Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures - Part 1-1: General structural rules

EN 1999 applies to the design of buildings and civil engineering and structural works made of aluminium. It complies with the principles and requirements for the safety and serviceability of structures, the basis of their design and verification that are given in EN 1990 – Basis of structural design.
EN 1999 is only concerned with requirements for resistance, serviceability, durability and fire resistance of aluminium structures. Other requirements, e.g. concerning thermal or sound insulation, are not considered.
EN 1999 is intended to be used in conjunction with:
—   EN 1990 Basis of structural design
—   EN 1991 Actions on structures
—   European Standards for construction products relevant for aluminium structures
—   EN 1090-1: Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures – Part 1: Requirements for conformity assessment of structural components
—   EN 1090-3: Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures – Part 3: Technical requirements for aluminium structures.
EN 1999-1-1 gives basic design rules for structures made of wrought aluminium alloys and limited guidance for cast alloys.
The following limits are recommended – if not otherwise explicitly stated in this standard:
   components with material thickness not less than 0,6 mm;
   welded components with material thickness not less than 1,5 mm;
   connections with:
—   steel bolts and pins with diameter not less than 5 mm;
—   aluminium bolts and pins with diameter not less than 8 mm;
—   rivets and thread forming screws with diameter not less than 3,9 mm

Eurocode 9: Bemessung und Konstruktion von Aluminiumtragwerken - Teil 1-1: Allgemeine Bemessungsregeln

1.1   Anwendungsbereich von EN 1999 1 1
(1) Dieses Dokument enthält grundlegende Bemessungsregeln für Tragwerke aus Aluminiumknetlegierungen und eingeschränkte Hinweise für Gusslegierungen (siehe Abschnitt 5 und Anhang C).
Dieses Dokument behandelt keines der folgenden Themen, sofern in dieser Norm nicht ausdrücklich etwas anderes angegeben ist:
-   Bauteile mit einer Werkstoffdicke kleiner als 0,6 mm;
-   geschweißte Bauteile mit einer Werkstoffdicke kleiner als 1,5 mm;
-   Verbindungen mit:
-   Stahlschrauben und Stahlbolzen mit einem Durchmesser kleiner als 5 mm;
-   Aluminiumschrauben und Aluminiumbolzen mit einem Durchmesser kleiner als 8 mm;
-   Niete und gewindeformende Schrauben mit einem Durchmesser kleiner als 3,9 mm.
1.2   Annahmen
(1) Zusätzlich zu den allgemeinen Annahmen von EN 1990 gelten die folgenden Annahmen:
-   die Ausführung entspricht EN 1090 3;
-   die Aluminiumerzeugnisse entsprechen EN 573 und den in 2.3 aufgelisteten Erzeugnissen;
-   die mechanischen Eigenschaften entsprechen den Tabellenwerten von Teil 2 der in 2.3 aufgeführten Produktnormen.
(2) EN 1999 gilt in Verbindung mit folgenden Regelwerken:
-   Europäische Normen für Bauprodukte, die auf Aluminiumtragwerke zutreffen;
-   EN 1090 1, Ausführung von Stahltragwerken und Aluminiumtragwerken — Teil 1: Bewertung und Überprüfung der Leistungsbeständigkeit für tragende Bauteile aus Stahl und Aluminium;
-   EN 1090 3, Ausführung von Stahltragwerken und Aluminiumtragwerken — Teil 3: Technische Regeln für die Ausführung von Aluminiumtragwerken.

Eurocode 9: Calcul des structures en aluminium - Partie 1-1: Règles générales

1.1   Domaine d'application de l'EN 1999-1-1
(1) Le présent document donne les règles fondamentales de calcul des structures en alliage d'aluminium de corroyage et des recommandations limitées pour les alliages de fonderie (voir Article 5 et Annexe C).
Le présent document ne couvre pas les aspects suivants, sauf indication contraire explicitement donnée dans la présente norme :
-   composants d'épaisseur inférieure à 0,6 mm ;
-   composants soudés d'épaisseur inférieure à 1,5 mm ;
-   liaisons à l'aide de :
-   boulons et goupilles en acier de diamètre inférieur à 5 mm ;
-   boulons et axes en aluminium de diamètre inférieur à 8 mm ;
-   rivets et vis taraudeuses de diamètre inférieur à 3,9 mm.
1.2   Hypothèses
(1) Outre les hypothèses générales définies dans l'EN 1990, les hypothèses suivantes s'appliquent :
-   l'exécution est conforme à l'EN 1090-3 ;
-   les produits en aluminium sont conformes à l'EN 573 et aux produits énoncés au 2.3 ;
-   les caractéristiques mécaniques sont conformes aux valeurs indiquées dans les tableaux de la partie 2 des normes de produit énoncées au 2.3.
(2) L'EN 1999 est destinée à être utilisée avec :
-   les Normes européennes pour les produits de construction appropriés aux structures en aluminium ;
-   l'EN 1090-1, Exécution des structures en acier et des structures en aluminium — Partie 1 : Exigences pour l'évaluation de la conformité des éléments structuraux ;
-   l'EN 1090-3, Exécution des structures en acier et des structures en aluminium — Partie 3 : Exigences techniques pour l'exécution des structures en aluminium.

Evrokod 9: Projektiranje konstrukcij iz aluminijevih zlitin - 1-1. del: Splošna pravila za konstrukcije

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SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 1999-1-1:2021
01-maj-2021

Evrokod 9: Projektiranje konstrukcij iz aluminijevih zlitin - 1-1. del: Splošna pravila

za konstrukcije
Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures - Part 1-1: General structural rules
Eurocode 9: Bemessung und Konstruktion von Aluminiumtragwerken - Teil 1-1:
Allgemeine Bemessungsregeln
Eurocode 9: Calcul des structures en aluminium - Partie 1-1: Règles générales
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 1999-1-1
ICS:
91.010.30 Tehnični vidiki Technical aspects
91.080.17 Aluminijaste konstrukcije Aluminium structures
oSIST prEN 1999-1-1:2021 en,fr,de

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN 1999-1-1:2021
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oSIST prEN 1999-1-1:2021
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 1999-1-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2021
ICS 91.010.30; 91.080.17 Will supersede EN 1999-1-1:2007
English Version
Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures - Part 1-1:
General structural rules

Eurocode 9: Calcul des structures en aluminium - Eurocode 9: Bemessung und Konstruktion von

Partie 1-1: Règles générales Aluminiumtragwerken - Teil 1-1: Allgemeine
Bemessungsregeln

This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee

CEN/TC 250.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations

which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other

language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC

Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,

Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,

Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and

United Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are

aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without

notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels

© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 1999-1-1:2021 E

worldwide for CEN national Members.
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prEN 1999-1-1:2021 (E)
Contents Page

1 Scope ......................................................................................................................................................13

1.1 Scope of EN 1999-1-1 .......................................................................................................................13

1.2 Assumptions .......................................................................................................................................13

2 Normative references ......................................................................................................................14

3 Terms, definitions and symbols ..................................................................................................14

3.1 Terms and definitions .....................................................................................................................14

3.2 Symbols ................................................................................................................................................16

3.3 Conventions for member axes ......................................................................................................32

4 Basis of design ....................................................................................................................................34

4.1 General rules ......................................................................................................................................34

Basic requirements ..........................................................................................................................34

Structural reliability ........................................................................................................................34

Design service life, durability and robustness .......................................................................34

4.2 Principles of limit state design .....................................................................................................34

4.3 Basic variables ...................................................................................................................................35

Actions and environmental influences .....................................................................................35

Material and product properties .................................................................................................35

4.4 Verification by the partial factor method ................................................................................35

Design value of material properties ..........................................................................................35

Design value of geometrical data ................................................................................................35

Design resistances ............................................................................................................................35

4.5 Design assisted by testing ..............................................................................................................36

4.6 Execution requirements .................................................................................................................36

5 Materials ..............................................................................................................................................36

5.1 General..................................................................................................................................................36

5.2 Structural aluminium ......................................................................................................................37

Range of materials ............................................................................................................................37

Material properties for wrought aluminium alloys .............................................................39

Material properties for cast aluminium alloys ......................................................................46

Dimensions, mass and tolerances ...............................................................................................47

Design values of material constants ..........................................................................................47

5.3 Connecting devices ...........................................................................................................................48

General..................................................................................................................................................48

Bolts, nuts, washers and self-tapping and self-drilling screws ........................................48

Rivets .....................................................................................................................................................50

Welding consumables .....................................................................................................................50

Adhesives .............................................................................................................................................51

6 Durability .............................................................................................................................................51

7 Structural analysis ............................................................................................................................52

7.1 Structural modelling for analysis ...............................................................................................52

Structural modelling and basic assumptions .........................................................................52

Joint modelling...................................................................................................................................52

Ground-structure interaction.......................................................................................................52

7.2 Global analysis ...................................................................................................................................52

Effects of deformed geometry of the structure ......................................................................52

Structural stability of frames ........................................................................................................53

7.3 Imperfections .....................................................................................................................................54

General..................................................................................................................................................54

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Imperfections for global analysis of frames............................................................................ 54

Imperfection for analysis of bracing systems ........................................................................ 60

Member imperfections ................................................................................................................... 62

7.4 Methods of analysis .......................................................................................................................... 63

General ................................................................................................................................................. 63

Elastic global analysis ..................................................................................................................... 63

Plastic global analysis ..................................................................................................................... 63

8 Ultimate limit states for members.............................................................................................. 65

8.1 Basis....................................................................................................................................................... 65

General ................................................................................................................................................. 65

Characteristic value of strength .................................................................................................. 65

Partial factors ..................................................................................................................................... 65

Classification of cross-sections .................................................................................................... 65

Local buckling resistance in class 4 members ....................................................................... 73

HAZ softening adjacent to welds ................................................................................................. 74

8.2 Resistance of cross-sections ......................................................................................................... 77

General ................................................................................................................................................. 77

Section properties ............................................................................................................................ 78

Tension ................................................................................................................................................. 80

Compression ....................................................................................................................................... 80

Bending moment ............................................................................................................................... 81

Shear ...................................................................................................................................................... 84

Torsion ................................................................................................................................................. 85

Bending and shear ............................................................................................................................ 86

Bending and axial force .................................................................................................................. 87

Bending, shear and axial force ..................................................................................................... 87

Web bearing........................................................................................................................................ 88

8.3 Buckling resistance of members ................................................................................................. 88

Members in compression............................................................................................................... 88

Members in bending ........................................................................................................................ 94

Members in bending and axial compression .......................................................................... 98

8.4 Simplified analysis of resistance .............................................................................................. 103

8.5 Uniform built-up members ........................................................................................................ 104

General .............................................................................................................................................. 104

Laced compression members .................................................................................................... 106

Battened compression members ............................................................................................. 108

Closely spaced built-up members ............................................................................................ 109

8.6 Un-stiffened plates under in-plane loading ......................................................................... 110

General .............................................................................................................................................. 110

Resistance under uniform compression N ...................................................................... 111

Resistance under in-plane moment ........................................................................................ 112

Resistance under transverse or longitudinal stress gradient ....................................... 113

Shear resistance ............................................................................................................................. 113

Resistance under out-of-plane loading .................................................................................. 114

Resistance under combined action ......................................................................................... 115

8.7 Stiffened plates under in-plane loading ................................................................................ 116

General .............................................................................................................................................. 116

Stiffened plates under uniform compression ...................................................................... 117

Stiffened plates under in-plane moment .............................................................................. 119

Longitudinal stress gradient on multi-stiffened plates ................................................... 120

Multi-stiffened plating in shear ................................................................................................ 120

Buckling load for orthotropic plates ...................................................................................... 121

Out-of-plane loading ..................................................................................................................... 123

Resistance under combined loading....................................................................................... 125

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8.8 Plate girders..................................................................................................................................... 126

General............................................................................................................................................... 126

Resistance of plate girders under in-plane bending ......................................................... 127

Plate girders with longitudinal web stiffeners ................................................................... 128

Shear resistance ............................................................................................................................. 130

Resistance to transverse loads.................................................................................................. 135

Interaction ........................................................................................................................................ 139

Flange induced buckling ............................................................................................................. 140

Web stiffeners ................................................................................................................................. 141

8.9 Members with corrugated webs ............................................................................................... 142

General............................................................................................................................................... 142

Bending moment resistance ...................................................................................................... 143

Shear force resistance .................................................................................................................. 143

9 Serviceability limit states ........................................................................................................... 145

9.1 General............................................................................................................................................... 145

9.2 Serviceability limit states for buildings ................................................................................. 145

Deflections ........................................................................................................................................ 145

Dynamic effects ............................................................................................................................... 145

10 Design of joints ............................................................................................................................... 146

10.1 Basis of design ................................................................................................................................. 146

Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 146

Applied forces and moments ..................................................................................................... 146

Resistance of joints ........................................................................................................................ 146

Design assumptions ...................................................................................................................... 147

Fabrication and execution .......................................................................................................... 147

10.2 Intersections for bolted, riveted and welded joints .......................................................... 147

10.3 Joints loaded in shear subject to impact, vibration and/or load reversal ................ 148

10.4 Classification of joints .................................................................................................................. 148

10.5 Connections made with bolts, rivets and pins ..................................................................... 148

Positioning of holes for bolts and rivets ................................................................................ 148

Deductions for fastener holes ................................................................................................... 151

Categories of bolted connections ............................................................................................. 153

Design resistances of bolts ......................................................................................................... 156

Design resistance of rivets .......................................................................................................... 158

Countersunk bolts and rivets .................................................................................................... 159

Self-tapping and self-drilling screws and blind rivets ...................................................... 159

Bolts in slip-resistant connections .......................................................................................... 159

Long joints ........................................................................................................................................ 162

Single lap joints of flats with only one row of fasteners .......................................... 162

Fasteners through packings .............................................................................................. 163

Pin connections ...................................................................................................................... 163

Aluminium connecting devices ........................................................................................ 165

10.6 Welded connections ...................................................................................................................... 166

General............................................................................................................................................... 166

Design of welded connections ................................................................................................... 167

10.7 Design of friction stir welds ....................................................................................................... 181

10.8 Hybrid connections ....................................................................................................................... 182

10.9 Special joints .................................................................................................................................... 183

General............................................................................................................................................... 183

Bolt-channel joints ........................................................................................................................ 183

Screw grooves ................................................................................................................................. 187

10.10 Equivalent T-stub in tension ...................................................................................................... 187

General ...................................................................................................................................... 187

Prying Forces in typical T-Stub Stand-alone Connection ........................................ 187

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General rules for resistance evaluation ........................................................................ 189

Geometrical limitations ...................................................................................................... 197

10.11 Column web in transverse tension and compression ...................................................... 197

General ...................................................................................................................................... 197

Column web in transverse tension ................................................................................. 198

Column web in transverse compression ....................................................................... 202

10.12 Adhesive bonded joints ............................................................................................................... 203

10.13 Other joining methods ................................................................................................................. 204

A.3 General .............................................................................................................................................. 205

A.4 Selection process for execution class ..................................................................................... 206

A.5 Definition of utilization grades ................................................................................................. 208

B.1 Use of this Annex ............................................................................................................................ 209

B.2 Scope and field of application ................................................................................................... 209

B.3 Use ....................................................................................................................................................... 209

B.4 Modelling .......................................................................................................................................... 210

B.5 Choice of software and documentation ................................................................................. 210

B.6 Use of imperfections ..................................................................................................................... 210

B.7 Material properties ....................................................................................................................... 212

B.8 Loads .................................................................................................................................................. 212

B.9 Limit state criteria ......................................................................................................................... 212

B.10 Partial factors .................................................................................................................................. 214

C.1 Use of this Annex ............................................................................................................................ 216

C.2 Scope and field of application ................................................................................................... 216

C.3 General .............................................................................................................................................. 216

C.4 Wrought products ......................................................................................................................... 216

C.5 Cast products ................................................................................................................................... 221

D.1 Use of this Annex ............................................................................................................................ 222

D.2 Scope and field of application ................................................................................................... 222

D.3 Corrosion of aluminium under various exposure conditions ....................................... 222

D.4 Durability ratings of aluminium alloys .................................................................................. 224

D.5 Corrosion protection .................................................................................................................... 225

...

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