CEN/TS 15901-14:2016

Road and airfield surface characteristics - Part 14: Procedure for determining the skid resistance of a pavement surface using a device with longitudinal controlled slip (LFCN): ViaFriction (Road Analyser and Recorder of ViaTech AS)

This Technical Specification describes a method for determining the wet road skid resistance of a surface by measurement of the longitudinal friction coefficient LFCN. The described method is also used to determine the skid resistance on a surface covered by ice or snow.
The method provides friction coefficient measurements of the pavement by using an electrically braked test wheel.
ViaFriction can operate in the following modes:
-   Fixed slip: The slip ratio is fixed. The slip ratio can be set to a value from 1 % to 75 %.
-   Fixed slip speed: The slip speed is fixed. The slip speed has to be lower than the vehicle speed.
-   Variable slip: The test wheel is braked from 0 % to 75 % slip ratio recording F 30, F 60 and the slip ratio/friction curve.
The test tyre is dragged over a pre-wetted pavement under controlled speed conditions while the test tyre is parallel to the direction of motion and perpendicular to the pavement. Skid resistance measurement on winter roads do not require pre-wetted pavement.
To determine the macrotexture of the pavement surface a laser system can be added. This system is placed in front of the towing vehicle in order to measure the macrotexture (mean profile depth - MPD) on dry pavements and on the same path as the skid resistance measurement is done. The standard for this measurement and the device is described in EN ISO 13473 1.

Oberflächeneigenschaften von Straßen und Flugplätzen - Teil 14: Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Griffigkeit von Fahrbahndecken durch Verwendung eines Geräts mit geregeltem Schlupf in Längsrichtung (LFCN): Das ViaFriction-Messgerät (Road Analyser and Recorder of ViaTech AS)

Diese Technische Spezifikation beschreibt ein Verfahren für die Bestimmung der Griffigkeit von nassen Fahrbahndecken durch Messung des Reibungskoeffizienten in Längsrichtung, LFCN. Das beschriebene Verfahren wird ebenfalls dazu verwendet, die Griffigkeit auf einer vereisten oder verschneiten Fahrbahndecke zu bestimmen.
Das Verfahren liefert Messungen für den Reibungskoeffizienten einer gebundenen Oberfläche durch einen elektrisch gebremsten Messreifen.
Das ViaFriction Messgerät kann auf die folgenden Weisen angewendet werden:
-   Fester Schlupf: das Schlupfverhältnis ist festgelegt. Das Schlupfverhältnis kann auf einen Wert zwischen 1 % und 75 % eingestellt werden.
-   Feste Schlupfgeschwindigkeit: die Schlupfgeschwindigkeit ist festgelegt. Die Schlupfgeschwindigkeit muss niedriger sein als die Fahrgeschwindigkeit.
-   Veränderlicher Schlupf: der Messreifen wird von einem Schlupfverhältnis von 0 % auf 75 % abgebremst und zeichnet F30, F60 sowie die Kurve von Schlupfverhältnis/Reibung auf.
Der Messreifen wird mit vertikaler Kraft und geregelter Geschwindigkeit über eine zuvor angenässte Fahrbahndecke gezogen, wobei er parallel zur Bewegungsrichtung und rechtwinklig zur Fahrbahn läuft. Griffigkeitsmessungen auf winterlichen Straßen erfordern kein Annässen der Fahrbahndecke.
Zur Bestimmung der Makrotextur der Fahrbahndecke kann zusätzlich ein Lasersystem verwendet werden. Dieses System wird vor dem Schleppfahrzeug angeordnet, um die Messung der Makrotextur (mittlere Profiltiefe, MPD) auf der trockenen Fahrbahn und auf der für die Griffigkeitsmessungen verwendeten Messstrecke zu ermöglichen. Das Normverfahren für diese Messung und das dafür zu verwendende Messgerät sind in EN ISO 13473 1 beschrieben.

Caractéristiques de surface des routes et aéroports - Partie 14: Mode opératoire de détermination de l'adhérence d'un revêtement de chaussée à l'aide d'un dispositif à frottement longitudinal contrôlé (CFLRDK): le ROAR (Analyseur de Route et Enregistreur du Norsemeter)

Značilnosti cestnih in letaliških površin - 14. del: Postopek določanja torne sposobnosti vozne površine z mehanizmom za kontroliran zdrs v vzdolžni smeri (LFCI): naprava ViaFriction (Road Analyser and Recorder of ViaTech AS)

Ta tehnična specifikacija opisuje metodo za določanje torne sposobnosti mokrega vozišča z meritvijo količnika vzdolžnega trenja LFCN. Opisana metoda se uporablja tudi za določanje torne sposobnosti vozišča, pokritega z ledom ali snegom.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 09-Feb-2016
• ICS: 93.080.20 - Road construction materials
• ICS: 93.120 - Construction of airports
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 227 - Road materials
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 227/WG 5 - Surface characteristics
• Current Stage: 9060 - Closure of 2 Year Review Enquiry - Review Enquiry
• Start Date: 02-Dec-2025
• Completion Date: 02-Dec-2025
• Ref Project: SIST-TS CEN/TS 15901-14:2016 - Road and airfield surface characteristics - Part 14: Procedure for determining the skid resistance of a pavement surface using a device with longitudinal controlled slip (LFCN): ViaFriction (Road Analyser and Recorder of ViaTech AS)

Overview

CEN/TS 15901-14:2016 defines a procedure for measuring pavement skid resistance using the ViaFriction device (Road Analyser and Recorder of ViaTech AS). The Technical Specification covers measurement of the longitudinal friction coefficient (LFCN) on wet pavements and on surfaces covered by ice or snow. Measurements are made with an electrically braked test wheel to provide continuous friction data along a wheel path. The specification also describes optional macrotexture measurement (Mean Profile Depth - MPD) by a laser system aligned with the skid resistance measurement path.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Measurement principle: friction coefficient (μ) is obtained from the longitudinal frictional force divided by vertical wheel load under controlled slipping.
• ViaFriction operating modes:
  • Fixed slip: slip ratio set from 1 % to 75 %.
  • Fixed slip speed: slip speed is fixed and must be lower than vehicle speed.
  • Variable slip: braked from 0 % to 75 % slip, recording F30, F60 and the slip ratio vs. friction curve.
• Test conditions:
  • Test tyre dragged parallel to vehicle motion and perpendicular to pavement.
  • Pre-wetted pavement required for wet-road measurements (not required for winter roads).
  • Winter road defined as surface temperature below +5 °C.
• Measurement support:
  • Optional laser system for macrotexture (MPD) measurement placed in front of the towing vehicle; measurement method referenced to EN ISO 13473-1.
• Data, calibration and quality:
  • Parameters to be recorded include LFCN, test speed, slip ratio/speed, wheel load, and environmental/test conditions.
  • The specification includes sections on calibration, accuracy, sampling interval, and test reporting.
• Safety: traffic control and precautions for water deposition, speed differentials and freezing risk are required.

Practical applications and users

CEN/TS 15901-14:2016 is aimed at professionals involved in pavement safety and management:

• Road authorities and pavement management teams for network monitoring and maintenance planning.
• Airport operators managing runway surface friction.
• Contractors and material suppliers for acceptance testing of new surfacings.
• Accident investigators, tire testers, and researchers comparing friction measurement devices.
• Laboratories and service providers performing skid resistance surveys and MPD assessments.

Related standards

• EN ISO 13473-1 - Characterization of pavement texture; determination of MPD (referenced for macrotexture measurement).
• ISO 13473-2 - Texture terminology and profile analysis.
• ASTM 1551 - Relevant specification for smooth‑tread tyres on fixed‑slip continuous friction equipment.

Keywords: CEN/TS 15901-14:2016, ViaFriction, skid resistance, LFCN, F30, F60, MPD, macrotexture, pavement friction, wet road skid resistance, winter roads.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-april-2016
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Road and airfield surface characteristics - Part 14: Procedure for determining the skid
resistance of a pavement surface using a device with longitudinal controlled slip (LFCN):
ViaFriction (Road Analyser and Recorder of ViaTech AS)
Oberflächeneigenschaften von Straßen und Flugplätzen - Teil 14: Verfahren zur
Bestimmung der Griffigkeit von Fahrbahndecken durch Verwendung eines Geräts mit
geregeltem Schlupf in Längsrichtung (LFCN): Das ViaFriction-Messgerät (Road Analyser
and Recorder of ViaTech AS)
Caractéristiques de surface des routes et aéroports - Partie 14 : Mode opératoire de
détermination de l'adhérence d'un revêtement de chaussée à l'aide d'un dispositif à
frottement longitudinal contrôlé (CFLRDK) : le ROAR (Analyseur de Route et
Enregistreur du Norsemeter)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 15901-14:2016
ICS:
93.080.20 Materiali za gradnjo cest Road construction materials
93.120 *UDGQMDOHWDOLãþ Construction of airports
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

CEN/TS 15901-14
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
February 2016
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
ICS 93.080.20; 93.120
English Version
Road and airfield surface characteristics - Part 14:
Procedure for determining the skid resistance of a
pavement surface using a device with longitudinal
controlled slip (LFCN): ViaFriction (Road Analyser and
Recorder of ViaTech AS)
Caractéristiques de surface des routes et aéroports - Oberflächeneigenschaften von Straßen und
Partie 14: Mode opératoire de détermination de Flugplätzen - Teil 14: Verfahren zur Bestimmung der
l'adhérence d'un revêtement de chaussée à l'aide d'un Griffigkeit von Fahrbahndecken durch Verwendung
dispositif à frottement longitudinal contrôlé (CFLRDK): eines Geräts mit geregeltem Schlupf in Längsrichtung
le ROAR (Analyseur de Route et Enregistreur du (LFCN): Das ViaFriction-Messgerät (Road Analyser and
Norsemeter) Recorder of ViaTech AS)
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 3 December 2015 for provisional application.

The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to
submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.

CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS
available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in
parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 15901-14:2016 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3
1 Scope . 4
2 Normative references . 4
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Recommended uses . 7
5 Safety . 8
6 Essential characteristics . 8
6.1 Principle of measurements . 8
6.2 Description of ViaFriction . 9
7 Key characteristics . 9
7.1 General . 9
7.2 Test speed . 9
7.3 Braking system . 9
7.4 Static wheel load . 9
7.5 Test wheel arrangement . 9
7.6 Test wheel . 9
7.7 Minimum sampling interval . 10
7.8 Pavement wetting system, water film thickness . 10
7.9 General requirements for measurements . 10
7.10 Parameters recorded . 10
8 Test procedure . 11
8.1 Standard test conditions . 11
8.2 Prior to testing . 12
8.3 Testing . 12
9 Data recording . 12
10 Calibration . 13
11 Accuracy . 13
12 Test report . 14
Bibliography . 15

European foreword
This document (CEN/TS 15901-14:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 227
“Road materials”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
1 Scope
This Technical Specification describes a method for determining the wet road skid resistance of a
surface by measurement of the longitudinal friction coefficient LFCN. The described method is also used
to determine the skid resistance on a surface covered by ice or snow.
The method provides friction coefficient measurements of the pavement by using an electrically braked
test wheel.
ViaFriction can operate in the following modes:
— Fixed slip: The slip ratio is fixed. The slip ratio can be set to a value from 1 % to 75 %.
— Fixed slip speed: The slip speed is fixed. The slip speed has to be lower than the vehicle speed.
— Variable slip: The test wheel is braked from 0 % to 75 % slip ratio recording F 30, F 60 and the slip
ratio/friction curve.
The test tyre is dragged over a pre-wetted pavement under controlled speed conditions while the test
tyre is parallel to the direction of motion and perpendicular to the pavement. Skid resistance
measurement on winter roads do not require pre-wetted pavement.
To determine the macrotexture of the pavement surface a laser system can be added. This system is
placed in front of the towing vehicle in order to measure the macrotexture (mean profile depth — MPD)
on dry pavements and on the same path as the skid resistance measurement is done. The standard for
this measurement and the device is described in EN ISO 13473-1.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN ISO 13473-1, Characterization of pavement texture by use of surface profiles — Part 1: Determination
of Mean Profile Depth (ISO 13473-1)
ISO 13473-2, Characterization of pavement texture by use of surface profiles — Part 2: Terminology and
basic requirements related to pavement texture profile analysis
ASTM 1551, Standard Specification for Special Purpose, Smooth–Tread Tire, Operated on Fixed Braking
Slip Continuous Friction Measuring Equipment
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
wet road skid resistance
property of a trafficked surface that limits relative movement between the surface and the part of a
vehicle tyre in contact with the surface, when lubricated with a film of water
Note 1 to entry: Factors that contribute to skid resistance are tyre pressure, contact area, tread pattern and
rubber composition: the alignment, texture, surface contamination and characteristics of the road surface, vehicle
speed and weather conditions.
Note 2 to entry: The skid resistance of a surface in Europe varies seasonally. Generally, wet skid resistance is
higher in winter as a result of the effects of wet detritus and the effects of frost and wear by tyres on microtexture
and macrotexture. Wet skid resistance is lower in summer as a result of dry polishing by tyres in the presence of
fine detritus.
Note 3 to entry: The change in skid resistance of a surface in service is affected by the volume of traffic and the
composition of the traffic, i.e. cars, buses, commercial vehicles of different sizes, as the tyres of these vehicles
polish and/or wear the surfacing material in different ways. The geometry of the road will affect the change in
skid resistance. Generally, tyres polish less on straight roads than on bends.
Note 4 to entry: Where the surface contains aggregate with a coating of binders, e.g. bitumen, resin or Portland
cement, the skid resistance can change as the coating is worn away by tyres.
3.2
dry road skid resistance
property of a trafficked surface that limits relative movement between the surface and the part of a
vehicle tyre in contact with the surface. The contact is not lubricated with a film of water
3.3
skid resistance
characterisation of the friction of a road surface when measured in accordance with a standardised
method
3.4
friction coefficient
μ
ratio between the horizontal force in the direction of the motion that can be activated between the test
wheel and the wet pavement and the vertical wheel load accomplished under controlled slipping
conditions
Note 1 to entry: The controlled slipping condition is achieved by an electrical brake system. If the vehicle is in
motion, the test wheel slides or slips in the forward direction.
3.5
friction
resistance to relative motion between two bodies in contact, the frictional force being the force, acting
tangentially in the contact area, which is measured by a friction-measuring device
3.6
slip ratio
slip speed divided by the vehicle speed
3.7
fixed slip speed
this is a fixed slip where the slip speed is configurable and independent of the vehicle speed. The vehicle
speed has always to be higher than the configured fixed slip speed
3.8
F 30
friction value at 30 km/h slip speed
3.9
F 60
friction value at 60 km/h slip speed
3.10
LFCN
longitudinal friction coefficient measured with the ViaFriction
3.11
macrotexture
deviation of a pavement from a true planar pavement with characteristic dimensions along the
pavement of 0,5 mm to 50 mm, corresponding to texture wavelengths with one-third-octave bands
including the range 0,63 mm to 50 mm centre wavelengths
Note 1 to entry: Peak to peak amplitudes normally vary in the range 0,1 mm to 20 mm.
Note 2 to entry: Macrotexture is a major factor influencing skid resistance at high speeds but it also has an
effect at low speeds.
3.12
Mean Profile Depth
MPD
descriptor of macrotexture, obtained from a texture profile measurement as defined in EN ISO 13473-1
and ISO 13473-2
3.13
calibration
periodic adjustment of the offset, the gain and the linearity of the output of a measurement method so
that all the calibrated devices of a particular type deliver the same value within a known and accepted
range of uncertainty, when measuring under identical conditions within given boundaries or
parameters
3.14
ret
...