EN ISO 18135:2017
(Main)Solid Biofuels - Sampling (ISO 18135:2017)
Solid Biofuels - Sampling (ISO 18135:2017)
ISO 18135:2017 describes methods for preparing sampling plans and certificates, as well as taking samples of solid biofuels, for example, from the place where the raw materials grow, from production plant, from deliveries, e.g. lorry loads, or from stock. It includes both manual and mechanical methods, and is applicable to solid biofuels that are either:
- fine (particle sizes up to about 10 mm) and regularly shaped particulate materials that can be sampled using a scoop or pipe, for example, sawdust, olive stones and wood pellets;
- coarse or irregularly shaped particulate materials (particle sizes up to about 200 mm) that can be sampled using a fork or shovel, for example, wood chips and nut shells, forest residue chips, and straw;
- baled materials, for example, baled straw or grass;
- large pieces (particle sizes above 200 mm) that are either picked manually or automatically;
- vegetable waste, fibrous waste from virgin pulp production and from production of paper from pulp that has been dewatered;
- thermally treated and densified biomass materials;
- roundwood.
ISO 18135:2017 is not applicable to airborne dust from solid biofuels. It may be possible to use this document for other solid biofuels.
The methods described in this document may be used, for example, when the samples are to be tested for moisture content, ash content, calorific value, bulk density, durability, particle size distribution, ash melting behaviour and chemical composition.
Biogene Festbrennstoffe - Probenahme (ISO 18135:2017)
Dieses Dokument legt Verfahren zur Erstellung von Probenahmeplänen und zertifikaten sowie zur Probenahme von biogenen Festbrennstoffen, z. B. vom Ort des Vorkommens der Rohmaterialien, aus einer Produktionsanlage, aus Lieferungen, z. B. aus LKW Ladungen, oder aus einem Lager fest. Sie umfasst sowohl manuelle als auch mechanische Verfahren und gilt für biogene Festbrennstoffe, die eines der folgenden Merkmale aufweisen:
- feine (mit Partikelgrößen bis zu etwa 10 mm) und regelmäßig geformte aus Partikeln bestehende Materialien, von denen mit einer Probenahmeschaufel oder einem Rohr Proben entnommen werden können, z. B. Sägespäne, Olivensteine und Holzpellets;
- grobe oder unregelmäßig geformte aus Partikeln bestehende Materialien mit Partikelgrößen bis zu etwa 200 mm, von denen mit einer Gabel oder einer Schaufel Proben entnommen werden können, z. B.: Holzhackschnitzel und Nussschalen, Waldrestholz Hackschnitzel und Stroh;
- Materialien in Ballenform, z. B. Stroh oder Grasballen;
- große Stücke (Partikelgrößen über 200 mm), die entweder mit der Hand oder automatisch entnommen werden;
- pflanzliche Abfälle, faserige Abfälle aus der Herstellung von natürlichem Zellstoff und aus der Herstellung von Papier aus Zellstoff, die entwässert wurden;
- thermisch behandelte und gepresste Biomassematerialien;
- Rundholz.
Dieses Dokument gilt nicht für Schwebstaub von biogenen Festbrennstoffen. Möglicherweise kann dieses Dokument auch auf andere biogene Festbrennstoffe angewendet werden.
Die in diesem Dokument festgelegten Verfahren dürfen z. B. angewendet werden, wenn Proben im Hinblick auf Wasser und Aschegehalt, Energiegehalt, Schüttdichte, Festigkeit, Partikelgrößenverteilung, Ascheschmelzverhalten und chemische Zusammensetzung zu prüfen sind.
Biocarburants solides - Échantillonnage (ISO 18135:2017)
ISO 18135:2017 décrit les méthodes de préparation des plans et certificats d'échantillonnage, ainsi que les méthodes de prélèvement d'échantillons de biocombustibles solides, par exemple, depuis l'endroit où sont cultivées les matières premières, depuis l'usine de production, depuis les livraisons (par exemple les camions) ou depuis l'amoncellement. Il inclut des méthodes à la fois manuelles et mécaniques et s'applique aux biocombustibles solides pouvant être:
- des matériaux fins (dont la taille maximale des particules est d'environ 10 mm) et dont la forme des particules est régulière et qui peuvent être prélevés à l'aide d'une pelle d'échantillonnage ou d'un tube, par exemple: la sciure, les noyaux d'olives et les granulés de bois;
- des matériaux grossiers (dont la taille maximale des particules est d'environ 200 mm) ou dont la forme des particules est irrégulière et qui peuvent être prélevés à l'aide d'une fourche ou d'une pelle, par exemple: les copeaux de bois et les coquilles de noix, les rémanents forestiers et la paille;
- des matériaux en balle, par exemple: les balles de paille ou d'herbe;
- de grands morceaux (dont la taille des particules dépasse les 200 mm) ramassés manuellement ou automatiquement;
- des déchets végétaux, des déchets fibreux venant de la production de la pâte vierge et de la production de papier à partir de pâte ayant été déshydratée;
- des matériaux de biomasse traitée thermiquement et densifiée;
- du bois rond.
ISO 18135:2017 ne s'applique pas aux poussières en suspension dans l'air émises par des biocombustibles solides. Il est possible que le présent document soit applicable à d'autres biocombustibles solides.
Les méthodes décrites dans le présent document peuvent être utilisées, par exemple, lorsque les échantillons doivent être soumis à essai afin de déterminer leur taux d'humidité, leur teneur en cendres, leur pouvoir calorifique, leur masse volumique apparente, leur durabilité, leur distribution granulométrique, leur fusibilité de cendres et leur composition chimique.
Trdna biogoriva - Vzorčenje (ISO 18135:2017)
Ta mednarodni standard opisuje metode za pripravo načrtov vzorčenja in certifikatov ter odvzem vzorcev trdnih biogoriv, na primer z mesta, kjer rastejo surovine, v proizvodnem obratu, iz dobav, npr. kamionskih tovorov, ali iz zaloge. Vključuje ročne in mehanske metode ter se uporablja za naslednja trdna biogoriva: ⎯ fine (velikost delcev do približno 10 mm) in trdne snovi z delci pravilnih oblik, ki jih je mogoče vzorčiti z merico ali s cevjo, na primer: žagovina, olivne koščice in lesni peleti; ⎯ grobe ali trdne snovi z delci nepravilnih oblik (velikost delcev do približno 200 mm) ki jih je mogoče vzorčiti z vilicami ali lopato, na primer: lesni sekanci in lupine oreščkov, gozdno iverje in slama; ⎯ balirani materiali, na primer: balirana slama ali trava; ⎯ veliki kosi (velikost delcev nad 200 mm), ki so zbrani ročno ali samodejno; ⎯ rastlinski odpadki, vlaknasti odpadki pri proizvodnji primarne papirne kaše in proizvodnji papirja iz kaše, ki ji je bila odstranjena voda; ⎯ okrogel les. Ta standard se morda lahko uporablja tudi za druga trdna biogoriva. Metode, ki so opisane v tem standardu, se lahko uporabljajo, ko je na primer potrebno preskusiti vsebnost vlage, vsebnost pepela, kalorično vrednost, prostorninsko maso, trajnost, porazdelitev velikosti delcev, lastnosti pepela pri taljenju in kemično sestavo. Te metode niso namenjene za pridobivanje zelo velikih vzorcev, ki so potrebni za preskušanje premostitvenih lastnosti.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2017
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 14778:2011
7UGQDELRJRULYD9]RUþHQMH ,62
Solid Biofuels - Sampling (ISO 18135:2017)
Biogene Festbrennstoffe - Probenahme (ISO 18135:2017)
Biocarburants solides - Échantillonnage (ISO 18135:2017)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 18135:2017
ICS:
75.160.40 Biogoriva Biofuels
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN ISO 18135
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
April 2017
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 75.160.40 Supersedes EN 14778:2011
English Version
Solid Biofuels - Sampling (ISO 18135:2017)
Biocarburants solides - Échantillonnage (ISO Biogene Festbrennstoffe - Probenahme (ISO
18135:2017) 18135:2017)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 6 March 2017.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 18135:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 18135:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 238 "Solid
biofuels" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels” the secretariat of
which is held by SIS.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2017 and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by October 2017.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
This document supersedes EN 14778:2011.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CENELEC by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 18135:2017 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 18135:2017 without any modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 18135
First edition
2017-04
Solid Biofuels — Sampling
Biocarburants solides — Échantillonnage
Reference number
ISO 18135:2017(E)
©
ISO 2017
ISO 18135:2017(E)
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
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ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
ISO 18135:2017(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols . 2
5 Principle . 3
6 Establishing a sampling scheme (sampling plan) . 4
6.1 Principle . 4
6.2 Full sampling plan . 5
6.3 Brief sampling plan . 5
6.4 Division of lots . 5
7 Visual inspection . 6
8 Number of increments . 6
8.1 General . 6
8.2 Primary increment variance (V ) . 7
i
8.3 Preparation and testing variance (V ) . 8
PT
8.4 Overall precision (P ) . 8
L
8.5 Calculation of number of increments per (sub-) lot . 8
9 Calculation of the size of increment .10
10 Combined sample — Calculation of the volume of the combined sample .10
11 Sampling equipment .11
11.1 General .11
11.2 Equipment for manual sampling .11
11.2.1 Sampling box for falling-stream .11
11.2.2 Scoops .12
11.2.3 Shovels .13
11.2.4 Forks .14
11.2.5 Grabs .15
11.2.6 Probes (thieves).16
11.2.7 Pipes (spears) .16
11.2.8 Frames .17
11.2.9 Hooks .17
11.2.10 Drills (augers) .18
11.3 Equipment for mechanical sampling .19
11.3.1 Use of coal sampling standards and checking for bias .19
11.3.2 Falling-stream sampler .19
11.3.3 Cross-belt sampler .20
11.3.4 Mechanical probes . . .21
11.3.5 Mechanical drills .21
12 Sampling in practice .21
12.1 General .21
12.2 Methods for sampling stationary material .22
12.2.1 Sampling from small packages (<50 kg) .22
12.2.2 Sampling from containers, lorries and wagons .22
12.2.3 Sampling from stockpiles .23
12.2.4 Sampling from ships and barges .24
12.2.5 Sampling from bales .25
12.3 Methods for sampling moving material .25
...
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