EN ISO 18279:2023
(Main)Brazing - Imperfections in brazed joints (ISO 18279:2023)
Brazing - Imperfections in brazed joints (ISO 18279:2023)
This document details a classification of imperfections that can occur in brazing joints. In addition, guidance is provided on quality levels and suggested limits for imperfections are detailed.
For requirements not covered by this document, reference can be made to other sources, such as statutory regulations, codes of practice and technical delivery conditions.
No information is given on how imperfections are to be assessed in individual cases because this depends on the requirements for the particular brazed joint. These imperfections are not always detectable by the use of non-destructive testing alone.
This document covers only imperfections that can occur in connection with brazing without the effect of any additional service loads. Only the type, shape and position of such imperfections are covered; no indication is given of the conditions of occurrence or causes.
For requirements for brazed joints which are relevant and essential to the particular function of the component, reference can be made to the relevant documentation, for example manufacturing documents or procedure sheets.
It is important that these requirements be precisely prescribed and that conformity with them be verifiable. Conformity can be established by testing either the brazed assembly itself or a test piece produced under comparable conditions.
This document does not specify requirements for acceptance levels for imperfections, since these will differ very markedly depending on the application, but it does suggest some quality levels which can be of value in the absence of more detailed information.
Hartlöten - Unregelmäßigkeiten in hartgelöteten Verbindungen (ISO 18279:2023)
In diesem Dokument ist eine detaillierte Einteilung von Unregelmäßigkeiten zusammengestellt, die in hartgelöteten Verbindungen auftreten können. Ergänzend wird eine Anleitung für Bewertungsgruppen gegeben und es werden konkrete Bewertungskriterien für Unregelmäßigkeiten vorgeschlagen.
Werden gegebene Anforderungen nicht durch dieses Dokument abgedeckt, können andere Quellen herangezogen werden, wie z. B. gesetzliche Bestimmungen, anerkannte Regeln der Technik oder technische Lieferbedingungen.
Es wird nichts darüber ausgesagt, wie die Unregelmäßigkeiten im Einzelfall zu beurteilen sind, da dies von den jeweiligen Anforderungen an die hartgelötete Verbindung abhängt. Diese Unregelmäßigkeiten sind nicht immer ausschließlich mittels zerstörungsfreier Prüfverfahren zu ermitteln.
Dieses Dokument umfasst nur Unregelmäßigkeiten, die in Verbindung mit dem Hartlöten auftreten können, ohne Einfluss von zusätzlichen Betriebsbelastungen. Festgelegt sind Art, Form und Lage dieser Unregelmäßigkeiten; Entstehungsbedingungen und Entstehungsursachen sind nicht angegeben.
Werden an eine hartgelötete Verbindung Anforderungen gestellt, die für die spezielle Funktion eines Bauteiles erforderlich und unverzichtbar sind, kann auf die relevanten Unterlagen verwiesen werden, z. B. Konstruktions- oder Arbeitsunterlagen.
Es ist notwendig, dass diese Anforderungen präzise beschrieben werden und dass ihre Einhaltung nachweisbar ist. Der Nachweis kann an der hartgelöteten Baugruppe oder einem Prüfstück, das unter vergleichbaren Bedingungen hergestellt wurde, erbracht werden.
Dieses Dokument legt keine Anforderungen für die Zulässigkeitsbereiche für Unregelmäßigkeiten fest, da diese sich, abhängig von der Anwendung, deutlich unterscheiden werden. Jedoch werden einige Bewertungsgruppen vorgeschlagen, die wertvoll sein können, wenn detailliertere Angaben nicht verfügbar sind.
Für die Zwecke dieses Dokumentes werden die Bereiche einer hartgelöteten Baugruppe wie in Bild 1 schematisch dargestellt bezeichnet.
Brasage fort - Défauts dans les assemblages réalisés par brasage fort (ISO 18279:2023)
Le présent document décrit en détail une classification des défauts qui peuvent apparaître dans les assemblages réalisés par brasage fort. De plus, elle constitue un guide sur les niveaux de qualité et décrit en détail les limites suggérées pour les défauts.
Pour les exigences qui ne sont pas couvertes par le présent document, il peut être fait référence à d’autres sources, telles que des règlements officiels, des codes de bonne pratique et des conditions techniques de livraison.
Aucune information n’est fournie sur la manière dont les défauts sont à évaluer dans chaque cas, car cette évaluation dépend des exigences relatives à l’assemblage réalisé par brasage fort en question. Ces défauts ne sont pas toujours détectables en utilisant seulement des essais non destructifs.
Le présent document ne traite que des défauts liés au brasage fort, et non pas à des charges supplémentaires de service. Seuls le type, la forme et la position de tels défauts sont traités; aucune indication sur les conditions ou les causes d’apparition n’est fournie.
Pour les exigences relatives aux assemblages réalisés par brasage fort qui revêtent un intérêt particulier et qui sont essentiels pour le fonctionnement de la pièce, il peut être fait référence à la documentation correspondante, par exemple aux documents de fabrication ou aux procédures.
Il est important que ces exigences soient indiquées précisément et que la conformité à ces exigences soit vérifiable. La conformité peut être établie en soumettant à l’essai soit l’élément brasé lui -même, soit une pièce d’essai produite dans des conditions comparables. Il convient que les exigences soient établies et intégralement reportées dans des documents avant que toute classification soit entreprise.
Le présent document ne spécifie pas d’exigences relatives aux niveaux d’acceptation des défauts car ceux-ci diffèrent largement selon l’application, mais elle propose des niveaux de qualité qui peuvent être utiles s’il n’existe pas d’informations plus détaillées.
Trdo spajkanje - Nepravilnosti v trdo spajkanih spojih (ISO 18279:2023)
Ta dokument določa klasifikacijo nepravilnosti, ki se lahko pojavijo v trdo spajkanih spojih. Poleg tega so podane smernice o stopnjah kakovosti in priporočene meje za nepravilnosti.
Za zahteve, ki jih ne zajema ta dokument, je lahko dodano sklicevanje na druge vire, kot so zakonski predpisi, kodeks ravnanja in tehnični dobavni pogoji.
Informacije o načinu ocenjevanja v posameznih primerih niso podane, ker je to odvisno od zahtev, ki veljajo za določen trdo spajkan spoj. Te nepravilnosti niso vedno zaznane, če je uporabljeno samo neporušitveno preskušanje.
Ta dokument obravnava samo nepravilnosti, ki se lahko pojavijo v zvezi s spajkanjem brez vpliva morebitnih dodatnih obratovalnih obremenitev. Zajeti so tip, oblika in mesta teh nepravilnosti, vendar pogoji in vzroki pojava niso podani.
Za zahteve za trdo spajkane spoje, ki so pomembne ali bistvene za določeno delovanje komponente, se je mogoče sklicevati na ustrezno dokumentacijo, npr. dokumente o izdelavi ali postopku.
Pomembno je, da so te zahteve natančno predpisane in da je mogoče skladnost z njimi preveriti. Skladnost je mogoče določiti s preskušanjem samega spajkanega sklopa ali preskušanca, izdelanega pod primerljivimi pogoji.
Ta dokument ne določa zahtev za ravni sprejemanja nepravilnosti, saj se
te zelo razlikujejo glede na uporabo, vseeno pa priporoča nekatere stopnje kakovosti, ki so lahko
koristne ob odsotnosti podrobnejših informacij.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2024
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 18279:2004
Trdo spajkanje - Nepravilnosti v trdo spajkanih spojih (ISO 18279:2023)
Brazing - Imperfections in brazed joints (ISO 18279:2023)
Hartlöten - Unregelmäßigkeiten in hartgelöteten Verbindungen (ISO 18279:2023)
Brasage fort - Défauts dans les assemblages réalisés par brasage fort (ISO 18279:2023)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 18279:2023
ICS:
25.160.50 Trdo in mehko lotanje Brazing and soldering
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN ISO 18279
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
November 2023
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 25.160.50 Supersedes EN ISO 18279:2003
English Version
Brazing - Imperfections in brazed joints (ISO 18279:2023)
Brasage fort - Défauts dans les assemblages réalisés Hartlöten - Unregelmäßigkeiten in hartgelöteten
par brasage fort (ISO 18279:2023) Verbindungen (ISO 18279:2023)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 10 February 2023.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 18279:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 18279:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44 "Welding
and allied processes" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 “Welding and allied
processes” the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2024, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by May 2024.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 18279:2003.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 18279:2023 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 18279:2023 without any modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 18279
Second edition
2023-11
Brazing — Imperfections in brazed
joints
Brasage fort — Défauts dans les assemblages réalisés par brasage
fort
Reference number
ISO 18279:2023(E)
ISO 18279:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
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CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO 18279:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Symbols . 3
5 Classification . 3
5.1 General . 3
5.2 External imperfections . 4
5.3 Internal imperfections . 4
Annex A (informative) Guidelines for practical evaluation of imperfections .10
Annex B (informative) Evaluation.11
Bibliography .15
iii
ISO 18279:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use
of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received
notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes,
Subcommittee SC 13, Brazing materials and processes, in collaboration with the European Committee
for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 121, Welding and allied processes, in accordance
with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 18279:2003), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— An additional quality level for brazed joint imperfections has been added in Annex B in order to
reflect the technical progress that has been achieved over the past decade as well as the need for
increased requirements regarding reliability of brazed joints for critical applications. Quality levels
have been revaluated.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards
body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html. Official
interpretations of ISO/TC 44 documents, where they exist, are available from this page:
https://committee.iso.org/sites/tc44/home/interpretation.html.
iv
ISO 18279:2023(E)
Introduction
Brazed joints usually contain imperfections of various types, some of which are detrimental in almost
every case while others can be detrimental or harmless, depending entirely on the service requirements
of the joint in question. Therefore, it is often necessary to classify the imperfections in a brazed joint
and then try to assess the significance of their effects on the behaviour of the joint in service. The
classification is relatively easy and Table 1 describes the imperfections that most commonly occur. The
assessment of significance is not easy (see also Annex A).
For welded joints, there has been extensive work carried out for many years on the significance of
imperfections in service; however, such work has not been carried out on brazed joints. Moreover,
the work on welded joints is only rarely relevant to brazed joints, mainly because of differences in
geometry and stressing. Therefore, this document cannot give definitive quality levels for brazed joints.
These can only be produced as experience is gained from industrial applications. However, Annex B
gives some suggestions for quality levels for general applications, which can be of help where detailed
information is not available. The use of quality levels can only be successful if the imperfections that
are relevant to the application of the brazed joint are determined.
v
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18279:2023(E)
Brazing — Imperfections in brazed joints
1 Scope
This document details a classification of imperfections that can occur in brazing joints. In addition,
guidance is provided on quality levels and suggested limits for imperfections are detailed.
For requirements not covered by this document, reference can be made to other sources, such as
statutory regulations, codes of practice and technical delivery conditions.
No information is given on how imperfections are to be assessed in individual cases because this
depends on the requirements for the particular brazed joint. These imperfections are not always
detectable by the use of non-destructive testing alone.
This document covers only imperfections that can occur in connection with brazing without the effect
of any additional service loads. Only the type, shape and position of such imperfections are covered; no
indication is given of the conditions of occurrence or causes.
For requirements for brazed joints which are relevant and essential to the particular function of
the component, reference can be made to the rel
...
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