EN 12999:2002
(Main)Cranes - Loader cranes
Cranes - Loader cranes
This European Standard specifies minimum requirements for design, calculation, examinations and tests of hydraulic powered loader cranes and their mountings onto vehicles or static foundations. Note: There are in the process of development a number of standards on design and other matters that will require incorporation into this standard when they are completed. This standard does not apply to loader cranes used on board ships and does not specify requirements for the lifting of persons with loader cranes. The hazards covered by this EN are identified in clause 4.
Krane - Ladekrane
Diese Europäische Norm legt die Mindestanforderungen für Gestaltung, Berechnung, Untersuchungen und Prüfungen von hydraulisch angetriebenen Ladekranen und ihre Montage auf Fahrzeuge oder ortsfeste Unterkonstruktion fest. Anmerkung: Eine Reihe von Normen bezüglich Gestaltung und anderer Punkte befindet sich im Entwicklungsstadium; dies wird deren Einbeziehung nach abgeschlossener Bearbeitung erforderlich machen. Diese Norm gilt nicht für Ladekrane auf Schiffen und legt nicht die Anforderungen für das Heben von Personen mit Ladekranen fest.
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Grues de chargement
La présente norme européenne spécifie les exigences minimales relatives à la conception, au calcul, aux examens et aux essais des grues de chargement hydrauliques et à leur montage sur des véhicules ou massifs pour montage poste fixe. Note: Un certain nombre de normes relatives à la conception et à d'autres sujets sont en cours d'élaboration et devront être incorporées dans cette norme lorsqu'elles seront terminées. La présente norme ne s'applique pas aux grues de chargement utilisées à bord des navires et ne spécifie pas les exigences de transport de personnes à l'aide de grues de chargement.
Dvigala (žerjavi) – Nakladalna dvigala
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2003
Dvigala (žerjavi) – Nakladalna dvigala
Cranes - Loader cranes
Krane - Ladekrane
Appareils de levage a charge suspendue - Grues de chargement
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 12999:2002
ICS:
53.020.20 Dvigala Cranes
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 12999
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
September 2002
ICS 53.020.20
English version
Cranes - Loader cranes
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Grues de Krane - Ladekrane
chargement
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 8 March 2001.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2002 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 12999:2002 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents
Foreword.3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions.6
4 List of significant hazards.11
5 Safety requirements and/or safety measures.14
6 Verification of the safety requirements and/or measures .29
7 Information for use .35
Annex A (informative) Examples of configurations and mountings.41
Annex B (informative) Structural calculations .46
Annex C (informativ) Explanatory notes .70
Annex D (informative) Examples of dangerous movements .71
Annex E (normative) Symbols for working and setting-up functions .72
Annex F (informative) Control system – Preferred vertical layout for controls operated from the
ground.74
Annex G (informative) Control system - Horizontal layout order .76
Annex H (informative) Control levers for high seats and remote controls.78
Annex I (Not used) .80
Annex J (normative) Minimum internal dimensions for cabins fitted on vehicle mounted loader
cranes up to a net lifting moment of 250 kNm.81
Annex K (informative) Examples of raised control stations .82
Annex L (normative) Raised control stations - Measures regarding hand rails and hand holds,
ladders and steps .84
Annex M (informative) Installation of a loader crane on a vehicle .87
Annex N (informative) Selection of a suitable set of crane standards for a given application .93
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship of this document with EC Directives.95
Bibliography .96
Foreword
This document (EN 12999:2002) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN /TC 147, "Cranes - Safety",
the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text
or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2003 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the
latest by March 2003.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this document: Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Introduction
This European Standard is a harmonised standard to provide one means for loader cranes to conform to the essential
health and safety requirements of the Machinery Directive 98/37/EEC.
This European Standard is a type C standard as stated in EN 1070.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards are covered are indicated in the scope of this standard.
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies minimum requirements for design, calculation, examinations and tests of
hydraulic powered loader cranes and their mountings onto vehicles or static foundations.
This standard does not apply to loader cranes used on board ships or floating structures and to articulated
boom system cranes which are designed as total integral parts of special equipment such as forwarders.
The hazards covered by this standard are identified in clause 4.
This standard does not cover hazards related to the lifting of persons.
This standard applies to loader cranes (including timber handling cranes) which are manufactured after the date
of approval by CEN of this standard.
NOTE 1 Winches will be covered by a special standard being in preparation by CEN/TC 147.
NOTE 2 The use of cranes for the lifting of persons may be subject to specific national regulations.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For
dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications apply to this European
Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the
publication referred to apply (including amendments).
EN 292-1:1991, Safety of machinery – Basic concepts – General principles for design – Part 1: Basic
terminology, methodology
EN 292-2:1991 + A1:1995, Safety of machinery – Basic concepts – General principles for design – Part 2:
Technical principles and specifications
EN 294:1992, Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached by the upper
limbs.
EN 349:1993, Safety of machinery – Minimum distances to avoid crushing of parts of the human body.
EN 811:1996, Safety of machinery – Safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached by the lower
limbs.
EN 954-1:1996, Safety of machinery – Safety-related parts of control systems – Part 1: General principles for
design
EN 982:1996, Safety requirements for fluid power systems and components - Hydraulics
EN 1070:1998, Safety of machinery - Terminology
EN 12077-2:1998, Cranes safety – Requirements for health and safety – Part 2: Limiting and indicating devices
EN 12644-1:2001, Cranes – Information for use and testing – Part 1: Instructions
EN 12644-2:2000, Cranes – Information for use and testing – Part 2: Marking
prEN 13557:1999, Cranes - Controls and control stations
prEN 13586:1999, Cranes - Access
EN 50081-2:1993, Electromagnetic compatibility – Generic emission standard – Part 2: Industrial environment
EN 50082-2:1995, Electromagnetic compatibility – Generic immunity standard – Part 2: Industrial environment
EN 60204-32:1998, Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 32: Requirements for
hoisting machines.
EN 61000-6-2:1999, Electromagnetic compatability (EMC) - Part 6-2: Generic standards – Immunity for
industrial environments (IEC 61000-6-2:1999)
EN ISO 5353:1998, Earth-moving machinery and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Seat
index point (ISO 5353:1995)
ISO 4302:1981, Cranes — Wind load assessment
3 Terms and definitions
3.1 Definitions
For convenience of reference the definitions are - with the exception of 3.1.1 loader crane - grouped in
alphabetical order in the English version.
For the purposes of this standard, the definitions given in EN 1070:1998 apply, together with the following:
3.1.1
loader crane
powered crane comprising of a column, which slews about a base, and a boom system which is attached on to
the top of the column. The crane is usually fitted on a vehicle (including trailer) and is designed for loading and
unloading the vehicle.
NOTE 1 A crane, as defined above, installed on a static foundation is still considered a loader crane.
NOTE 2 Annex A give examples of configuration and mountings.
3.1.2
articulated
movement of boom members pivoting about a pin joint
3.1.3
base
housing incorporating anchoring points and bearings for the slewing column
3.1.4
boom
structural member in the boom system of the loader crane
3.1.5
boom extension, hydraulic
part of the boom which is capable of hydraulic telescopic movement to vary its length
3.1.6
boom extension, manual
part of the boom which can be manually extended or retracted
3.1.7
boom system
complete system, consisting of booms, boom extensions and cylinders
3.1.8
column
structural member which supports the boom system
3.1.9
control system
interface between the operating levers and the actuating components which provide movements of the loader
crane
3.1.10
control station
position from which the loader crane may be operated
3.1.11
danger zone
any zone within and/or around the mac hinery in which a person is exposed to risk of injury or damage to health.
(EN 1070:1998)
3.1.12
dead loads
forces due to the masses of the fixed and movable crane parts which act permanently on the structure while the
crane is being used
3.1.13
dynamic pressure
pressure in a hydraulic system component or part of hydraulic system caused by dynamic forces on actuators
when handling the load
3.1.14
fixed load lifting attachment
equipment from which the net load may be suspended and which is fitted directly to the boom head as an
integral part of the crane. This comprises e.g. hooks, grabs,
3.1.15
flow sensitive check valve
valve which stops the flow when a pre-set pressure drop level is exceeded
3.1.16
gross load
sum of payload, lifting attachments and if applicable a portion of the hoist rope
3.1.17
high seat
control station connected to the column, consequently rotating with the crane
3.1.18
hydraulic line rupture
failure of a hydraulic line which results in a loss of pressure in the line
3.1.19
load holding valve
valve which is normally closed and is opened by an external force to allow the flow of fluid out of a hydraulic
actuator
3.1.20
main relief valve
valve which limits the pressure supplied to the hydraulic system of the crane
3.1.21
maximum working pressure
maximum pressure in pump circuit or individual working function
3.1.22
net lifting moment
rated capacity multiplied by outreach
3.1.23
non-fixed load lifting attachment
interchangeable equipment which can be fitted directly or indirectly to the hook or any other coupling device of a
crane by the user without affecting its integrity
3.1.24
outreach
the horizontal distance between the axis of rotation of the boom/boom system/jib in a vertical plane and point of
load attachment.
3.1.25
outreach, hydraulic
outreach which can be obtained with hydraulically actuated parts of the boom system
3.1.26
payload
load, which is lifted by the crane and suspended from the non-fixed load-lifting attachment(s) or, if such an
attachment is not used, directly from the fixed load-lifting attachment(s)
3.1.27
port relief valve
valve which limits the pressure supplied to a hydraulic actuator
3.1.28
pressure relief valve
va
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