CEN/TC 250/SC 9 - Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures

1.1   Scope of EN 1999-1-4
(1)   EN 1999-1-4 gives design requirements for cold-formed trapezoidal aluminium sheeting. It applies to cold-formed aluminium products made from hot rolled or cold rolled sheet or strip that have been cold-formed by such processes as cold-rolled forming or press-breaking.
NOTE 1   The rules in this part complement the rules in other parts of EN 1999-1.
NOTE 2   The execution of aluminium structures made of cold-formed structures for roof, ceiling, floor and wall applications is covered in EN 1090-5.
(2)   EN 1999-1-4 gives methods for stressed-skin design using aluminium sheeting as a structural diaphragm.
(3)   EN 1999-1-4 does not apply to cold-formed aluminium profiles like C- and Z- profiles nor cold-formed and welded circular or rectangular hollow sections.
(4)   EN 1999-1-4 gives methods for design by calculation and for design assisted by testing. The methods for the design by calculation apply only within stated ranges of material properties and geometrical properties for which sufficient experience and test evidence is available. These limitations do not apply to design by testing.
(5)   EN 1999-1-4 does not cover load arrangement for loads during execution and maintenance.
1.2   Assumptions
(1) For the design of new structures, EN 1999 is intended to be used, for direct application, together with EN 1990, EN 1991, EN 1992, EN 1993, EN 1994, EN 1995, EN 1997 and EN 1998.
EN 1999 is intended to be used in conjunction with:
-   European Standards for construction products relevant for aluminium structures;
-   EN 1090-1, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures - Part 1: Requirements for conformity assessment of structural components;
-   EN 1090-5, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures - Part 5: Technical requirements for cold-formed structural aluminium elements and cold-formed structures for roof, ceiling, floor and wall applications.

1.1   Scope of EN 1999-1-5
(1)   EN 1999-1-5 applies to the structural design of aluminium structures, stiffened and unstiffened, that have the form of a shell of revolution or of a round panel in monocoque structures.
(2)   EN 1999-1-5 covers additional provisions to those given in the relevant parts of EN 1999 for design of aluminium structures.
NOTE   Supplementary information for certain types of shells is given in EN 1993-1-6 and the relevant application parts of EN 1993 which include:
-   Part 3-1 for towers and masts;
-   Part 3-2 for chimneys;
-   Part 4-1 for silos;
-   Part 4-2 for tanks;
-   Part 4-3 for pipelines.
(4)   The provisions in EN 1999-1-5 apply to axisymmetric shells (cylinders, cones, spheres) and associated circular or annular plates, beam section rings and stringer stiffeners, where they form part of the complete structure.
(5)   Single shell panels (cylindrical, conical or spherical) are not explicitly covered by EN 1999-1-5. However, the provisions can be applicable if the appropriate boundary conditions are duly taken into account.
(6)   Types of shell walls covered in EN 1999-1-5 can be (see Figure 1.1):
-   shell wall constructed from flat rolled sheet with adjacent plates connected with butt welds, termed “isotropic”;
-   shell wall with lap joints formed by connecting adjacent plates with overlapping sections, termed “lap-jointed”;
-   shell wall with stiffeners attached to the outside, termed “externally stiffened” irrespective of the spacing of stiffeners;
-   shell wall with the corrugations running up the meridian, termed “axially corrugated”;
-   shell wall constructed from corrugated sheets with the corrugations running around the shell circumference, termed “circumferentially corrugated”.
[Figure 1.1 - Illustration of cylindrical shell form]
(7)   The provisions of EN 1999-1-5 are intended to be applied within the temperature range defined in EN 1999-1-1. The maximum temperature is restricted so that the influence of creep can be neglected. For structures subject to elevated temperatures associated with fire, see EN 1999-1-2.
(8)   EN 1999-1-5 does not cover the aspect of leakage.
1.2   Assumptions
(1)   The general assumptions of EN 1990 apply.
(2)   The provisions of EN 1999-1-1 apply.
(3)   The design procedures are valid only when the requirements for execution in EN 1090-3 or other equivalent requirements are complied with.
(4)   For the design of new structures, EN 1999 is intended to be used, for direct application, together with EN 1990, EN 1991, EN 1992, EN 1993, EN 1994, EN 1995, EN 1997 and EN 1998.
(5)   EN 1999 is intended to be used in conjunction with:
-   European Standards for construction products relevant for aluminium structures;
-   EN 1090-1, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures - Part 1: Requirements for conformity assessment of structural components;
-   EN 1090-3, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures - Part 3: Technical requirements for aluminium structures.

1.1 Scope of EN 1999-1-3
(1) This document gives the basis for the design of aluminium alloy structures subject to fatigue in the ultimate limit state.
(2) This document gives rules for:
- safe life design;
- damage tolerant design;
- design assisted by testing.
(3) This document does not cover pressurized containment vessels or pipework.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) The general assumptions of EN 1990 apply.
(2) The provisions of EN 1999-1-1 apply.
(3) EN 1999-1-3 is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts), relevant parts in EN 1992 to EN 1999, EN 1090-1 and EN 1090-3 for requirements for execution, and ENs, EADs and ETAs for construction products relevant to aluminium structures.

1.1 Scope of FprEN 1999-1-1
(1) FprEN 1999-1-1 gives basic design rules for structures made of wrought aluminium alloys and limited guidance for cast alloys (see Clause 5 and Annex C).
This document does not cover the following, unless otherwise explicitly stated in this document:
- components with material thickness less than 0,6 mm;
- welded components with material thickness less than 1,5 mm;
- connections with:
- steel bolts and pins with diameter less than 5 mm;
- aluminium bolts and pins with diameter less than 8 mm;
- rivets and thread forming screws with diameter less than 3,9 mm.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) In addition to the general assumptions of EN 1990 the following assumptions apply:
- execution complies with EN 1090-3 and EN 1090-5;
- the mechanical properties comply with the product standards listed in 5.2.2.
(2) EN 1999 is intended to be used in conjunction with:
- European Standards for construction products relevant for aluminium structures;
- EN 1090-1, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures - Part 1: Requirements for conformity assessment of structural components;
- EN 1090-3, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures - Part 3: Technical requirements for aluminium structures;
- EN 1090-5, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures - Part 5: Technical requirements for cold-formed structural aluminium elements and cold-formed structures for roof, ceiling, floor and wall applications.

1.1   Scope of EN 1999-1-2
(1)   EN 1999-1-2 deals with the design of aluminium structures for the accidental situation of fire exposure and is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1999-1-1, EN 1999-1-2, EN 1999-1-3, EN 1999-1-4 and EN 1999-1-5. This document only identifies differences from, or supplements to, normal temperature design.
(2)   EN 1999-1-2 applies to aluminium structures required to fulfil a load bearing function.
(3)   EN 1999-1-2 gives principles and application rules for the design of structures for specified requirements in respect of the aforementioned function and the levels of performance.
(4)   EN 1999-1-2 applies to structures, or parts of structures, that are within the scope of EN 1999 1 1 and are designed accordingly.
(5)   The methods given in EN 1999-1-2 are applicable to the following aluminium alloys:
EN AW-3004 - H34   EN AW-5083 - O and H12   EN AW-6063 - T5 and T6
EN AW-5005  -  O and H34   EN AW-5454 - O and H34   EN AW-6082 - T4 and T6
EN AW-5052  - H34      EN AW-6061 - T6   
(6)   The methods given in EN 1999-1-2 are applicable also to other aluminium alloy/tempers of EN 1999 1-1, if reliable material properties at elevated temperatures are available or the simplified assumptions in 5.2.1 are applied.
1.2   Assumptions
(1)   In addition to the general assumptions of EN 1990, the following assumptions apply:
-   the choice of the relevant design fire scenario is made by appropriate qualified and experienced personnel, or is given by the relevant national regulation.
-   any active and passive fire protection systems taken into account in the design will be adequately maintained.
(2)   For the design of new structures, EN 1999 is intended to be used, for direct application, together with EN 1990, EN 1991, EN 1992, EN 1993, EN 1994, EN 1995, EN 1997, EN 1998 and EN 1999.
(3)   EN 1999 is intended to be used in conjunction with:
-   European Standards for construction products relevant for aluminium structures
-   EN 1090-1, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures - Part 1: Requirements for conformity assessment of structural components
-   EN 1090-3, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures - Part 3: Technical requirements for aluminium structures

TC - Improvement of wording, symbols, units, values, correction of cross references, changes of modal verbs at various places in the text and addition of NOTE in 5.4.2 (3)
2013: Originator of XML version: first setup pilot of CCMC in 2012

(1)   EN 1999-1-1 gives basic design rules for structures made of wrought aluminium alloys and limited guidance for cast alloys (see section 3).
NOTE   Minimum material thickness may be defined in the National Annex. The following limits are recommended – if not otherwise explicitly stated in this standard:
-   components with material thickness not less than 0,6 mm;
-   welded components with material thickness not less than 1,5 mm;
-   connections with:
o   steel bolts and pins with diameter not less than 5 mm;
o   aluminium bolts and pins with diameter not less than 8 mm;
o   rivets and thread forming screws with diameter not less than 4,2 mm
(2)   The following subjects are dealt with in EN 1999-1-1:
Section 1:   General
Section 2:   Basis of design
Section 3:   Materials
Section 4:   Durability
Section 5:   Structural analysis
Section 6:   Ultimate limit states for members
Section 7:   Serviceability limit states
Section 8:   Design of joints
Annex A    Execution classes
Annex B   Equivalent T-stub in tension
Annex C    Materials selection
Annex D   Corrosion and surface protection
Annex E    Analytical models for stress strain relationship
Annex F    Behaviour of cross section beyond elastic limit
Annex G    Rotation capacity
Annex H    Plastic hinge method for continuous beams
Annex I    Lateral torsional buckling of beams and torsional or flexural-torsional buckling of compression members
Annex J    Properties of cross sections
Annex K    Shear lag effects in member design
Annex L    Classification of connections
Annex M   Adhesive bonded connections
(3)   Sections 1 to 2 provide additional clauses to those given in EN 1990 “Basis of structural design”.
(4)   Section 3 deals with material properties of products made of structural aluminium alloys.
(5)   Section 4 gives general rules for durability.
(6)   Section 5 refers to the structural analysis of structures, in which the members can be modelled with sufficient accuracy as line elements for global analysis.
(7)   Section 6 g

(1)P   EN 1999-1-4 gives design requirements for cold-formed trapezoidal aluminium sheeting. It applies to cold-formed aluminium products made from hot rolled or cold rolled sheet or strip that have been cold-formed by such processes as cold-rolled forming or press-breaking. The execution of aluminium structures made of cold-formed sheeting is covered in EN 1090-3.
NOTE   The rules in this part complement the rules in other parts of EN 1999-1.
(2)   Methods are also given for stressed-skin design using aluminium sheeting as a structural diaphragm.
(3)   This part does not apply to cold-formed alumi¬nium profiles like C-, Z- etc profiles nor cold-formed and welded circular or rectangular hollow sections.
(4)   EN 1999-1-4 gives methods for design by calculation and for design assisted by testing. The methods for the design by calculation apply only within stated ranges of material properties and geometrical properties for which sufficient experience and test evidence is available. These limitations do not apply to design by testing.
(5)   EN 1999-1-4 does not cover load arrangement for loads during execution and main-tenance.

(1) EN 1999-1-3 gives the basis for the design of aluminium alloy structures with respect to the limit state of fracture induced by fatigue.
(2) EN 1999-1-3 gives rules for:
-   Safe life design;
-   damage tolerant design;
-   design assisted by testing.
(3) EN 1999-1-3 is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1090-3 "Technical requirements for the execution of aluminium structures" which contains the requirements necessary for the design assumptions to be met during execution of components and structures.
(4) EN 1999-1-3 does not cover pressurised containment vessels or pipe-work.

2009-07-14 SJ: DOP of 12 months!
2013: Originator of XML version: first setup pilot of CCMC in 2012

(1)   EN 1999-1-1 gives basic design rules for structures made of wrought aluminium alloys and limited guidance for cast alloys (see section 3).
NOTE   Minimum material thickness may be defined in the National Annex. The following limits are recommended – if not otherwise explicitly stated in this standard:
-   components with material thickness not less than 0,6 mm;
-   welded components with material thickness not less than 1,5 mm;
-   connections with:
o   steel bolts and pins with diameter not less than 5 mm;
o   aluminium bolts and pins with diameter not less than 8 mm;
o   rivets and thread forming screws with diameter not less than 4,2 mm
(2)   The following subjects are dealt with in EN 1999-1-1:
Section 1:   General
Section 2:   Basis of design
Section 3:   Materials
Section 4:   Durability
Section 5:   Structural analysis
Section 6:   Ultimate limit states for members
Section 7:   Serviceability limit states
Section 8:   Design of joints
Annex A    Execution classes
Annex B   Equivalent T-stub in tension
Annex C    Materials selection
Annex D   Corrosion and surface protection
Annex E    Analytical models for stress strain relationship
Annex F    Behaviour of cross section beyond elastic limit
Annex G    Rotation capacity
Annex H    Plastic hinge method for continuous beams
Annex I    Lateral torsional buckling of beams and torsional or flexural-torsional buckling of compression members
Annex J    Properties of cross sections
Annex K    Shear lag effects in member design
Annex L    Classification of connections
Annex M   Adhesive bonded connections
(3)   Sections 1 to 2 provide additional clauses to those given in EN 1990 “Basis of structural design”.
(4)   Section 3 deals with material properties of products made of structural aluminium alloys.
(5)   Section 4 gives general rules for durability.
(6)   Section 5 refers to the structural analysis of structures, in which the members can be modelled with sufficient accuracy as line elements for global analysis.
(7)   Section 6 g

Supplementary to Part 1-1. Additional and varied rules to be used for the design of aluminium alloys structures which are required to avoid premature structural collapse and to limit the spread of fire in the accidental situation of exposure to fire.

This Part 2 gives the basis for the design of aluminium alloy structures with respect to the limit state of fatigue induced fracture. Design for other limit states is covered in Part 1. This Part 2 gives rules for design by the following methods: - safe life; - damage tolerance; - design by testing. This Part 2 contains the manufacturing quality requirements necessary to ensure that the design assumptions are met in practice.

This European Prestandard gives a general basis for the design of buildings and civil and structural engineering works in aluminium alloy. The following subjects are dealt with in this initial version of this European Prestandard: -Section 1: General; -Section 2: Basis of design; -Section 3: Materials; -Section 4: Serviceability limit states; -Section 5: Ultimate limit states (members); -Service 6: Connections subject to static loading; -Section 7: Fabrication and execution; -Section 8: Design assisted by testing.

This European prestandard deals with the design of aluminium alloy structures for the accidental situation of fire exposure and is intended to be used in conjunction with prENV 1999-1-1:1997 and ENV 1991-2-2:1995. This European prestandard only identifies differences from, or supplements to, normal temperature design. This document deals only with passive methods of fire protection. Active methods are not covered. This European prestandard applies to structures which, for reasons of general fire safety, are required to avoid premature collapse of the structure in exposure to fire (load-bearing function).