EN 4691-1:2017
(Main)Aerospace series - Tie rod with integrated bolts - Part 1: Technical specification
Aerospace series - Tie rod with integrated bolts - Part 1: Technical specification
This standard specifies the required characteristics, inspection and test methods, qualification and acceptance conditions for rod assemblies with two adjustable ends with integrated bolts, designed to withstand static and dynamic loads possible for interior and substructure in the temperature range from − 55 °C to 85 °C. It is applicable whenever referenced.
For a complete overview see EN 4691-2.
Luft- und Raumfahrt - Zug-Druck-Stange mit integrierten Bolzen - Teil 1: Technische Lieferbedingungen
Série aérospatiale - Bielle avec axes intégrés - Partie 1 : Spécification technique
Aeronavtika - Zglobna ročica z vgrajenim sornikom - 1. del: Tehnična specifikacija
Ta standard določa zahtevane lastnosti, preglede in preskusne metode, kvalifikacije ter pogoje sprejemljivosti za sestave ročic z dvema nastavljivima končnikoma z vgrajenimi sorniki, ki so odporne na statične in dinamične obremenitve ter se lahko uporabljajo v notranjosti ali podstrukturah v temperaturnem razponu od –55 °C do 85 °C. Uporablja se, kadar je naveden.
Za celoten pregled glej standard EN 4691-2.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2017
$HURQDYWLND=JOREQDURþLFD]YJUDMHQLPVRUQLNRPGHO 7HKQLþQDVSHFLILNDFLMD
Aerospace series - Tie rod with integrated bolts - Part 1: Technical specification
Luft- und Raumfahrt - Zug-Druck-Stange mit integrierten Bolzen - Teil 1: Technische
Lieferbedingung
Série aérospatiale - Bielle avec axes intégrés - Partie 1 : Spécification technique
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 4691-1:2017
ICS:
49.035 Sestavni deli za letalsko in Components for aerospace
vesoljsko gradnjo construction
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN 4691-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
October 2017
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 49.035
English Version
Aerospace series - Tie rod with integrated bolts - Part 1:
Technical specification
Série aérospatiale - Bielle avec axes intégrés - Partie 1 : Luft- und Raumfahrt - Zug-Druck-Stange mit
Spécification technique integrierten Bolzen - Teil 1: Technische
Lieferbedingungen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 June 2016.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 4691-1:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 8
5 Required characteristics, inspections and test methods . 9
6 Allowable static loads . 10
7 Allowable dynamic loads . 17
8 Assembly load locking clip EN 4692 . 22
9 Adjustment-torque . 23
10 Technical requirements. 24
11 Qualification . 30
12 Condition on delivery . 31
13 Material . 31
Annex A (normative) Sampling . 37
A.1 Acceptance test samples . 37
A.2 Qualification test samples . 38
Annex B (informative) Standard evolution form . 54
European foreword
This document (EN 4691-1:2017) has been prepared by the Aerospace and Defence Industries
Association of Europe - Standardization (ASD-STAN).
After enquiries and votes carried out in accordance with the rules of this Association, this Standard has
received the approval of the National Associations and the Official Services of the member countries of
ASD, prior to its presentation to CEN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2018, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by April 2018.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Introduction
Aerospace and Defence Standardization (ASD-STAN) draws attention to the fact that it is claimed that
compliance with this document may involve the use of a patent.
USA: US 8371767
China: CN 10104431
Japan: JP 4885140
Russia: RU 2389914
South Africa: ZA 2007/03913
Canada: 2584387
South Korea: 7011559
ASD-STAN takes no position concerning the evidence, validity and scope of this patent right.
The holder of this patent right has assured ASD-STAN that he/she is willing to negotiate licences under
reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and conditions with applicants throughout the world. In this
respect, the statement of the holder of this patent right is registered with ASD-STAN. Information may
be obtained from:
GMT Gummi-Metall-Technik GmbH
Liechtersmatten 5
D-77815 Bühl
TRIGUM Engineering GmbH
Brunskamp 4
D-21220 Seevetal/Maschen
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights other than those identified above. ASD-STAN shall not be held responsible for identifying
any or all such patent rights.
1 Scope
This standard specifies the required characteristics, inspection and test methods, qualification and
acceptance conditions for rod assemblies with two adjustable ends with integrated bolts, designed to
withstand static and dynamic loads possible for interior and substructure in the temperature range
from − 55 °C to 85 °C. It is applicable whenever referenced.
For a complete overview see EN 4691-2.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
DIN 53504, Testing of rubber — Determination of tensile strength at break, tensile stress at yield,
elongation at break and stress values in a tensile test
DIN 65271, Aerospace series — Elastomeric semi-finished products and parts — Technical specification
EN 571-1, Non-destructive testing — Penetrant testing — Part 1: General principles
EN 2004-1, Aerospace series — Test methods for aluminium and aluminium alloy products —
Part 1: Determination of electrical conductivity of wrought aluminium alloys
EN 2424, Aerospace series — Marking of aerospace products
EN 2825, Aerospace series — Burning behaviour of non metallic materials under the influence of radiating
heat and flames — Determination of smoke density
EN 2826, Aerospace series — Burning behaviour of non metallic materials under the influence of radiating
heat and flames — Determination of gas components in the smoke
EN 3844 (all parts), Aerospace series — Flammability of non metallic materials
EN 4691-2, Aerospace series — Tie rod with integrated bolts — Part 2: Overview construction kit
EN 4692, Aerospace series — Tie rod with integrated bolts — Locking clip
EN 4693, Aerospace series — Tie rod with integrated bolts — Assembly Code A, B and C
EN 4694, Aerospace series — Tie rod with integrated bolts — Assembly Code D, E and F
EN 4695, Aerospace series — Tie rod with integrated bolts — Assembly Code G, H and K
EN 9100, Quality Management Systems — Requirements for Aviation, Space and Defense Organizations
EN 9133, Aerospace series — Quality management systems — Qualification procedure for aerospace
standard parts
EN 10204, Metallic products — Types of inspection documents
EN ISO 75-2, Plastics — Determination of temperature of deflection under load — Part 2: Plastics and
ebonite (ISO 75-2)
EN ISO 175, Plastics — Methods of test for the determination of the effects of immersion in liquid
chemicals (ISO 175)
EN ISO 178, Plastics — Determination of flexural properties (ISO 178
EN ISO 179-1, Plastics — Determination of Charpy impact properties — Part 1: Non-instrumented impact
test (ISO 179-1)
EN ISO 291, Plastics — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing (ISO 291)
EN ISO 527-2, Plastics — Determination of tensile properties — Part 2: Test conditions for moulding and
extrusion plastics (ISO 527-2)
EN ISO 1172, Textile-glass-reinforced plastics — Prepregs, moulding compounds and laminates —
Determination of the textile-glass and mineral-filler content — Calcination methods (ISO 1172)
EN ISO 1183-1, Plastics — Methods for determining the density of non-cellular plastics — Part 1:
Immersion method, liquid pyknometer method and titration method (ISO 1183-1)
EN ISO 9001, Quality management systems — Requirements (ISO 9001)
EN ISO 9227, Corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres — Salt spray tests (ISO 9227)
ISO 34-1, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of tear strength — Part 1: Trouser, angle
and crescent test pieces
ISO 37, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of tensile stress-strain properties
ISO 1817, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of the effect of liquids
ISO 2781, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of density
ISO 5855-1, Aerospace — MJ threads — Part 1: General requirements
ISO 5855-2, Aerospace — MJ threads — Part 2: Limit dimensions for bolts and nuts
ISO 10123, Adhesives — Determination of shear strength of anaerobic adhesives using pin-and-collar
specimens
ISO 10964, Adhesives — Determination of torque strength of anaerobic adhesives on threaded fasteners
1)
ASTM E112, Standard Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
ASTM C177, Standard Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission
2)
Properties by Means of the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
ASTM D696, Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion of Plastics Between –30 °C
2)
and 30 °C with a Vitreous Silica Dilatometer
2)
FAR/JAR/CS 25.853, Compartment Interiors
1)
Published by: American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken,
PA 19428-2959, USA. http://www.astm.org/
2)
Published by: European Aviation Safety Agency, Postfach 101253, D-50452 Koeln, Germany.
3)
RTCA-DO 160E, Environmental Conditions and Test Procedures for Airborne Equipment
UL 746B version 1.3 date 29.11.2000, Plastics — Polymeric Materials — Long Term Property
4)
Evaluations
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
standard part
completed rod assembly, which consists of a rod body, two end fittings (adjustable) and their associated
locking or blocking system
3.2
assembly
— See EN 4693;
— See EN 4694;
— See EN 4695.
3.3
traceability
ability to trace the history, application or location of an entity by means of recorded identifications
Note 1 to entry: Traceability of raw materials and manufacturing processes of each individual component of
every tie rod refers to EN 9100. Every tie rod is marked for traceability with a serial number.
3.4
Batch definition
3.4.1
manufacturing batch
composed of rod bodies made of same material (same material batch), with same diameter and same
thickness and belonging to the same manufacturing campaign and equipped with rod body ends and
rods ends of same design
3.4.2
artificial batch
consists of different manufacturing batches and are limited to a maximum of 100 rods
3.5
qualification test
is a test or series of tests to demonstrate that the products comply with the requirements stipulated in
this specification and/or in a product standard and are accomplished according to documented
parameters and under reproducible conditions
3.6
acceptance test
demonstrates that the characteristics of manufactured products comply with the requirements
3)
Published by: Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics (RTCA), 1140 Connecticut Ave., N.W. Suite 1020,
Washington, D.C. 20036, USA.
4)
Published as UL Standard, http://ulstandardsinfonet.ul.com.
4 Symbols and abbreviations
L = tie rod length Pin to Pin [mm]
a = amplitude
D = outer diameter rod body
d = transformed diameter rod body
D = total damage
a
D = partial damage
ai
R = border stress rate
n = lifetime
R = roughness
a
s = factor ultimate, limit load
s = fitting factor
QTP = Qualification Test Plan
QTR = Qualification Test Report
F = compression Load [N]
c
F = load amplitude [N]
a
L = load cycle
c
5 Required characteristics, inspections and test methods
See Table 1.
Table 1 — Inspections and test methods
b
Inspection
A
a
Clause Characteristic Requirement Q
and test method
In accordance with Clause 7
See 7.2.
in this specification or design
7 Allowable dynamic loads Wöhler curve and X –
documentation at 85 °C
Miner’s rule
temperature
In accordance with Table 3 See Clause 8.
Assembly load locking
8 in this specification or design Assembly load locking X X
clip
documentation clip EN 4692
In accordance with Table 4
See Clause 9.
9 Adjustment-torque in this specification or design X X
Adjustment-torque
documentation
Check of heat treatment
According to
/ condition for See EN 2004-1. X X
EN 2004-1
Aluminium alloy
In accordance with 10.2
Check of external See 10.2.1, 10.2.2
10.2 in this specification or design X X
surfaces and 10.2.3.
documentation
In accordance with 10.3
10.3 Cross sectional check in this specification or design See 10.3.2 and 10.3.3. X X
documentation
In accordance with the product
See 10.4.1, 10.4.2
X
10.4 Dimensional check standard or design X
and 10.4.3.
documentation
In accordance with 10.5
Static load test of rod
10.5 in this specification or design See 10.5.1 and 10.5.2. X X
assembly
documentation
In accordance with the product
10.6 Check of mass standard or design Suitable methods X X
documentation
In accordance with the product
10.7 Check of paint thickness standard or design Suitable methods X X
documentation
In accordance 10.8
in this specification or design See 10.8.1, 10.8.2
10.8 Tensile test X –
documentation at 85 °C and 10.8.3.
temperature
In accordance with 10.9
in this specification or design See 10.9.1
10.9 Compression tests X –
documentation at 85 °C and 10.9.2.
temperature
In accordance with 10.9.3
Check of buckling
10.9.3 in this specification or design See 10.9.3. X –
strength
documentation
In accordance with 10.10
Break away torque test
10.10 in this specification or design See 10.10. X X
plastic insert
documentation
10.11 Corrosion test See EN ISO 9227. X –
According EN ISO 9227 spray
b
Inspection
A
a
Clause Characteristic Requirement Q
and test method
time 192 h
Fire worthiness
10.12 According FAR/JAR/CS 25.853 See FAR/JAR/CS 25.853. X –
requirements
Environmental RTCA-DO160E Section 11
10.13 See 10.13.2 and 10.13.3. X –
conditions Category F
10.14 Marking According EN 2424 style A Visual examination X X
13 Material See 13.1. See 13.2. X X
a
Q: Qualification test.
b
A: Acceptance test (per delivery batch).
Sample plan for qualification and series production see Annex A.
6 Allowable static loads
All values are measured at a temperature of 85 °C.
Factor of safety between ultimate and limit load s = 1,5.
Factor for manufacturing and material tolerances s = 1,1.
6.1 Load calculation
For ultimate and limit load calculation, see Equation (1) and Equation (2).
Ultimate load = verified measured values / s (1)
Limit load = ultimate load / s (2)
6.2 Static tension loads
For tension loads, see Table 2.
Table 2 — Tension loads
EN Assembly Material Pin Size Limit Ultimate Limit and ultimate
Standard code code diameter code tension tension compression
Load Load Load
−0,013
mm kN kN
6,35
See Figure 1
EN 4693 A, B, C A, B 13,3 20
and Figure 2.
7,938
9,525 28
EN 4694 D, E, F A 6,35 21 13,3 20 See Figure 3.
EN 4694 D, E, F A 7,938 13,3 20 See Figure 3.
EN Assembly Material Pin Size Limit Ultimate Limit and ultimate
Standard code code diameter code tension tension compression
Load Load Load
−0,013
mm kN kN
9,525 28
6,35 21 24 36
EN 4694 D, E, F B See Figure 4.
7,938
26,7 40
9,525 28
6,35
EN 4695 G, H, K C 61 13,3 20 See Figure 5.
7,938
6.3 Static compression loads
For compression loads assembly code A, B, C, see Figure 1 and Figure 2.
For compression loads (F ) calculation, see Equation (3), Equation (4), Equation (5) and Equation (6).
c
Key
1 Curve ultimate load
2 Curve limit load
Figure 1 — Compression load assembly code A, B, C with material code A
For rod lengths smaller than 510 mm the load limitation is given by the thread of fork end, eye end in
aluminium at ultimate load 12 kN and limit load 8 kN.
Key
1 Curve ultimate load
2 Curve limit load
Figure 2 — Compression load assembly code A, B, C with material code B
For rod lengths smaller than 315 mm the load limitation is given by mechanical strength of the rod body
at ultimate load 18 kN and limit load 12 kN.
For compression loads assembly code D, E, F, see Figure 3 and Figure 4.
For compression loads (F ) calculation, see Equation (7), Equation (8), Equation (9) and Equation (10).
c
Key
1 Curve ultimate load
2 Curve limit load
Figure 3 — Compression load assembly code D, E, F with material code A
For rod lengths smaller than 840 mm the load limitation is given by the thread of fork end, eye end in
aluminium at ultimate load 12 kN and limit load 8 kN.
Key
1 Curve ultimate load
2 Curve limit load
Figure 4 — Compression load assembly code D, E, F with material code B
For rod lengths smaller than 660 mm the load limitation is given by the thread of fork end, eye end in
stainless steel at ultimate load 20 kN and limit load 13,3 kN.
For compression loads assembly code G, H, K, see Figure 5.
Key
1 Curve ultimate load
2 Curve limit load
Figure 5 — Compression load assembly code G, H, K with material code C
For all rod lengths the load limitation is given by mechanical strength of the rod body at ultimate load
18 kN and limit load 12 kN.
7 Allowable dynamic loads
7.1 Description of Test procedure
For the lifetime prediction of the tie rods so called part related Wöhler curves shall be generated. The
Wöhler curves shall be generated with a one-axis hydraulic test bench. All tests shall be executed with
alternating tension, compression load and load controlled sinus signal.
During the Wöhler-Test the loads where choose to minimize the effort to obtain the decisive results. To
define the 90 % and 95 %-Wöhler curve a constant linear gradient has been assumed. The curve was
displaced in a way that all single test results were above the curve.
For the damage calculation the elementary Miner-Rule shall be applied. The main predication is that the
partial damage caused by single load cycles can be added up over all given load cycles. Damage equal or
higher than one indicates failure of the component.
7.2 Wöhler curve and Miner’s rule
For example of Wöhler curve, see Figure 6.
Experience: A load cycle of amplitude a can be repeated n-times until failure.
Logarithmic space: Linear relation between amplitude of a load cycle and corresponding lifetime.
Figure 6 — Fatigue strength is given by a Wöhler curve (S-n curve)
Every load cycle causes a partial damage (Palmgren / Miner). Partial damage (D ) of single load cycle is
a
the reciprocal value of lifetime (n), see Figure 7.
𝐷𝐷 =
a
𝑛𝑛
Figure 7 — Equation "Partial damage"
Total damage (D ) of a load signal results from accumulation of partial damages (D ) (Miner's rule).
a ai
Damage equal to one indicates failure, see Figure 8.
= ∑𝐷𝐷 and 𝐷𝐷 = 1 → Failure
𝐷𝐷
a ai a
Figure 8 — Equation “Partial damage”
7.3 Part related Wöhler curve
All values are measured at a temperature of 85 °C.
For load amplitude Y (F ) and cycles X (L ) calculation, see Equation (11) and Equation (12) in Figure 9.
a c
Assembly code A, B, C Rod end Fork end
Rod body AL Ø 20,0 mm Material code A, B Material code A, B
Key
1 Reliability 90 %
2 Reliability 95 %
Wöhler curve for alternating loads tension and compression R = − 1 probability 95 %.
Figure 9 — Part related Wöhler curves
For load amplitude Y (F ) and cycles X (L ) calculation, see Equation (13) and Equation (14) in
a c
Figure 10.
Assembly code D, E, F Rod end Fork end
Rod body AL Ø 25,4 mm Material code A Material code A
Key
1 Reliability 90 %
2 Reliability 95 %
Wöhler curve for alternating loads tension and compression R = − 1 probability 95 %.
Figure 10 — Part related Wöhler curves
For load amplitude Y (F ) and cycles X (L ) calculation, see Equation (15) and Equation (16) in
a c
Figure 11.
Assembly code D, E, F Rod end Fork end
Rod body AL Ø 25,4 mm Material code B Material code B
Key
1 Reliability 90 %
2 Reliability 95 %
Wöhler curve for alternating loads tension and compression R = − 1 probability 95 %.
Figure 11 — Part related Wöhler curves
For load amplitude Y (F ) and cycles X (L ) calculation, see Equation (17) and Equation (18) in
a c
Figure 12.
Assembly code G, H, K Rod end Fork end
Rod body AL Ø 20,0 mm Material code C Material code C
Key
1 Reliability 90 %
2 Reliability 95 %
Wöhler curve for alternating loads tension and compression R = − 1 probability 95 %.
Figure 12 — Part related Wöhler curves
8 Assembly load locking clip EN 4692
8.1 Requirements
The locking clip has to be assembled and disassembled during installation of the tie rod in the aircraft.
Therefore the clip has to be pressed over the tooth system of the insert without exceeding the specified
forces.
8.2 Assembly load
The tolerances for assembly and disassembly has been specified, see Table 3. Force values have to be
documented after 1, 30, 60, 90 cycles:
Table 3 — Assembly load
Force Number of cycles
N
±50
Assembly load for clip
150 1 to 90
over tooth system
Disassembly load for clip
250 90
over tooth system
All tests should be performed at ambient temperature.
9 Adjustment-torque
9.1 Requirements
Due to the construction of the tie rods no counter nuts can be used. Consequently the threads of the fork
and rod ends have an axial play. With a special geometry of the threads (male thread M10 × 1,25 female
thread M10 × 1,255) the axial play of the threads has to be eliminated. For EN 4695, the elimination of
the axial play of the threads will be done by thread inserts with screw lock. The torque for turning the
threads including locking clip has to be in accordance with the following values, see Table 4.
9.2 Torque of thread
See Table 4.
Table 4 — Torque of thread
Torque Number of cycles
Torque of thread
Nm
a
Max. Any cycle
1,0
a
Min. After 15
0,2
a
For EN 4695 the threads shall be lubricated.
One cycle equates a length adjustment of the thread of ±6,4 mm for EN 4693 and EN 4694.
For EN 4695, the length adjustment of the thread is ±3,2 mm.
10 Technical requirements
10.1 General
Unless required otherwise on the product standard or specification drawing, the characteristics of the
rod shall be in compliance with the requirements of this specification.
10.2 Check of external surfaces
10.2.1 Visual inspection
Visually inspect the rod body before surface treatment with a magnification of ×10. No folds, cracks,
burrs, inclusions or tool marks or dents are allowed on the external surface of the rod body.
10.2.2 Roughness check
Unless specified otherwise on the drawing, the roughness value to be observed for the external surface
before surface treatment is R = 3,2 max.
a
10.2.3 Dye-penetrant inspection
The external surfaces shall be checked for absence of cracks and linear defects after heat treatment and
before surface treatment by dye penetrant inspection preceded by pickling in accordance with EN 571-
1. No cracks and no linear defects are tolerated.
10.3 Cross sectional check
10.3.1 General
The following shall be made: three sections perpendicular to the rod body axis on one end in the areas
shown on Figure 13.
Key
1 Section 1
2 Section 2
3 Section 3
Figure 13 — Cross sectional check
10.3.2 Transversal sections
10.3.2.1 Check of internal surface defects
Section 1 and section 2:
— no more than 2 cracks greater than 0,15 mm or 10 % of the lowest thickness;
— no folds of depth greater than 0,4 mm or 10 % of the lowest thickness.
Section 3:
— no defects can be accepted.
10.3.2.2 Check of defects on external surfaces
Section 1 and Section 2:
— no cracks are allowed;
— no more than four folds with a depth of 0,2 mm or 10 % of the lowest thickness for rod bodies with
a d / D;
— ratio ≤ 0,67;
— no more than two folds of 0,15 mm deep or 10 % of the lowest thickness for rod bodies with
a d / D > 0,67.
Section 3:
— no defects can be accepted.
10.3.3 Longitudinal sections
10.3.3.1 Grain flow inspection
In all cases, grain flow shall be continuous inside the volume of the rod. For single-piece rods, the series
production manufacturing process shall reproduce the grain flow on the rods used for qualification, in
particular, at level of the clevises.
10.3.3.2 Grain size check
The semi-finished products (tubes) used to manufacture rods shall have a grain size, checked on
sections, with an index greater than or equal to 4 according to ASTM E112.
10.3.3.3 Checking of threads
The threads, when they are an integral part of the rod body, shall be obtained by plastic deformation
and shall have a grain flow comparable with that of threads obtained by rolling and be in compliance
with ISO 5855-1 and ISO 5855-2.
10.4 Dimensional check
10.4.1 Check of general rod design
The general design of the rod shall be in compliance with the definition and product standard or
specification drawings.
10.4.2 Check of rod geometrical characteristics
The geometry of the rod shall be in compliance with the definition and product standard or
specification drawings. A complete dimensions measurement of the rods shall be recorded before they
are subjected to qualification tests.
10.4.3 Check of rod straightness
The straightness deviations shall not exceed the values given in Table 5.
Table 5 — Rod straightness
Straightness tolerances (measured over 360°)
Vee-block spacing
Rod body with two added rod ends
mm
Less than 499 0,30 D + 0,02 D
500 to 1 200 0,50 D + 0,02 D
D: nominal external diameter of the central cylindrical section of the rod body.
10.4.4 Rod with two added rod ends
Mandrels shall be screwed into the rod body and supported on vee-blocks located at least 20 mm from
the ends of the body, see Figure 14.
The measurements shall be made by turning the rod body and the section with highest radial deviation
found by means of a dial gauge.
The values recorded during these measurements shall not exceed the values given in Table 5.
Key
1 Vee-block
2 Mandrel
Figure 14 — Straightness test
10.4.5 Check of end eccentricity
The values recorded during these measurements shall meet the following criteria:
𝑒𝑒 − 𝑒𝑒 𝐸𝐸
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚. 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚.
≤ 0,2 and ≤ 0,015
𝑒𝑒 𝐷𝐷
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚.
Figure 15 — Eccentricity
10.5 Static load test of rod assembly
10.5.1 Tensile resistant
The rod equipped with its inserts is subjected to axial tension equal to 80 % of the limit load indicated
on this specification. No permanent elongation shall be noticed after the test. If permanent elongation is
observed, the rod batch and the insert batch shall be 100 % tested or the batch shall be scrapped. All
permanent elongated rods and inserts have to be scrapped. The static load test shall be performed on
one rod each acceptance test per delivery batch.
10.5.2 Compression resistant
The rod equipped with its inserts is subjected to compression equal to 80 % of the limit load indicated
on this specification. No permanent deformation shall be noticed after the test. If permanent
deformation is observed, the rod and the insert shall be scrapped. The static load test shall be
performed on one rod of each acceptance test per delivery batch.
10.6 Check of mass
The mass of each rod has to be in accordance with the product standard.
10.7 Check of paint thickness
The thickness of primer and finish of each rod has to be in accordance with the product standard. The
thickness has to be measured using suitable devices. It is obtained by five measurements on each rod.
10.8 Tensile test
10.8.1 Check of limit tensile load
The load shall be applied continuously and progressively up to the value corresponding to the limit load
indicated on this specification. This load shall be held for at least 5 s, after removal of this load no
permanent elongation greater than 0,2 % shall be observed (elastic range). Reminder: the limit load is
the maximum load which may occur once in the life of an aircraft.
10.8.2 Check of the ultimate tensile load
The test is repeated and the load increased up to the ultimate load. This load shall be held for at least 5 s
without failure. Reminder: the ultimate load is equal to 1,5 times the limit load ("1,5": safety factor
specified in prevailing regulations), except for specific cases.
10.8.3 Check of tensile strength
After applying ultimate load the test is continued up to rod failure. The failure load is recorded on the
inspection report.
10.9 Compression tests
The loads applied during these tests shall be in compliance with this specification. Three types of tests
are to be conducted.
10.9.1 Check of limit compression load
The load shall be applied continuously and progressively up to the value corresponding to the limit load
indicated on this specification. This load shall be held for at least 5 s, no permanent deformation greater
than the straightness deviation shall be observed. The straightness and concentricity values shall be
recorded before and after the test on the inspection report.
10.9.2 Check of ultimate compression load
The test is continued and the load increased up to the ultimate compression load. This load shall be held
for at least 5 s without failure.
10.9.3 Check of buckling strength
The test is continued up to rod buckling failure. The buckling load is recorded on the inspection report.
The actual dimensions of the rods shall be recorded before they are subjected to a compression test. For
adjustable rod ends, the length to be used for the compression tests in the nominal dimensions defined
in the product standards.
10.10 Break away torque test plastic insert
The break away torque of the glued thread (M18 × 1,5) of the plastic insert has to be tested. The break
away torque shall be higher than 10 Nm.
10.11 Corrosion test
Salt spray test per EN ISO 9227 spray time 192 h.
10.12 Fire worthiness requirements
Fire worthiness requirements for the pressurized fuselage according FAR/JAR/CS 25.853.
10.13 Environmental conditions
10.13.1 Requirements
The specimens shall be qualified, according to RTCA-DO 160E – Section 11 – Category F, using only the
fluids as per Table 6.
10.13.2 Purpose of the test
These tests determine whether the materials used in the Tie rods can withstand the deleterious effects
of fluid contaminants. This test shall be performed in accordance with RTCA-DO 160E – Section 11 –
Category F – Immersion Test. Additional fluids susceptibility tests shall only be performed when the
items will be installed in areas where these fluids contamination could be commonly encountered.
Therefore the fluids for tests in this qualification procedure shall be:
Table 6 — Contaminating with fluid test
Class of contaminating fluid Test fluid Fluid temperature
Fuel Aviation Jet A1 40 °C
Phosphate Ester-Based
Hydraulic fluid (Synthetic) 70 °C
Type IV E.g. Skydrol 500B-4
Mineral-Based E.g. Shell Helix Super 70 °C
Lubricating Oils Ester-Based
Aeroshell Turbine Oil 500 150 °C
(Synthetic) E.g.
De-Icing fluid Ethylene Glycol E.g. Aeroshell Compound 07 50 °C
Solvents and cleaning
Denatured Alcohol 23 °C
Solvents and cleaning
fluids
Temperature for cleaning fluids after superseding RTCA-DO 160E. At the end of 24 h, remove the test specimen,
place in an appropriate chamber and subject them to a constant temperature of 65 °C for minimum of 160 h.
10.13.3 Test procedure
Immerse the tie rods in the appropriate fluid for a minimum of 24 h. The fluid temperature shall be
maintained at the temperature shown in Table 6 and shall cover the test specimen completely. At the
end of this period, the test specimen shall be returned to room temperature. The selection for the test
type code takes place in coordination between manufacturer and customer in the QTP. After conclusion
of the full fluid susceptibility test, the specimens shall be statically tested to 100 % ultimate load in
tension and compression direction in accordance with the test procedure.
10.13.4 Conclusion
The test specimen shall have no visible damage after the fluid susceptibility test and shall pass the
ultimate load test.
10.14 Marking
In accordance with relevant product standard per EN 2424 style A.
11 Qualification
11.1 Approval of manufacturers
The manufacturer's quality system shall be conforming to EN ISO 9001, EN 9100, or equivalent. The
purpose of these procedures is to ensure, that a manufacturer has a quality system and the capability
for continuous manufacture and release of parts complying with the specified quality requirements. The
granting of an approval of the manufacturer is a function of the Certification Authorities, or their
appointed representative as primary contact.
11.2 Responsibility for inspection
Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchase order, the supplier is responsible for the
completion of all inspection requirements as specified in this specification. The supplier may use his
own or other approved facilities and inspection methods to achieve satisfactorily the inspection
requirements as covered by this specification. The customer reserves the right to perform counter-
acceptance tests to ensure performance attains the required characteristics.
11.3 Classification of inspection
Inspection and testing standard parts are classified as follows:
— Qualification test (11.4);
— First article inspection (11.5);
— Conformance/Acceptance test (11.6).
11.4 Qualification test
All product qualification activities shall be carried out in accordance with a Qualification Test Program
prepared by the manufacturer and approved by the customer based on the EN 9133.
The satisfactory results of all tests, collected in a referenced Qualification Test Report, are the basis of
qualification for delivery to the customer.
The Qualification Test Report shall be carried out by the manufacturer's quality assurance department
on a sample of parts that have been selected from a representative manufacturing batch. Similar parts
may be used as a basis for qualification testing, and results formulated by analogy may be used
providing prior agreement has been reached between the customer and the manufacturer. The nature
and extent of further qualification tests have to be agreed upon separately between manufacturer and
customer. The qualification procedure shall be accompanied by a mandated body who has to sign the
QTP and QTR.
11.5 First article inspection
The manufacturer shall conduct a first article inspection on all initially manufactured parts,
components, sub-assemblies and assemblies, as well as on the first complete manufacturing batch in
accordance with accepted production practices and procedures. The vendor shall record the results of
each first article inspection in an agreed report. The first components supplied to the customer shall be
accompanied by a valid set of documentation and the first article inspection report. The vendor shall be
informed in writing by the customer of any discrepancies that withhold approval.
11.6 Conformance/Acceptance test
Unless otherwise specified, acceptance tests for each part shall be carried out by the manufacturer. The
purpose of the acceptance test is to ensure conformity with specified requirements using approved
testing methods. In cases where a manufacturer is not able to carry out the required tests due to the
lack of suitable facilities or installations, they shall be carried out by suitable test facilities agreed by the
customer or approved by national authorities. The quantity of samples can be adjusted to respective
production situation via inspection plan specification, i.e. at the discretion of the quality assurance
management. This is based on continuous production monitoring according to the rules of statistical
quality assurance. Changes to the acceptance test shall only be with written approval with the customer.
Each delivery shall be accompanied by conformance test results and certified as defined in A.1.
12 Condition on delivery
12.1 Packaging
The standard parts shall be protected against humidity, corrosion, impact, contamination and other
negative influences by suitable approved materials, so that no damage or deterioration will occur under
normal transport and storage conditions. The packaging materials used shall conform with national
health and safety requirements and shall not affect the appearance or quality of the packaged items.
This responsibility shall lie with the vendor.
12.2 Marking of packages
All packages shall be permanently and legibly marked with the following EN 2424:
— the full standard part designation;
— manufacturer's name and address;
— order or purchase number;
— production lot number;
— gross weight.
12.3 Unit and transport packages
The products shall be packed in unit or transport packages that comply with the customers'
requirements.
13 Material
13.1 Requirement
In accordance with the product standard or design documentation.
13.2 Inspections and test method
Chemical analysis or certificate 3.1 according to EN 10204 issued by the semi-finished product
manufacturer.
For material PPS polyphenylensulfid, see Table 7.
Table 7 — Material PPS polyphenylensulfid
Test conditions
No. Properties Test methods Requirements Units and supplementary
instructions
Mechanical properties
1 Tensile stre
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.
Loading comments...