FprEN ISO 21028-1

Cryogenic vessels - Toughness requirements for materials at cryogenic temperature - Part 1: Temperatures below -80 degrees C (ISO/FDIS 21028‑1:2026)

ISO 21028-1:2016 specifies the toughness requirements of metallic materials for use at a temperature below -80 °C to ensure their suitability for cryogenic vessels.
ISO 21028-1:2016 is not applicable to unalloyed steels and cast materials.

Kryo-Behälter - Zähigkeitsanforderungen an Werkstoffe bei kryogenen Temperaturen - Teil 1: Temperaturen unter −80 °C (ISO/FDIS 21028‑1:2026)

Récipients cryogéniques - Exigences de ténacité pour les matériaux à température cryogénique - Partie 1: Températures inférieures à -80 degrés C (ISO/FDIS 21028‑1:2026)

ISO 21028-1:2016 spécifie les exigences de ténacité des matériaux métalliques utilisables à une température inférieure à −80 °C, pour assurer leur aptitude à l'emploi pour les récipients cryogéniques.
ISO 21028-1:2016 ne s'applique pas aux aciers non alliés ni aux matériaux moulés.

Kriogene posode - Zahteve za žilavost materialov pri kriogenih temperaturah - 1. del: Temperature pod –80 °C (ISO/DIS 21028-1:2024)

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2026
• ICS: 23.020.40 - Cryogenic vessels
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 268 - Cryogenic vessels
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 268 - Cryogenic vessels
• Current Stage: 4599 - Dispatch of FV draft to CMC - Finalization for Vote
• Start Date: 08-Oct-2025
• Completion Date: 08-Oct-2025
• Directive: Not Harmonized2008/68/EC - Directive 2008/68/EC of the European Parliament and of the council of 24 September 2008 on the inland transport of the dangerous goods
• Directive:

  ---

  Harmonized Standard2014/68/EU - Directive 2014/68/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 on the harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of pressure equipment
• Mandate: M/071 - Mandate to CEN for standardization in the field of Pressure equipment
• Mandate: M/601 - COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION of 1.3.2024 on a standardisation request to the European Committee for Standardization and the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization as regards pressure equipment and assemblies in support of Directive 2014/68/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council
• Mandate: M/TDG - Standards for referencing in the RID-ADR
• Ref Project: oSIST prEN ISO 21028-1:2024 - Cryogenic vessels - Toughness requirements for materials at cryogenic temperature - Part 1: Temperatures below -80 degrees C (ISO/DIS 21028-1:2024)

Relations

• Consolidated By: ISO/FDIS 21028-1 - Cryogenic vessels — Toughness requirements for materials at cryogenic temperature — Part 1: Temperatures below ‒80 °C
• Effective Date: 12-Feb-2026
• Revises: EN ISO 21028-1:2016 - Cryogenic vessels - Toughness requirements for materials at cryogenic temperature - Part 1: Temperatures below -80 °C (ISO 21028-1:2016)
• Effective Date: 19-Jan-2023

Overview

FprEN ISO 21028-1 specifies the toughness requirements for metallic materials used in cryogenic vessels operating at temperatures below -80°C. Developed by CEN and based on ISO 21028-1:2016, this international standard is fundamental for ensuring the safety and performance of cryogenic equipment exposed to extremely low temperatures. The standard addresses how changes in materials' mechanical properties at cryogenic temperatures can affect vessel integrity, focusing on the crucial aspect of material toughness to prevent brittle failure.

The requirements outlined do not apply to unalloyed steels or cast materials. The document supports compliance with relevant regulatory directives, such as the Pressure Equipment Directive 2014/68/EU, making it essential for manufacturers, testing laboratories, and regulators within the cryogenic and pressure vessel industries.

Key Topics

• Material Selection for Cryogenic Service: Emphasizes the importance of using metallic materials that maintain adequate toughness at temperatures below -80°C.
• Steels and Alloys Covered: Outlines requirements for ferritic alloy steels (including those with nickel to increase toughness), austenitic stainless steels, aluminium and aluminium alloys, and copper and copper alloys.
• Impact Testing: Details procedures for Charpy V-notch impact tests per ISO 148-1 to verify the suitability of materials, welds, and heat-affected zones at the minimum service temperature.
• Test Procedures and Locations: Specifies specimen preparation, locations for sampling (base material, welds, heat-affected zones), and minimum dimensional requirements for test pieces.
• Acceptance Criteria: Sets pass/fail benchmarks for impact energy and lateral expansion, including retest procedures if initial results do not meet requirements.
• Exclusions: Specifically excludes unalloyed steels and cast materials from its scope, as their toughness at low temperatures does not meet the necessary criteria.
• Reference to Regulatory Needs: Supports essential requirements of the Pressure Equipment Directive 2014/68/EU for pressure equipment operating under cryogenic conditions.

Applications

The standard is applied in areas where cryogenic storage and transport are critical, such as:

• Design and Manufacturing of Cryogenic Vessels: Ensures that the chosen materials and welds maintain mechanical integrity at sub-zero temperatures, critical for vessels storing liquefied gases like oxygen, nitrogen, or LNG.
• Compliance and Certification: Enables manufacturers to prove conformity with European and international safety regulations for pressure equipment and cryogenic systems.
• Material and Welding Qualification: Provides guidelines for verifying the properties of materials and welded joints, aiding in the qualification of both base materials and completed fabrications.
• Quality Assurance and Risk Mitigation: Reduces the risk of brittle fracture in low-temperature environments, increasing operational safety for users and operators of cryogenic vessels.

Related Standards

• ISO 148-1: Metallic materials - Charpy pendulum impact test - Test method (referenced for impact testing procedures).
• EN 10028-4: Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes, specifically those with nickel alloy for improved toughness.
• ISO 21009-1: Cryogenic vessels - Static vacuum-insulated vessels - Design, fabrication, inspection, and tests.
• ISO 20421-1: Cryogenic vessels - Large transportable vacuum-insulated vessels - Design, fabrication, inspection, and tests.
• EN 1652, EN 1653, EN 1981, EN 12163: Standards covering aluminium and copper alloy materials.
• Pressure Equipment Directive 2014/68/EU: European regulatory framework for design and safety compliance.

By adhering to FprEN ISO 21028-1, manufacturers and users ensure that cryogenic vessels maintain safety, reliability, and regulatory compliance in applications where maintaining material toughness at temperatures below -80°C is critical.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2024
Kriogene posode - Zahteve za žilavost materialov pri kriogenih temperaturah - 1.
del: Temperature pod –80 °C (ISO/DIS 21028-1:2024)
Cryogenic vessels - Toughness requirements for materials at cryogenic temperature -
Part 1: Temperatures below -80 degrees C (ISO/DIS 21028-1:2024)
Kryo-Behälter - Zähigkeitsanforderungen an Werkstoffe bei kryogenen Temperaturen -
Teil 1: Temperaturen unter −80 °C (ISO/DIS 21028-1:2024)
Récipients cryogéniques - Exigences de ténacité pour les matériaux à température
cryogénique - Partie 1: Températures inférieures à -80 degrés C (ISO/DIS 21028-
1:2024)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 21028-1
ICS:
23.020.40 Proti mrazu odporne posode Cryogenic vessels
(kriogenske posode)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/DIS 21028-1
ISO/TC 220
Cryogenic vessels — Toughness
Secretariat: AFNOR
requirements for materials at
Voting begins on:
cryogenic temperature —
2024-03-25
Part 1:
Voting terminates on:
2024-06-17
Temperatures below -80 degrees C
Récipients cryogéniques — Exigences de ténacité pour les
matériaux à température cryogénique —
Partie 1: Températures inférieures à -80 degrés C
ICS: 23.020.40
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENTS AND APPROVAL. IT
IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE
AND MAY NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL
PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION.
Reference number
ISO/DIS 21028-1:2024(en)
DRAFT
ISO/DIS 21028-1:2024(en)
International
Standard
ISO/DIS 21028-1
ISO/TC 220
Cryogenic vessels — Toughness
Secretariat: AFNOR
requirements for materials at
Voting begins on:
cryogenic temperature —
Part 1:
Voting terminates on:
Temperatures below -80 degrees C
Récipients cryogéniques — Exigences de ténacité pour les
matériaux à température cryogénique —
Partie 1: Températures inférieures à -80 degrés C
ICS: 23.020.40
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENTS AND APPROVAL. IT
IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE
AND MAY NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL
PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
© ISO 2024
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
Phone: [phone]
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION.
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ISO/DIS 21028-1:2024(en)
ii
ISO/DIS 21028-1:2024(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Toughness requirements . 1
4.1 General .1
4.2 Steels . . .2
4.3 Aluminium or aluminium alloys .2
4.4 Copper or copper alloys .2
4.5 Test methods .2
4.5.1 General .2
4.5.2 Test piece locations for plates .3
4.5.3 Test piece locations for welds and heat-affected zones .3
4.6 Acceptance criteria .5
4.6.1 For impact energy.5
4.6.2 For lateral expansion .5
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2014/68/EU (Pressure Equipment Directive) aimed to be
covered . 7
Bibliography . 8

iii
ISO/DIS 21028-1:2024(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 220 Cryogenic vessels.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 21028-1:2016), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— Expansion of the Section 2: Normative references;
— Addition of Table 1 – Impact Energy and Lateral Expansion Requirements for Steels in Section 4.2: Steels.
A list of all parts in the ISO 21028 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

iv
ISO/DIS 21028-1:2024(en)
Introduction
The use of materials at low temperatures entails special problems which are to be addressed. Consideration
is to be given, in particular, to changes in mechanical characteristics, expansion and contraction phenomena
and the thermal conduction of the various materials. Austenitic stainless steel can transform from the
austenitic to the martensitic phase when cooled down, leading to dimensional change that needs to be
considered during design.
However, the most important property to be considered is material to
...