CEN/TR 17603-60-10:2022

Space engineering - Control performance guidelines

This Handbook deals with control systems developed as part of a space project. It is applicable to all the elements of a space system, including the space segment, the ground segment and the launch service segment. It addresses the issue of control performance, in terms of definition, specification, verification and validation methods and processes. The handbook establishes a general framework for handling performance indicators, which applies to all disciplines involving control engineering, and which can be declined as well at different levels ranging from equipment to system level. It also focuses on the specific performance indicators applicable to the case of closed-loop control systems. Rules and guidelines are provided allowing to combine different error sources in order to build up a performance budget and to assess the compliance with a requirement. This version of the handbook does not cover control performance issues in the frame of launch systems.

Raumfahrttechnik - Richtlinien für Leistung von Regelung/Steuerung

Ingénierie spatiale - Lignes directrices des performances du contrôle

Vesoljska tehnika - Smernice za nadzor delovanja

Ta priročnik zajema nadzorne sisteme, razvite kot del vesoljskega projekta. Uporablja se za vse elemente vesoljskega sistema, vključno z vesoljskim delom, zemeljskim delom in lansirnimi storitvami. Obravnava nadzor delovanja v smislu opredelitve, določanja, preverjanja ter potrjevanja metod in postopkov. Priročnik vzpostavlja splošen okvir za obravnavanje kazalnikov uspešnosti, ki se uporablja za vse discipline, povezane s krmilnim inženiringom, in ki ga je mogoče zavrniti na različnih ravneh, od opreme do sistemov. Osredotoča se tudi na posebne kazalnike zmogljivosti, ki se uporabljajo v primeru krmilnih sistemov z zaprto zanko. Pravila in smernice so na voljo za kombiniranje različnih virov napak za namene priprave proračuna uspešnosti in ocenjevanja skladnosti z zahtevo. Ta različica priročnika ne zajema vprašanj nadzora delovanja v okviru sistemov za zagon.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 11-Jan-2022
• ICS: 49.140 - Space systems and operations
• Technical Committee: CEN/CLC/TC 5 - Space
• Drafting Committee: CEN/CLC/TC 5/WG 6 - Upstream standards
• Current Stage: 6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
• Start Date: 12-Jan-2022
• Due Date: 29-Dec-2022
• Completion Date: 12-Jan-2022
• Mandate: M/496 - Mandate addressed to CEN, CENELEC and ETSI to develop standardisation regarding space industry (Phase 3 of the process)
• Ref Project: SIST-TP CEN/TR 17603-60-10:2022 - Space engineering - Control performance guidelines

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2022
Vesoljska tehnika - Smernice za nadzor delovanja
Space engineering - Control performance guidelines
Raumfahrttechnik - Richtlinien für Leistung von Regelung/Steuerung
Ingénierie spatiale - Lignes directrices des performances du contrôle
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 17603-60-10:2022
ICS:
49.140 Vesoljski sistemi in operacije Space systems and
operations
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

TECHNICAL REPORT CEN/TR 17603-60-10

RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
January 2022
ICS 49.140
English version
Space engineering - Control performance guidelines
Ingénierie spatiale - Lignes directrices des Raumfahrttechnik - Richtlinien für Leistung von
performances du contrôle Regelung/Steuerung

This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 29 November 2021. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/CLC/JTC 5.
CEN and CENELEC members are the national standards bodies and national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN/CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means
Ref. No. CEN/TR 17603-60-10:2022 E
reserved worldwide for CEN national Members and for
CENELEC Members.
Table of contents
European Foreword . 7
Introduction . 8
1 Scope . 10
2 References . 11
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 12
3.1 Terms from other documents . 12
3.2 Terms specific to the present handbook . 12
3.3 Abbreviated terms. 16
4 General outline for control performance process . 18
4.1 The general control structure . 18
4.1.1 Description of the general control structure – Extension to system
level . 18
4.1.2 General performance definitions . 19
4.1.3 Example – Earth observation satellite . 20
4.2 Review of generic performance specification elements . 21
4.2.1 General . 21
4.2.2 Preliminary remark on intrinsic and extrinsic performance properties . 21
4.2.3 Examples of high-level performance requirements . 23
4.2.4 Formalising requirements through performance indicators . 25
4.3 Overview on performance specification and verification process . 27
4.3.1 Introduction . 27
4.3.2 Requirements capture & dissemination . 28
4.3.3 Performance verification. 29
4.3.4 Control performance engineering tasks during development phases . 31
5 Extrinsic performance – error indices and analysis methods . 38
5.1 Introduction . 38
5.2 Performance and measurement error indices . 38
5.2.1 Definition of error function . 38
5.2.2 Definition of error indices. 39
5.2.3 Common performance error indices . 39
5.2.4 Common knowledge error indices . 41
5.3 Formulation of performance requirements using error indices. 42
5.3.1 Structure of a requirement . 42
5.3.2 Choice of error function . 42
5.3.3 Use of error indices . 43
5.3.4 Statistical interpretation of a requirement . 43
5.3.5 Formulation of Knowledge Requirements . 46
5.4 Assessing compliance with a performance requirement . 46
5.4.1 Overview . 46
5.4.2 Experimental approach . 47
5.4.3 Numerical simulations . 47
5.4.4 Use of an error budget . 49
5.5 Performance error budgeting . 50
5.5.1 Overview . 50
5.5.2 Identifying errors . 50
5.5.3 Statistics of contributing terms . 51
5.5.4 Combination of error terms . 52
5.5.5 Comparison with requirements . 53
5.5.6 Practical use of a budget (Synthesis) . 53
6 Intrinsic performance indicators for closed-loop controlled systems. 56
6.1 Overview . 56
6.2 Closed-loop controlled systems . 57
6.2.1 General closed-loop structure . 57
6.2.2 General definitions for closed-loop controlled systems . 57
6.3 Stability of a closed-loop controlled system. 59
6.4 Stability margins . 60
6.4.2 Stability margins for SISO LTI systems . 60
6.4.3 Stability margins for MIMO LTI system – S and T criteria . 62
6.4.4 Why specifying stability margins? . 64
6.5 Level of robustness of a closed-loop controlled system . 65
6.6 Time & Frequency domain behaviour of a closed-loop controlled system . 65
6.6.1 Overview . 65
6.6.2 Time domain indicators (transient) . 65
6.6.3 Frequency domain performance indicators . 67
6.7 Formulation of performance requirements for closed-loop controlled systems . 70
6.7.1 General . 70
6.7.2 Structure of a requirement . 70
6.7.3 Specification for general systems (possibly MIMO, coupled or nested
loops) . 71
6.7.4 Example of stability margins requirement . 71
6.8 Assessing compliance with performance requirements . 72
6.8.1 Guidelines for stability and stability margins verification . 72
6.8.2 Methods for (systematic) robustness assessment . 73
7 Hierarchy of control performance requirements . 74
7.1 Overview . 74
7.2 From top level requirements down to design rules . 74
7.2.1 General . 74
7.2.2 Top level requirements . 74
7.2.3 Intermediate level requirements . 75
7.2.4 Lower level requirements – Design rules . 75
7.3 The risks of counterproductive requirements . 76
7.3.1 An example of counterproductive requirement . 76
7.3.2 How to avoid counterproductive control performance requirements? . 76
Annex A LTI systems . 77
A.1 Overview . 77
A.2 General properties of LTI systems . 77
A.2.1 Simplified structure of a closed-loop controlled system . 77
A.2.2 Representation of LTI systems . 78
A.3 On stability margins of SISO and MIMO LTI systems . 80
A.3.1 Interpretation of stability margins . 80
A.3.2 Analysis of stability margins – some illustrations . 82
Annex B Appendices to clause 5: Guidelines and mathematical elements . 84
B.1 Error Indices with domains other than time . 84
B.2 Considerations regarding time intervals . 85
B.3 Relationship between error indices and physical quantities . 85
B.4 Statistics for Monte Carlo Minimum Number of Runs . 87
B.5 Determining the error PDFs . 88
B.5.1 Overview . 88
B.5.2 White noise . 88
B.5.3 Biases . 89
B.5.4 Uniform random errors . 90
B.5.5 Harmonic errors . 90
B.5.6 Drift Errors . 91
B.5.7 Transient Errors . 92
B.5.8 Others (General Analysis Methods) . 93
B.5.9 Distributions of Ensemble Parameters . 94
B.6 Mathematics of an Error Budget . 95
B.6.1 Probability distributions and the statistical interpretation . 95
B.6.2 Exact error combination methods . 96
B.6.3 Alternative approximation formulae . 97
Annex C Satellite AOCS case study . 98
C.1 Introduction . 98
C.2 Satellite AOCS architecture . 98
C.3 From Image quality to AOCS requirements. 98
C.4 Formulation of the requirements C.3a1 to C.3a4 using error indices . 101
C.4.1 General .
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