CEN ISO/TS 19468:2022

Intelligent transport systems - Data interfaces between centres for transport information and control systems - Platform-independent model specifications for data exchange protocols for transport information and control systems (ISO/TS 19468:2022)

This document defines and specifies component facets supporting the exchange and shared usage of data and information in the field of traffic and travel.
The component facets include the framework and context for exchanges, the data content, structure and relationships necessary and the communications specifications, in such a way that they are independent from any defined technical platform.
This document establishes specifications for data exchange between any two instances of the following actors:
—    Traffic information centres (TICs);
—    Traffic control centres/Traffic management centres (TCCs/TMCs);
—    Service providers (SPs).
This document can also be applied for use by other actors, e.g. car park operators.
This document includes the following types of information:
—   use cases and associated requirements, and features relative to different exchange situations;
—   different functional exchange profiles;
—   abstract elements for protocols;
—   data model for exchange (informational structures, relationships, roles, attributes and associated data types required).
In order to set up a new technical exchange framework, it is necessary to associate one functional exchange profile with a technical platform providing an interoperability domain where plug-and-play interoperability at a technical level can be expected. The definition of such interoperability domains is out of scope of this document but can be found in other International Standards or Technical Specifications (e.g. the ISO 14827 series).
This document is restricted to data exchange. Definition of payload content models is out of the scope of this document.

Intelligente Verkehrssysteme - Datenschnittstelle zwischen Verkehrszentralen und Steuerungssystemen - Plattformunabhängige Modellspezifikationen für Datenaustauschprotokolle für Verkehrsinformations- und Steuerungssysteme (ISO/TS 19468:2022)

Systèmes de transport intelligents - Interface de données entre centres pour les systèmes de commande et d'information des transports - Spécification du modèle indépendant de plateforme pour les protocoles d'échange de données pour les systèmes de commande et d'information des transports (ISO/TS 19468:2022)

Inteligentni transportni sistemi - Podatkovni vmesnik med prometnimi informacijskimi centri in kontrolnimi sistemi - Specifikacije modela neodvisne platforme za protokole izmenjave podatkov za prometne informacijske in kontrolne sisteme (ISO/TS 19468:2022)

Ta dokument opredeljuje in določa vidike v zvezi s komponentami, ki omogočajo izmenjavo in skupno uporabo prometnih ter potovalnih podatkov in informacij. Vidiki v zvezi s komponentami vključujejo okvir in kontekst za izmenjave, potrebne podatkovne vsebine, strukturo in razmerja ter komunikacijske specifikacije, tako da so neodvisne od katere koli opredeljene tehnične platforme. Ta dokument določa specifikacije za izmenjavo podatkov med katerima koli akterjema na naslednjem seznamu: – prometni informacijski centri (TIC); – prometni nadzorni centri/centri za upravljanje prometa (TCC/TMC); – ponudniki storitev (SP). Ta dokument lahko uporabljajo tudi drugi akterji (npr. upravitelji parkirišč). Ta dokument zajema naslednje vrste informacij: – primeri uporabe in z njimi povezane zahteve ter značilnosti v zvezi z različnimi situacijami izmenjave; – različni profili funkcionalne izmenjave; – abstraktni elementi za protokole; – podatkovni modeli za izmenjavo (potrebne informacijske strukture, razmerja, vloge, atributi in z njimi povezane vrste podatkov). Za vzpostavitev novega okvira tehnične izmenjave je treba profil funkcionalne izmenjave povezati s tehnično platformo, ki zagotavlja domeno interoperabilnosti, v kateri je mogoče pričakovati interoperabilnost s takojšnjim učinkom (»vstavi in poženi«) na tehnični ravni. Opredelitev teh domen interoperabilnosti ne spada na področje uporabe tega dokumenta, vendar je na voljo v drugih mednarodnih standardih ali tehničnih specifikacijah (npr. skupina standardov ISO 14827). Ta dokument je omejen na izmenjavo podatkov. Opredelitev modelov koristnih vsebin ne spada na področje uporabe tega dokumenta.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 22-Feb-2022
• ICS: 03.220.20 - Road transport
• ICS: 35.240.60 - IT applications in transport
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 278 - Road transport and traffic telematics
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 278/WG 8 - Road traffic data (RTD)
• Current Stage: 6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
• Start Date: 23-Feb-2022
• Completion Date: 23-Feb-2022
• Ref Project: SIST-TS CEN ISO/TS 19468:2022 - Intelligent transport systems - Data interfaces between centres for transport information and control systems - Platform-independent model specifications for data exchange protocols for transport information and control systems (ISO/TS 19468:2022)

Relations

• Replaces: CEN ISO/TS 19468:2019 - Intelligent transport systems - Data interfaces between centres for transport information and control systems - Platform independent model specifications for data exchange protocols for transport information and control systems (ISO/TS 19468:2019)
• Effective Date: 02-Mar-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2022
Nadomešča:
SIST-TS CEN ISO/TS 19468:2019
Inteligentni transportni sistemi - Podatkovni vmesnik med prometnimi
informacijskimi centri in kontrolnimi sistemi - Specifikacije modela neodvisne
platforme za protokole izmenjave podatkov za prometne informacijske in
kontrolne sisteme (ISO/TS 19468:2022)
Intelligent transport systems - Data interfaces between centres for transport information
and control systems - Platform-independent model specifications for data exchange
protocols for transport information and control systems (ISO/TS 19468:2022)
Intelligente Verkehrssysteme - Datenschnittstelle zwischen Verkehrszentralen und
Steuerungssystemen - Plattformunabhängige Modellspezifikationen für
Datenaustauschprotokolle für Verkehrsinformationen und Steuerungssysteme (ISO/TS
19468:2022)
Systèmes de transport intelligents - Interface de données entre centres pour les
systèmes de commande et d'information des transports - Spécification du modèle
indépendant de plateforme pour les protocoles d'échange de données pour les systèmes
de commande et d'information des transports (ISO/TS 19468:2022)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN ISO/TS 19468:2022
ICS:
03.220.20 Cestni transport Road transport
35.240.60 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in transport
prometu
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

CEN ISO/TS 19468
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
February 2022
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
ICS 03.220.20; 35.240.60 Supersedes CEN ISO/TS 19468:2019
English Version
Intelligent transport systems - Data interfaces between
centres for transport information and control systems -
Platform-independent model specifications for data
exchange protocols for transport information and control
systems (ISO/TS 19468:2022)
Systèmes de transport intelligents - Interface de Intelligente Verkehrssysteme - Datenschnittstelle
données entre centres pour les systèmes de commande zwischen Verkehrszentralen und Steuerungssystemen
et d'information des transports - Spécification du - Plattformunabhängige Modellspezifikationen für
modèle indépendant de plateforme pour les protocoles Datenaustauschprotokolle für Verkehrsinformationen
d'échange de données pour les systèmes de commande und Steuerungssysteme (ISO/TS 19468:2022)
et d'information des transports (ISO/TS 19468:2022)
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 1 February 2022 for provisional application.

The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to
submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.

CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS
available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in
parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN ISO/TS 19468:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (CEN ISO/TS 19468:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 204
"Intelligent transport systems" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 278 “Intelligent
transport systems” the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes CEN ISO/TS 19468:2019.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO/TS 19468:2022 has been approved by CEN as CEN ISO/TS 19468:2022 without any
modification.
TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 19468
Second edition
2022-02
Intelligent transport systems —
Data interfaces between centres for
transport information and control
systems — Platform-independent
model specifications for data exchange
protocols for transport information
and control systems
Systèmes de transport intelligents — Interface de données entre
centres pour les systèmes de commande et d'information des
transports — Spécification du modèle indépendant de plateforme
pour les protocoles d'échange de données pour les systèmes de
commande et d'information des transports
Reference number
ISO/TS 19468:2022(E)
ISO/TS 19468:2022(E)
© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO/TS 19468:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword . vi
Introduction .viii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms.4
5 Exchange modeling framework .5
5.1 Overview . 5
5.2 Business scenarios and functional exchange profiles . 5
5.3 Requirements, features and exchange patterns . 6
5.4 Business scenario: information delivery . 7
5.4.1 Overview . 7
5.4.2 Requirements . 9
5.4.3 Data delivery exchange pattern . 9
5.4.4 Specific exchange pattern specification PIMs included in this document . 9
5.5 Business scenario: collaborative ITS services . 9
5.5.1 Overview . 9
5.5.2 Data exchange-enabling service request and feedback paradigm . 10
5.5.3 Requirements . 11
5.6 Exchange data model . 11
5.7 Data exchange features . 11
5.7.1 Context diagram . 11
5.7.2 Features . 12
5.8 Exchange pattern modeling using UML . 16
6 Snapshot pull .20
6.1 Overview . 20
6.2 Exchange pattern messages definition . 21
6.2.1 Overall presentation . 21
6.2.2 Exchange pattern definition . 22
6.2.3 Relevant exchange information in exchange data model .23
6.2.4 Exchange messages . 23
6.3 State diagrams .23
6.4 Features implementation description . 23
6.4.1 Overview .23
6.4.2 Subscription contract . 24
6.4.3 Session . 24
6.4.4 Information management. 24
6.4.5 Data delivery . 25
6.4.6 Self-description . 27
6.4.7 Communication. 27
6.4.8 General optimization issues . 27
7 Snapshot push .27
7.1 Overview . 27
7.2 Exchange pattern messages definition .28
7.2.1 Overall presentation .28
7.2.2 Basic exchange pattern . .28
7.2.3 Relevant exchange information in exchange data model .29
7.2.4 Exchanged messages .30
7.3 State diagrams .30
7.4 Features implementation description .30
7.4.1 Subscription contract . 31
7.4.2 Session . 31
iii
ISO/TS 19468:2022(E)
7.4.3 Information management. 31
7.4.4 Data delivery . 31
7.4.5 Self-description . 33
7.4.6 Communication/protocol . 33
7.4.7 General optimization issues . 33
8 Simple push . .33
8.1 Overview . 33
8.2 Exchange pattern messages definition .34
8.2.1 Overall presentation .34
8.2.2 Basic exchange pattern . 35
8.2.3 Relevant exchange information from exchange data model .36
8.2.4 List of exchanged messages . 37
8.3 State diagrams .38
8.4 Features implementation description .40
8.4.1 Overview .40
8.4.2 Subscription contract .40
8.4.3 Session .40
8.4.4 Information management. 42
8.4.5 Data delivery . 42
8.4.6 Self-description . 43
8.4.7 Communication/protocol . 43
8.4.8 General optimization issues . 43
9 Stateful push .43
9.1 Overview . 43
9.2 Exchange pattern messages definition .44
9.2.1 Overall presentation .44
9.2.2 Basic exchange pattern . . 45
9.2.3 Relevant exchange information from exchange data model . 47
9.2.4 List of exchanged messages .48
9.3 State Diagrams .48
9.4 Features implementation description .50
9.4.1 Overview . 50
9.4.2 Subscription contract . 51
9.4.3 Session . 51
9.4.4 Information management. 53
9.4.5 Data delivery . 53
9.4.6 Self-description .54
9.4.7 Communication.54
9.4.8 General optimization issues .54
10 Simple CIS .55
10.1 Overview . 55
10.2 Exchange pattern and messages definition . 55
10.2.1 Overall presentation . 55
10.2.2 Basic exchange pattern . .56
10.2.3 Relevant exchange information from exchange data model .58
10.2.4 Exchanged messages . 59
10.3 State diagrams .60
10.4 Features implementation description . 61
10.4.1 Overview . 61
10.4.2 Subscription contract . 61
10.4.3 Session . 61
10.4.4 Information management. 61
10.4.5 Self-description .66
10.4.6 Communication/protocol .66
11 Stateful CIS .66
11.1 Overview .66
iv
ISO/TS 19468:2022(E)
11.2 Exchange pattern and messages definition . 67
11.2.1 Overall presentation . 67
11.2.2 Basic exchange pattern .68
11.2.3 Relevant exchange information from exchange data model . 70
11.2.4 Exchanged messages . 71
11.3 State diagrams .73
11.4 Features implementation description .74
11.4.1 Overview .74
11.4.2 Subscription contract . 75
11.4.3 Session . 75
11.4.4 Information management. 75
11.4.5 Self-description . 76
11.4.6 Communication. 76
12 Other PIM definitions .76
Annex A (informative) Methodology presentation .77
Annex B (normative) Definition of requirements .79
Annex C (normative) Basic exchange data model and data dictionary .84
Annex D (informative) Introduction to communications and protocols .117
Annex E (informative) Major functional exchange profile and exchange patterns for
information delivery. 122
Annex F (informative) Data delivery background: stateless and stateful information with
information life cycle management .124
Annex G (informative) Collaborative ITS services (CIS) background . 126
Bibliography . 139
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ISO/TS 19468:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 204, Intelligent transport systems, in
collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC
278, Intelligent transport systems, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between
ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/TS 19468:2019), which has been
technically revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— UML Communication diagrams have been improved (introduction of Agents and Interfaces to define
actor subsystems interactions and addition of subclause 5.8 to describe UML modeling methodology
adopted);
— Void input parameter has been defined;
— Description of FEP+EP implementation has been improved with appropriate normative language;
— Publish Subscrube Exchange Pattern has been removed;
— Collaborative Intellignet Transport Systems (ITS) services requirements and features have been
reviewed and added in Clause 5 and Annexes B and E;
— Collaborative ITS service FEP+EP PIM description has been introduced in Clauses 10 and 11;
— Annex C has been reviewed, introducing new classes and attributes to support the implementation
of features used in other exchange patterns;
— Annex H has been deleted;
— Certain figures have been improved.
vi
ISO/TS 19468:2022(E)
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
vii
ISO/TS 19468:2022(E)
Introduction
This document defines a common set of data exchange specifications to support the vision of a seamless
interoperable exchange of traffic and travel information across boundaries, including national, urban,
interurban, road administrations, infrastructure providers and service providers. Standardization
in this context is a vital constituent to ensure interoperability, reduction of risk, reduction of the cost
base, promotion of open marketplaces and many social, economic and community benefits to be gained
from more informed travellers, network managers and transport operators.
[13]
Especially in Europe, delivering transport policy in line with the White Paper issued by the European
Commission requires co-ordination of traffic management and development of seamless pan European
services. With the aim of supporting sustainable mobility in Europe, the European Commission has
been supporting the development of information exchange mainly between the actors of the road traffic
management domain for a number of years.
This document supports a methodology that is extensible.
To be able to successfully connect systems and start exchanging data in an interoperable and easy
way, there is a need to describe and agree on how this exchange ought to be achieved. This is set out
in a data exchange specification. Data exchanges in different scenarios can have different needs and
requirements. Therefore, several data exchange specifications can be needed.
Data exchange specifications need to address two main issues. Firstly, they model the stakeholders
and actors involved in data exchange, each potentially in different roles, as well as abstract exchange
patterns for their interactions. Secondly, they select a suitable implementation platform and clearly
specify how the abstract scenarios and patterns are effectively implemented on this platform.
The diagram in Figure 1 shows such an abstract communication scenario from the perspective of a
road operator who requires data exchange interfaces between the different components of its own
operational systems, either between centre-side components or between centre and field devices, but
also to exchange information with other road operators or service providers.
Figure 1 — Abstract communication scenario
While the black links between centre-side components and field devices may use a variety of
communication protocols, mostly depending on the physical link conditions, the vast majority of other
coloured links between centre-side components, internal to one organization or external to others, are
viii
ISO/TS 19468:2022(E)
based on an internet protocol (IP) network and mostly use the transmission control protocol (TCP)
transport layer protocol (user datagram protocol, UDP, is also possible in a few cases).
Nevertheless, as the different colours indicate, they can very well have significantly different
requirements. Internal links (blue) can reside in one domain of trust, hence do not require protocols
compatible with security gateways. This can already be different for links to other road operators
(red) and will certainly not hold for links to other types of organizations, like service providers, via the
Internet (green).
While different security requirements offer the most striking and obvious example, there are more
criteria that can lead to different preferences on different types of links, e.g. scalability, robustness and
integration complexity.
In broad terms, the colours blue – red – green form a hierarchy from more internal, closely-coupled,
well-integrated systems towards external, loosely-coupled and non-integrated systems. The world of
information and communication technology (ICT) offers a broad range of solutions for these different
scenarios, offering different advantages and disadvantages. It is clear that the one-size-fits-all principle
will not provide the most efficient way of working here. Even on the highest level of abstraction and
inside the ICT domain itself, a well-known battle of paradigms between remote-procedure-call (RPC)
type service specifications and RESTful architectures exists. The same clusters of options are found in
the domain of ITS standards, where for example the European standard for the real-time information
interface relating to public transport operations (SIRI; see the EN 15531 series) introduces both
concepts as complementary options: Publish-Subscribe and Request-Response.
Furthermore, the ITS station architecture is not in contradiction with this document but is
complementary to what is defined in this document. According to the principles and the taxonomy
defined in ISO 21217, this document defines a conceptual notion of:
— How two central ITS (sub-)stations could communicate to:
— deliver information (application data units);
— negotiate functional service behaviour for collaborating traffic management functions (even if
this use case could not directly be matched to ISO 21217 as it is not about information delivery).
— How a central ITS (sub-)station could communicate to deliver information (application data units)
to another ITS station with the characteristics of a central ITS station.
This document specifies the process of defining the exchange characteristics by use case-driven feature
selection of relevant parameters for the relevant OSI layers as defined in ISO 21217. Two exchange
schemas are considered: information delivery and functional service negotiation between central ITS
stations.
The drafting of this document was guided by the following principles:
— interoperability, such that different implementations can successfully engage in a data exchange
process;
— supporting of legacy implementations which are based on existing (exchange) specification, in order
to maximize investments already made by stakeholders;
— addressing other user profiles, not only road operators, thus making this document available to a
broader audience;
— reusing existing (communications) standards, in order to reduce implementation complexity and
take benefit of proven and already existing solutions for common ICT problems;
— maintaining a clear separation between the payload content and the exchange model.
Annex A details the adopted methodology for defining this exchange platform-independent model
(PIM).
ix
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 19468:2022(E)
Intelligent transport systems — Data interfaces between
centres for transport information and control systems
— Platform-independent model specifications for data
exchange protocols for transport information and control
systems
1 Scope
This document defines and specifies component facets supporting the exchange and shared usage of
data and information in the field of traffic and travel.
The component facets include the framework and context for exchanges, the data content, structure and
relationships necessary and the communications specifications, in such a way that they are independent
from any defined technical platform.
This document establishes specifications for data exchange between any two instances of the following
actors:
— Traffic information centres (TICs);
— Traffic control centres/Traffic management centres (TCCs/TMCs);
— Service providers (SPs).
This document can also be applied for use by other actors, e.g. car park operators.
This document includes the following types of information:
— use cases and associated requirements, and features relative to different exchange situations;
— different functional exchange profiles;
— abstract elements for protocols;
— data model for exchange (informational structures, relationships, roles, attributes and associated
data types required).
In order to set up a new technical exchange framework, it is necessary to associate one functional
exchange profile with a technical platform providing an interoperability domain where plug-and-play
interoperability at a technical level can be expected. The definition of such interoperability domains
is out of scope of this document but can be found in other International Standards or Technical
Specifications (e.g. the ISO 14827 series).
This document is restricted to data exchange. Definition of payload content models is out of the scope
of this document.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO/TS 19468:2022(E)
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
business scenario
high-level description of the interactions that can exist within a system being analyzed or between the
system and external entities (called actors) in terms of business functions
Note 1 to entry: See also use case (3.21).
3.2
client
entity that rec
...