 16961:2015 - Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries - Internal coating and lining of steel storage tanks (ISO 16961:2015)

Relations

• Replaced By: EN ISO 16961:2024 - Oil and gas industries including lower carbon energy - Internal coating and lining of steel storage tanks (ISO 16961:2024)
• Effective Date: 19-Jan-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2015
3HWURNHPLþQDLQGXVWULMDWHULQGXVWULMD]DSUHGHODYRQDIWHLQ]HPHOMVNHJDSOLQD
1RWUDQMLSUHPD]LLQREORJHMHNOHQLKUH]HUYRDUMHY]DVKUDQMHYDQMH,62
Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries - Internal coating and lining of steel
storage tanks (ISO 16961:2015)
Erdöl-, petrochemische und Erdgasindustrie - Innere Schutzbeschichtungen und
Auskleidungen für überirdische Stahltanklager (ISO 16961:2015)
Industries du pétrole, de la pétrochimie et du gaz naturel - Revêtement de protection
interne et doublure des réservoirs de stockage hors-sol en acier (ISO 16961:2015)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 16961:2015
ICS:
25.220.99 Druge obdelave in prevleke Other treatments and
coatings
75.200 2SUHPD]DVNODGLãþHQMH Petroleum products and
QDIWHQDIWQLKSURL]YRGRYLQ natural gas handling
]HPHOMVNHJDSOLQD equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 16961
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
August 2015
ICS 75.200
English Version
Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries - Internal
coating and lining of steel storage tanks (ISO 16961:2015)
Industries du pétrole, de la pétrochimie et du gaz naturel - Erdöl-, petrochemische und Erdgasindustrie - Innere
Revêtement de protection interne et doublure des Schutzbeschichtungen und Auskleidungen für überirdische
réservoirs de stockage en acier (ISO 16961:2015) Stahltanklager (ISO 16961:2015)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 May 2015.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 16961:2015 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword .3

European foreword
This document (EN ISO 16961:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67 "Materials,
equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries" in collaboration
with Technical Committee CEN/TC 12 “Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum,
petrochemical and natural gas industries” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
at the latest by February 2016.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 16961:2015 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 16961:2015 without any modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16961
First edition
2015-08-01
Petroleum, petrochemical and natural
gas industries — Internal coating and
lining of steel storage tanks
Industries du pétrole, de la pétrochimie et du gaz naturel —
Revêtement de protection interne et doublure des réservoirs de
stockage en acier
Reference number
ISO 16961:2015(E)
©
ISO 2015
ISO 16961:2015(E)
© ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. [phone]
Fax [phone]
[e-mail]
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

ISO 16961:2015(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Conformance . 1
2.1 Rounding . 1
2.2 Compliance to this International Standard . 1
3 Normative references . 1
4 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 3
4.1 Terms and definitions . 3
4.2 Abbreviated terms . 6
5 Pre-work requirements . 7
5.1 General . 7
5.2 Safety precautions in flammable atmosphere . 7
5.3 Safety precautions in confined space . 7
5.4 Qualification of coating/lining application and inspection personnel . 7
5.5 Positive isolation and ventilation . 8
6 Coating/lining materials . 8
6.1 General . 8
6.2 Approvals . 8
6.3 Procedure qualification trial (PQT) . 9
6.4 Pre-production trial (PPT) . 9
6.5 Holding (blast) primer . 9
6.6 Caulking (putty) and filler compounds .10
6.7 Fibreglass lining materials .10
6.7.1 Fibreglass resin compound .10
6.7.2 Glass fibre reinforcement .10
6.8 Glass flake filled coating/lining system .10
6.9 Epoxy coating/lining systems .11
6.10 Thixotropic agent for viscosity control .11
6.11 Material approvals — Fibreglass lining system .11
6.12 Material approvals — Glass flake filled coating/lining system .14
6.13 Material approvals — Thin film epoxy coating/lining systems .15
7 Surface preparation .16
7.1 General .16
7.2 Tank pre-cleaning and residue removal (for rehabilitation work) .17
7.3 Preparatory patching and grinding (for new and rehabilitation work) .17
7.4 Dry abrasive blasting cleaning .18
7.5 Humidity control .19
7.6 After blast cleaning.19
7.7 Removal of existing laminate linings prior to abrasive blasting .20
7.8 Striker plates, steel legs, risers, down comers and supports .20
7.9 Safety precautions .20
8 Coating/lining application .20
8.1 General requirements .20
8.2 Safety precautions .21
8.3 Areas to be lined (fibreglass lining) .22
8.4 Weather conditions .22
8.5 Primer application .22
8.6 Caulking (putty) application .23
8.7 Fibreglass laminate application .23
8.8 Lining thickness .24
ISO 16961:2015(E)
8.9 Glass flake filled coating application .24
8.10 Thin film coating application .26
8.11 Curing .27
9 Inspection and testing .27
9.1 General requirements .27
9.2 Environmental conditions testing .28
9.3 Materials and equipment inspection .28
9.4 Compressed air and abrasive .28
9.5 Surface preparation inspection .28
9.6 Coating/lining inspection and testing .29
9.7 Coating/lining film thickness .29
9.8 Holiday detection test .29
9.9 Curing hardness test .30
9.10 Defects and pinhole repair .30
9.11 Adhesion test .30
10 Quality requirements .30
11 Documentation .31
11.1 General .31
11.2 Work proposal .31
11.3 Work records/reports .31
11.4 Inspection and testing reports and certificates of compliance .32
11.5 Final report .32
Annex A (informative) Dew point calculation chart .33
Annex B (informative) Caulking (putty) application .34
Annex C (informative) Example of coating/lining work record/data sheet .35
Annex D (informative) Example of coating/lining inspection and testing data sheet .36
Bibliography .37
iv © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

ISO 16961:2015(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore structures
for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries.
ISO 16961:2015(E)
Introduction
This International Standard is based on GSO 2057 – 2010 (E). The objectives of this International
Standard are to define minimum technical requirements for the corrosion protection by coating and
lining of internal surfaces of steel storage tanks, to provide technical guidance for developing local
standards and specifications, and to ensure compliance in coating and lining material selection and
performance with contract requirements.
Users of this International Standard should be aware that further or differing requirements can be
needed for individual applications. This International Standard is not limiting the contractor and/or
manufacturer from proposing or the company from accepting alternative engineering solutions for
the individual application. This can be particularly applicable where there is innovative or developing
technology. Where an alternative is proposed, the specification issuer should identify any deviations
from this International Standard and provide details.
Annexes A, B, C and D of this International Standard are informative only.
vi © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16961:2015(E)
Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries —
Internal coating and lining of steel storage tanks
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the minimum requirements for surface preparation, materials,
application, inspection and testing of internal coating lining systems that are intended to be applied on
internal surfaces of steel storage tanks of crude oil, hydrocarbons and water for corrosion protection.
It covers both new construction and maintenance works of tank internal coating and lining as well as
the repair of defective and deteriorated systems.
This International Standard also provides the minimum requirements for shop performance testing of
the coated/lined samples and the criteria for their approval.
2 Conformance
2.1 Rounding
Unless otherwise stated in this International Standard, to determine conformance with the specified
requirements, observed or calculated values shall be rounded to the nearest unit in the last right-
hand place of figures used in expressing the limiting value, in accordance with ISO 80000-1:2009,
Annex B, Rule A.
NOTE For the purpose of this provision, the rounding method of ASTM E29–08 is equivalent to
ISO 80000-1:2009, Annex B, Rule A.
2.2 Compliance to this International Standard
A quality system should be applied to assist compliance with the requirements of this International
Standard. ISO/TS 29001 gives sector-specific guidance on quality management systems.
The applicator shall comply with all of the applicable requirements of this International Standard.
It shall be permissible for the client to make any investigations necessary in order to be ensured of
compliance by the applicator and to reject any material that does not comply.
3 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
API RP 652, Lining of Aboveground Petroleum Storage Tank Bottoms
API STD 653, Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration and Reconstruction
API STD 2015, Requirements for Safe Entry and Cleaning of Petroleum Storage Tanks
ASTM C868-02 (2012), Standard Test Method for Chemical Resistance of Protective Linings
ASTM D412, Standard Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers — Tension
ASTM D522, Standard Test Methods for Mandrel Bend Test of Attached Organic Coatings
ISO 16961:2015(E)
ASTM D610, Standard Practice for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on Painted Steel Surfaces
ASTM D714, Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of Paints
ASTM D790, Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and
Electrical Insulating Materials
ASTM D870, Standard Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Water Immersion
ASTM D2583, Standard Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Rigid Plastics by Means of a Barcol Impressor
ASTM D4060, Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Taber Abraser
ASTM D4285, Standard Test Method for Indicating Oil or Water in Compressed Air
ASTM D4541, Standard Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings Using Portable Adhesion Testers
ASTM D4940, Standard Test Method for Conductimetric Analysis of Water Soluble Ionic Contamination of
Blasting Abrasives
ASTM D5420, Standard Test Method for Impact Resistance of Flat, Rigid Plastic Specimen by Means of a
Striker Impacted by a Falling Weight (Gardner Impact)
ASTM F21, Standard Test Method for Hydrophobic Surface Films by the Atomizer Test
ASTM G42, Standard Test Method for Cathodic Disbonding of Pipeline Coatings Subjected to Elevated
Temperatures
EN 14020 (all parts), Reinforcements — Specification for textile glass roving’s
ISO 2808, Paints and varnishes — Determination of film thickness
ISO 2812-1, Paints and varnishes — Determination of resistance to liquids — Part 1: Immersion in liquids
other than water
ISO 3233 (all parts), Paints and varnishes — Determination of percentage volume of non-volatile matter by
measuring the density of a dried coating
ISO 4624, Paints and varnishes — Pull-off test
ISO 4628-2, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity and
size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 2: Assessment of degree of blistering
ISO 4628-3, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity and
size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 3: Assessment of degree of rusting
ISO 7027, Water quality — Determination of turbidity
ISO 8501-1, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products — Visual
assessment of surface cleanliness — Part 1: Rust grades and preparation grades of uncoated steel substrates
and of steel substrates after overall removal of previous coatings
ISO 8501-3, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products — Visual
assessment of surface cleanliness — Part 3: Preparation grades of welds, edges and other areas with surface
imperfections
ISO 8502-3, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products — Tests for
the assessment of surface cleanliness — Part 3: Assessment of dust on steel surfaces prepared for painting
(pressure-sensitive tape method)
ISO 8502-6, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products — Tests for
the assessment of surface cleanliness — Part 6: Extraction of soluble contaminants for analysis — The
Bresle method
2 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

ISO 16961:2015(E)
ISO 8502-9, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products -- Tests for the
assessment of surface cleanliness -- Part 9: Field method for the conductometric determination of water-
soluble salts
ISO 10474, Steel and steel products — Inspection documents
ISO 11124 (all parts), Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products —
Specifications for metallic blast-cleaning abrasives
ISO 11126 (all parts), Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products —
Specifications for non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives
ISO 11127-7, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products — Test
methods for non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives — Part 7: Determination of water-soluble chlorides
ISO 12944-3, Paints and varnishes — Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems —
Part 3: Design considerations
ISO 19840, Paints and varnishes — Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems —
Measurement of, and acceptance criteria for, the thickness of dry films on rough surfaces
ISO 29601, Paints and varnishes — Corrosion protection by protective paint systems — Assessment of
porosity in a dry film
ISO 80000-1:2009, Quantities and units — Part 1: General
NACE SP0188, Discontinuity (Holiday) Testing of New Protective Coatings on Conductive Substrates
NACE/TM 0174, Standard Test Method — Laboratory Methods for the Evaluation of Protective Coatings
and Lining Materials on Metallic Substrates in Immersion Service
SSPC-AB1, Abrasive Specification No.1, Mineral and Slag Abrasive
SSPC-AB2, Abrasive Specification No.2, Cleanliness of Recycled Ferrous Metallic Abrasives
SSPC-Guide 12, Guide for Illumination of Industrial Painting Projects
SSPC-PA 2, Steel Structure Painting Council Surface Preparation Specifications Measurement of Dry
Coating Thickness with Magnetic Gages
SSPC-SP 1, Steel Structure Painting Council Surface Preparation Specifications — Solvent Cleaning
SSPC-SP 5/NACE No.1, Joint Surface Preparation Standard-White Metal Blast Cleaning
SSPC-SP 11, Surface Preparation Standard, Power-Tool Cleaning to Bare Metal
4 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
4.1 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
4.1.1
application procedure specification
APS
document describing procedures, methods, equipment and tools used for coating application
4.1.2
applicator
organization, contractor or subcontractor having the technical capability, knowledge, equipment
and qualified personnel that is approved by the client for the coating processes as required by this
International Standard
ISO 16961:2015(E)
4.1.3
C glass
glass fibre that provides greater resistance to chemicals and is used in advanced composites, mainly used
in the form of surface tissue in the outer layer of laminates used in chemical and water pipes and tanks
4.1.4
caulking
the process of applying a 98 % to 100 % solid catalysed epoxy material (caulking compound) on tank
internal surfaces to fill pores/pits or to cover weld seams, lap joints, large projections, connections, etc.
Note 1 to entry: This is to provide a uniform gradual transition and smooth surfaces.
4.1.5
client
party or organization for which professional services are rendered or person that receives a product
4.1.6
coat
paint, varnish or lacquer applied to surface in a single application (one layer) to form an evenly
distributed film when dry
4.1.7
contractor
vendor company or business that agrees to furnish materials and/or perform specific
project/services to client
4.1.8
curing
chemical process of developing the intended properties of a coating/polymerized product in the lining
system, generally due to a reaction between two or more chemicals (e.g. resin and curing compound)
4.1.9
dew point
temperature of a given air/water vapour mixture at which condensation starts, since, at that
temperature, its maximum water content saturation is reached
4.1.10
dry abrasive blasting
surface preparation method that uses an abrasive propelled by air pressure, centrifugal force, to clean
and provide a surface profile
4.1.11
dry film thickness
DFT
thickness of a coat or coating system in its fully cured and dry condition
Note 1 to entry: The dry film thickness of coating is measured by film thickness calibrated gauge and expressed
in mils or microns (1 000 microns is equivalent to 40 mils).
4.1.12
E glass
glass containing not more than 1 % by mass of alkali (calculated as Na O) and used for the manufacture
of glass fibre
4.1.13
epoxy
resin containing epoxide functional groups that allow for curing by polymerization with a variety of
curing agents
4 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

ISO 16961:2015(E)
4.1.14
fibreglass lining
cold curing resin linings to repair and/or add strength to tank bottoms with fibre mat
Note 1 to entry: Examples are pure epoxies, phenolic epoxies, polyesters, vinyl esters being chemically cured
with curing agents.
4.1.15
fibreglass reinforced lining
resin linings, usually polyester, vinyl ester or epoxies, into which layers of fibreglass are incorporated
to enhance the lining’s structural capability, corrosion and chemical resistance performance
4.1.16
fibre mat
woven glass fibre that is used as reinforcement of the thermosetting resin (e.g. epoxy) lining to repair
and/or add strength to tank bottoms
Note 1 to entry: Fibre mat is typically applied to a wet resin at about 450 g/m area.
4.1.17
gel coat
final coat applied over the fibreglass lining laminate to seal the laminate surface and enhance water
and hydrocarbon resistance
4.1.18
holiday
discontinuity in a lining (e.g. pinhole, void, crack, thin spot, and inclusion of foreign material) or
contamination in the coating film that significantly lowers the dielectric strength of the coating
4.1.19
lining
material applied to the internal surfaces of a tank to serve as a barrier to corrosion and/or product
contamination
Note 1 to entry: The term coating is also used for the purposes of this International Standard.
4.1.20
manufacturer
company responsible for the manufacture of coating material(s)
4.1.21
pinhole
small film defect characterized by small pore-like flaws in the lining that would permit corrosion of the
substrate under the conditions for which the lining is designed
Note 1 to entry: A pinhole may extend entirely through the film to the substrate and lead to a holiday.
4.1.22
pre-production trial
PPT
application of coating and inspection/testing of its properties, to confirm that the APS is able to produce
a coating with the specified properties
4.1.23
surface profile
micro-roughness of a surface, generally expressed as the average height of the major peaks relative to
the major valleys, sometimes referred to as amplitude
Note 1 to entry: It is typically Ra/Ry/Rz value.
ISO 16961:2015(E)
4.2 Abbreviated terms
ANSI American National Standardization Institute
API American Petroleum Institute
APS Application Procedure Specification
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
AWWA American Water Works Association
BGAS British Gas
CV Curriculum Vitae
DFT Dry Film Thickness
GRE Glass Reinforced Epoxy
GRUP Glass Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester
GRVE Glass Reinforced Vinyl Ester
GSO Gulf Standardization Organization
HBE High Build Epoxy
HSE Health, Safety and Environment
ITP Inspection and Testing Plan
MSDS Materials Safety Data Sheets
NACE National Association of Corrosion Engineers
OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration
PPE Personal Protective Equipment
PPT Pre-Production Trial
PQT Procedure Qualification Trial
QA/QC Quality Assurance/Quality Control
QP Qualification Procedure
RH Relative Humidity
RP Recommended Practice
SOW Scope of Work
SSPC The Society for Protecting Coatings
WFT Wet Film Thickness
WRAS Water Regulations Advisory Scheme
6 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

ISO 16961:2015(E)
5 Pre-work requirements
5.1 General
5.1.1 All necessary health, safety and environmental (HSE) procedures shall be employed to protect
personnel and the surrounding environment during on-site/field works.
5.1.2 The contractor shall submit their HSE manual for client approval. The approved HSE procedures
for the safe lining processes shall be strictly followed.
5.1.3 Adherence to all relevant international safety requirements, client safety regulations for
contractors and lifting equipment regulations are required while performing coating and lining works.
5.1.4 Materials Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for all chemicals to be used within operation areas shall be
submitted for review and approval by client. Health and safety precautions shall be clearly described on
each chemical container/package.
5.1.5 All wastes resulting from supply and application shall be contained, collected and properly
disposed off in accordance with international/local environmental protection standards/regulations.
5.2 Safety precautions in flammable atmosphere
5.2.1 Where there is a risk of flammable atmosphere being present in a particular tank, the client may,
with relevant safety authority, impose restrictions on methods of surface preparation.
5.2.2 The client shall advise on the hazardous area classification for plant design and construction/
maintenance projects.
5.2.3 The contractor shall provide the client with all necessary data for the proposed coating/lining
systems, solvents and coating procedure in order to permit area classification to be determined for the
duration of coating work. Special care shall be observed when mixing resins to avoid fire hazards.
5.2.4 All equipment used in surface preparation, coating/lining application and inspection, including
floodlight or spotlights, shall be explosion-proof and spark-proof.
5.3 Safety precautions in confined space
The procedures for performing safe work in confined spaces shall be in accordance with OSHA 29 CFR
1910, API STD 2217A or according to national legislation.
5.4 Qualification of coating/lining application and inspection personnel
5.4.1 The coating/lining operatives shall be competent to undertake the coating application,
inspection/ testing procedures and repair work. The qualification may be obtained as agreed with the
client or by demonstration at a procedure qualification trial (PQT) during pre-production trial (PPT).
5.4.2 Inspectors and applicator personnel carrying out the coating inspection shall be competent to
carry out the requirements of this International Standard. The applicator shall request the manufacturer
of the coating/lining material(s) and equipment to provide technical assistance to the coating/lining
operatives if necessary.
ISO 16961:2015(E)
5.5 Positive isolation and ventilation
5.5.1 All pipeline/piping shall be disconnected at the tank valves and the open ends of pipes shall be
blanked off. All tubular housing and conduits connected to the tanks for gauging or other instrumentation
purpose shall be disconnected. Cathodic protection system shall be disconnected only during the actual
surface preparation and coating application works. The tank shall have provision to exhaust gases from
the tank by at least two air changes per hour and vented at high level on the downwind side. The exhaust
and ventilation shall comply with local and national HSE regulations.
5.5.2 The tank shall be lighted in accordance with SSPC-Guide 12 and shall be ventilated. Any client-
related standards shall take precedence. All parts of the work shall be clearly visible.
6 Coating/lining materials
6.1 General
6.1.1 Typical coating and lining systems include high build solvent free glass-flake filled coating, hand
lay fibreglass reinforced lining (GRE, GRVE, GRUP), solvent free epoxy, phenolic epoxy, epoxy novolac and
high build epoxies.
6.1.2 All coating/lining materials shall be free of foreign elements and contaminants. The age of
materials components shall not exceed the recommended shelf-life as limited by the manufacturers.
6.1.3 The coating/lining materials shall be delivered to the site in original manufacturer’s sealed un-
opened containers with batch number, date of manufacture and expiry date clearly marked thereon.
6.1.4 All coating/lining materials intended to be used shall have five years’ proven performance in the
relevant service liquid. The details shall be submitted to the client for review and approval.
6.1.5 The coating and lining systems to be used and the areas to be lined for each tank shall be specified
by the client project specification and equipment data sheet.
6.1.6 The coating work shall be undertaken by applicators, including supervisors and workers, with
experience on installing the type of internal coating/lining specified as per the manufacturer instructions
and client requirements.
6.2 Approvals
6.2.1 All coating/lining materials and thinners in any (multi-coat) system shall be manufactured by a
single manufacturer to avoid any compatibility issues. For a particular project or maintenance job, the
use of different materials shall be subject to the client’s and paints manufacturers’ written approval.
6.2.2 The contractor’s submittal for coating/lining materials shall include details of the
manufacturer, technical specifications and performance testing of the materials to be used for the
client’s review and approval.
6.2.3 Manufacturer’s certificates shall be furnished with all coating/lining materials and shall confirm
that the material complies with the requirements of this International Standard.
6.2.4 The selected coating/lining materials, provided by the contractor, shall comply with 6.3 to 6.13
or as mentioned in relevant technical specification/datasheets.
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