EN 12999:2020
(Main)Cranes - Loader cranes
Cranes - Loader cranes
This document specifies minimum requirements for design, calculation, examinations and tests of hydraulic powered loader cranes and their mountings on vehicles or static foundations.
This document applies to loader cranes designed to be installed on:
- road vehicles, including trailers, with load carrying capability;
- tractors (road or agricultural), where only a towed trailer has capability to carry goods;
- demountable bodies to be carried by any of the above;
- other types of carriers (e.g. separate loaders, crawlers, rail vehicles, non-seagoing vessels);
- static foundations.
This document also applies to loader cranes equipped with special tools or interchangeable equipment (e.g. grapple, clamshell bucket, pallet clamp, etc.), as specified in the operator’s manual.
This document does not apply to loader cranes used on board sea going vessels or to articulated boom system cranes which are designed as total integral parts of special equipment such as forwarders.
The hazards covered by this document are identified in Clause 4.
This document does not cover hazards related to the lifting of persons.
NOTE The use of cranes for lifting of persons can be subject to specific national regulations.
This document is not applicable to loader cranes manufactured before the publication of this document. For loader cranes designed before the publication of this document, the provisions concerning stress calculations in the version of EN 12999 that was valid at the time of their design, are still applicable.
Krane - Ladekrane
Dieses Dokument legt Mindestanforderungen an Gestaltung, Berechnung, Untersuchungen und Prüfungen von hydraulisch angetriebenen Ladekranen und deren Montage auf Fahrzeuge oder ortsfeste Unter¬konstruktionen fest.
Dieses Dokument gilt für Ladekrane, die dafür vorgesehen sind, wie folgt montiert zu werden:
- auf Straßenfahrzeuge, einschließlich Anhängern, mit einer verbleibenden Nutzlast;
- auf Traktoren (Straße oder Landwirtschaft), bei denen nur der Anhänger über die Möglichkeit verfügt, Güter zu befördern;
- als demontierbare Einrichtungen, die von einer der oben genannten Maschinen mitgeführt werden;
- auf sonstigen Trägerarten (z. B. Separat-Lader, Raupenfahrzeuge, Schienenfahrzeuge, nicht hochseetüchtige Schiffe);
- auf ortsfeste Unterkonstruktionen.
Dieses Dokument gilt außerdem für Ladekrane, die mit Spezialwerkzeugen oder austauschbaren Ausrüstungsteilen (z. B. Greifer/Zange, Zweischalengreifer, Palettengabel usw.), wie in der Betriebsanleitung festgelegt, ausgestattet sind.
Dieses Dokument gilt nicht für Ladekrane auf Seeschiffen sowie Krane mit Knickauslegersystem, die vollständig als integraler Bestandteil einer speziellen Ausrüstung, wie z. B. Rückefahrzeug (Forwarder), ausgelegt sind.
Die Gefährdungen, die in diesem Dokument behandelt werden, sind in Abschnitt 4 aufgeführt.
Dieses Dokument behandelt nicht die Gefährdungen, die beim Heben von Personen auftreten.
ANMERKUNG Die Verwendung von Kranen für das Heben von Personen kann besonderen nationalen Vorschriften unterliegen.
Dieses Dokument gilt nicht für Ladekrane, die vor dem Datum der Veröffentlichung dieses Dokuments hergestellt wurden. Für Ladekrane, die vor Veröffentlichung dieses Dokuments konstruiert wurden, gelten nach wie vor die Festlegungen hinsichtlich der Spannungsberechnungen entsprechend der Ausgabe von EN 12999, die zum Zeitpunkt ihrer Konstruktion gültig war.
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Grues de chargement
Le présent document spécifie les prescriptions minimales relatives à la conception, au calcul, aux examens et aux essais des grues de chargement hydrauliques et à leur montage sur des véhicules ou massifs pour montage à poste fixe.
Le présent document s'applique aux grues de chargement conçues pour être installées sur :
- des véhicules routiers, y compris les remorques, ayant une capacité de charge ;
- des tracteurs (routiers ou agricoles), lorsque seule la remorque tractée est capable de transporter des marchandises ;
- des caisses amovibles qui doivent être transportées par l'un des véhicules susmentionnés ;
- d'autres types de transporteurs (par exemple : chargeurs séparés, transporteurs sur chenilles, transporteurs sur rail, navires d’eau douce) ;
- des bases statiques.
Le présent document s'applique également aux grues de chargement équipées d'outils spéciaux ou d'équipements interchangeables (par exemple, grappin, benne preneuse, pince à palette, etc.), comme indiqué dans le manuel de l'opérateur.
Le présent document ne s'applique pas aux grues de chargement utilisées à bord des navires de haute mer et aux appareils de levage à charge suspendue à flèche articulée qui sont conçus comme faisant partie intégrante d’un équipement spécial tel que des débardeuses.
Les phénomènes dangereux couverts par le présent document sont identifiés à l’Article 4.
Le présent document ne couvre pas les phénomènes dangereux relatifs au levage de personnes.
NOTE L’utilisation d’appareils de levage pour le levage de personnes peut être soumise à des réglementations nationales spécifiques.
Le présent document ne s'applique pas aux grues de chargement construites avant sa publication. Pour les grues de chargement conçues avant la publication du présent document, les dispositions concernant les calculs de contraintes dans la version de l’EN 12999 qui était valable au moment de leur conception, ne sont pas encore applicables.
Žerjavi - Nakladalni žerjavi
General Information
Relations
Frequently Asked Questions
EN 12999:2020 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Cranes - Loader cranes". This standard covers: This document specifies minimum requirements for design, calculation, examinations and tests of hydraulic powered loader cranes and their mountings on vehicles or static foundations. This document applies to loader cranes designed to be installed on: - road vehicles, including trailers, with load carrying capability; - tractors (road or agricultural), where only a towed trailer has capability to carry goods; - demountable bodies to be carried by any of the above; - other types of carriers (e.g. separate loaders, crawlers, rail vehicles, non-seagoing vessels); - static foundations. This document also applies to loader cranes equipped with special tools or interchangeable equipment (e.g. grapple, clamshell bucket, pallet clamp, etc.), as specified in the operator’s manual. This document does not apply to loader cranes used on board sea going vessels or to articulated boom system cranes which are designed as total integral parts of special equipment such as forwarders. The hazards covered by this document are identified in Clause 4. This document does not cover hazards related to the lifting of persons. NOTE The use of cranes for lifting of persons can be subject to specific national regulations. This document is not applicable to loader cranes manufactured before the publication of this document. For loader cranes designed before the publication of this document, the provisions concerning stress calculations in the version of EN 12999 that was valid at the time of their design, are still applicable.
This document specifies minimum requirements for design, calculation, examinations and tests of hydraulic powered loader cranes and their mountings on vehicles or static foundations. This document applies to loader cranes designed to be installed on: - road vehicles, including trailers, with load carrying capability; - tractors (road or agricultural), where only a towed trailer has capability to carry goods; - demountable bodies to be carried by any of the above; - other types of carriers (e.g. separate loaders, crawlers, rail vehicles, non-seagoing vessels); - static foundations. This document also applies to loader cranes equipped with special tools or interchangeable equipment (e.g. grapple, clamshell bucket, pallet clamp, etc.), as specified in the operator’s manual. This document does not apply to loader cranes used on board sea going vessels or to articulated boom system cranes which are designed as total integral parts of special equipment such as forwarders. The hazards covered by this document are identified in Clause 4. This document does not cover hazards related to the lifting of persons. NOTE The use of cranes for lifting of persons can be subject to specific national regulations. This document is not applicable to loader cranes manufactured before the publication of this document. For loader cranes designed before the publication of this document, the provisions concerning stress calculations in the version of EN 12999 that was valid at the time of their design, are still applicable.
EN 12999:2020 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 53.020.20 - Cranes. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN 12999:2020 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN 12999:2011+A2:2018, EN 12999:2020+A1:2025, EN 12999:2020/FprA1. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
EN 12999:2020 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 2006/42/EC; Standardization Mandates: M/396. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2020
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 12999:2011+A2:2018
Žerjavi - Nakladalni žerjavi
Cranes - Loader cranes
Krane - Ladekrane
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Grues de chargement
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 12999:2020
ICS:
53.020.20 Dvigala Cranes
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN 12999
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
October 2020
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 53.020.20 Supersedes EN 12999:2011+A2:2018
English Version
Cranes - Loader cranes
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Grues de Krane - Ladekrane
chargement
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 10 August 2020.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 12999:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms, definitions, illustration of parts and abbreviated terms . 8
3.1 Terms and definitions . 8
3.2 Illustration of parts . 13
3.3 Abbreviated terms . 15
4 List of significant hazards . 15
5 Safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction measures . 18
5.1 General . 18
5.2 Structural calculation . 18
5.3 Stress analysis . 24
5.4 Mechanical arrangements. 25
5.5 Hydraulic system . 27
5.6 Limiting and indicating devices . 29
5.7 Controls . 34
5.8 Control stations . 35
5.9 Electrical systems . 38
5.10 Installation . 38
6 Verification of the safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction measures . 40
6.1 General . 40
6.2 Testing and test procedures . 44
6.3 Noise emission measurement . 50
7 Information for use . 50
7.1 General . 50
7.2 Instructions . 50
7.3 Marking . 53
Annex A (informative) Examples of configurations and mountings . 62
Annex B (informative) Stress history parameter s and stress history classes S . 69
Annex C (informative) Explanatory notes . 73
Annex D (informative) Examples of dangerous movements . 75
Annex E (normative) Symbols for working and setting-up functions . 77
Annex F (informative) Control system – Preferred vertical layout for controls operated
from the ground . 79
Annex G (informative) Control system – Horizontal layout order . 81
Annex H (informative) Control levers for high seats and remote controls . 84
Annex I (normative) Cabins fitted on vehicle mounted loader cranes up to a net lifting
moment of 250 kNm . 87
Annex J (informative) Examples of raised control stations . 90
Annex K (normative) Raised control stations – Measures regarding handrails and
handholds, ladders and steps . 93
Annex L (informative) Installation of a loader crane on a vehicle . 96
Annex M (informative) Selection of a suitable set of crane standards for a given application . 102
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered . 104
Bibliography . 107
European foreword
This document (EN 12999:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 147 “Cranes -
Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2021, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by April 2021.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 12999:2011+A2:2018.
The two major changes are the following:
— replacing the reference to EN 954-1:1996 with a reference to EN ISO 13849-1:2015;
— improving the subclause on stability test.
This document has been prepared under a standardization request given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of
EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
The new requirements concerning limiting and indicating devices that are introduced in 5.6.1 of this
revision of the document are not mandatory to cranes manufactured the first 12 months after the Date of
Availability of the revised document. Annex M provides a list of standards that are relevant to other types
of cranes.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United
Kingdom.
Introduction
This document is a harmonized standard to provide one means for loader cranes to conform to the
essential health and safety requirements of the Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC.
This document is a type-C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100:2010.
This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the market
players with regard to machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organizations, market surveillance, etc.).
Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the
above-mentioned stakeholder groups:
— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);
— service providers, e.g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);
— consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).
The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting
process of this document.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events are
covered are indicated in the Scope of this document.
When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or type-B
standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of the other
standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this type-C
standard.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards are covered are indicated in the scope of this
document.
1 Scope
This document specifies minimum requirements for design, calculation, examinations and tests of
hydraulic powered loader cranes and their mountings on vehicles or static foundations.
This document applies to loader cranes designed to be installed on:
— road vehicles, including trailers, with load carrying capability;
— tractors (road or agricultural), where only a towed trailer has capability to carry goods;
— demountable bodies to be carried by any of the above;
— other types of carriers (e.g. separate loaders, crawlers, rail vehicles, non-seagoing vessels);
— static foundations.
This document also applies to loader cranes equipped with special tools or interchangeable equipment
(e.g. grapple, clamshell bucket, pallet clamp, etc.), as specified in the operator’s manual.
This document does not apply to loader cranes used on board sea going vessels or to articulated boom
system cranes which are designed as total integral parts of special equipment such as forwarders.
The hazards covered by this document are identified in Clause 4.
This document does not cover hazards related to the lifting of persons.
NOTE The use of cranes for lifting of persons can be subject to specific national regulations.
This document is not applicable to loader cranes manufactured before the publication of this document.
For loader cranes designed before the publication of this document, the provisions concerning stress
calculations in the version of EN 12999 that was valid at the time of their design, are still applicable.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE In the event of conflicting statements between referenced documents and this document, the statements
in this document apply.
EN 1677-2:2000+A1:2008, Components for slings - Safety - Part 2: Forged steel lifting hooks with latch,
Grade 8
EN 12077-2:1998+A1:2008, Cranes safety - Requirements for health and safety - Part 2: Limiting and
indicating devices
EN 14492-2:2019, Cranes - Power driven winches and hoists - Part 2: Power driven hoists
EN 12644-1:2001+A1:2008, Cranes - Information for use and testing - Part 1: Instructions
EN 12644-2:2000+A1:2008, Cranes - Information for use and testing - Part 2: Marking
EN 13001-1:2015, Cranes - General design - Part 1: General principles and requirements
EN 13001-2:2014, Crane safety - General design - Part 2: Load actions
EN 13001-3-1:2012+A2:2018, Cranes - General Design - Part 3-1: Limit States and proof competence of
steel structure
EN 13001-3-2:2014, Cranes - General design - Part 3-2: Limit states and proof of competence of wire ropes
in reeving systems
EN 13001-3-5:2016, Cranes - General design - Part 3-5: Limit states and proof of competence of forged
hooks
EN 13001-3-6:2018, Cranes - General design - Part 3-6: Limit states and proof of competence of machinery
- Hydraulic cylinders
EN 13135:2013+A1:2018, Cranes - Safety - Design - Requirements for equipment
EN 13557:2003+A2:2008, Cranes - Controls and control stations
EN 13586:2004+A1:2008, Cranes - Access
EN 14033-2:2017, Railway applications - Track - Railbound construction and maintenance machines - Part
2: Technical requirements for travelling and working
EN IEC 61000-6-2:2019, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-2: Generic standards - Immunity
standard for industrial environments (IEC 61000-6-2:2016)
EN IEC 61000-6-4:2019, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-4: Generic standards - Emission
standard for industrial environments (IEC 61000-6-4:2018)
EN 60204-32:2008, Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 32: Requirements for
hoisting machines (IEC 60204-32:2008)
EN 62745:2017, Safety of machinery - Requirements for cableless control systems of machinery
EN ISO 898-1:2013, Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel - Part 1: Bolts,
screws and studs with specified property classes - Coarse thread and fine pitch thread (ISO 898-1:2013)
EN ISO 3744:2010, Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources
using sound pressure - Engineering methods for an essentially free field over a reflecting plane (ISO
3744:2010)
EN ISO 4413:2010, Hydraulic fluid power - General rules and safety requirements for systems and their
components (ISO 4413:2010)
EN ISO 4871:2009, Acoustics - Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and
equipment (ISO 4871:1996)
EN ISO 5353:1998, Earth-moving machinery, and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry - Seat
index point (ISO 5353:1995)
EN ISO 6892-1:2019, Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 1: Method of test at room temperature
(ISO 6892-1:2019)
EN ISO 11201:2010, Acoustics - Noise emitted by machinery and equipment - Determination of emission
sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions in an essentially free field over a
reflecting plane with negligible environmental corrections (ISO 11201:2010)
EN ISO 11688-1:2009, Acoustics - Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and
equipment - Part 1: Planning (ISO/TR 11688-1:1995)
EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk reduction
(ISO 12100:2010)
EN ISO 13849-1:2015, Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems - Part 1: General
principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2015)
EN ISO 13849-2:2012, Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems - Part 2: Validation (ISO
13849-2:2012)
EN ISO 13854:2019, Safety of machinery - Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body (ISO
13854:2017)
EN ISO 13857:2019, Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper
and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2019)
3 Terms, definitions, illustration of parts and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2010 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1.1 Loader crane
3.1.1.1
loader crane
power driven crane comprising a column, which slews about a base, and a boom system which is attached
on to the top of the column and being designed for loading and unloading vehicles
Note 1 to entry: Annex A gives examples of configuration and mountings.
3.1.1.2
self -powered loader crane
loader crane that has power source and hydraulic pump as integral parts of the machine
3.1.1.3
timber handling crane
loader crane specifically designed, manufactured and equipped with a grapple for loading/unloading of
unprepared timber (e.g. tree trunks, branches)
3.1.1.4
separate loader
vehicle, with no load carrying capacity, equipped with a loader crane and designed to load or unload other
vehicles and trailers
3.1.1.5
demountable body
detachable frame designed to be carried by a vehicle or trailer
3.1.2 Components
3.1.2.1
base
housing incorporating anchoring points and bearings for the slewing column
3.1.2.2
boom
structural member in the boom system of the loader crane
3.1.2.3
boom extension, hydraulic
part of the boom system which is capable of hydraulic telescopic movement to vary its length
3.1.2.4
boom extension, manual
part of the boom system which can be manually attached or manually extended to increase the outreach
of the boom system
3.1.2.5
boom system
complete system, consisting of booms, boom extensions and cylinders
3.1.2.6
column
structural member which supports the boom system
3.1.2.7
control system
interface between the operating levers and the actuating components which provide movements of the
loader crane
3.1.2.8
control station
position from which the loader crane may be operated
3.1.2.9
fixed load lifting attachment
lifting attachment which is fitted directly to the boom of a crane but does not increase the outreach of the
boom system
EXAMPLE Grapple, pallet clamp, clamshell bucket.
3.1.2.10
high seat
control station connected to the column, consequently rotating with the crane
3.1.2.11
hoist
machines for lifting and lowering suspended loads over predetermined distances, using ropes, chains or
belts
3.1.2.12
non-fixed load lifting attachment
lifting attachment which can be fitted directly or indirectly to the hook or any other coupling device of a
crane by the user without affecting its integrity and does not increase the outreach of the boom system
3.1.2.13
raised control station
control station at a height above the ground level, i.e. a high seat attached to the column of the loader
crane or a platform positioned above the base of the loader crane
Note 1 to entry: See Annex J.
3.1.2.14
stabilizer
aid to the supporting structure connected to the base of the crane or to the vehicle to provide stability,
without lifting the vehicle from the ground
3.1.2.15
stabilizer extension
part of the stabilizer capable of extending the stabilizer leg laterally from the transport position to the
operating position
3.1.2.16
stabilizer leg
part of a stabilizer capable of contacting the ground to provide the required stability
3.1.2.17
static foundation
fixed support incorporating mounting points for a crane
3.1.3 Hydraulics
3.1.3.1
current working pressure
working pressure acting on the piston area, giving the same resultant force as the actual pressures acting
on both sides of the piston, and that corresponds to the rated capacity at any time
3.1.3.2
dynamic pressure
pressure in a hydraulic system component or part of hydraulic system caused by dynamic forces on
actuators when handling the load
3.1.3.3
hydraulic line rupture
failure of a hydraulic line which results in a loss of pressure in the line
3.1.3.4
maximum working pressure
maximum pressure in pump circuit or individual working function
3.1.3.5
sink rate
distance in a given time at which the load lowers due to internal leakage of hydraulic components
3.1.3.6
stability test pressure
st
equivalent pressure acting on the piston area of the 1 boom cylinder, used for stability testing and giving
the same resultant force as the actual pressures acting on both sides of the piston
3.1.4 Kinematics
3.1.4.1
articulated movement
movement of boom members pivoting about a pin joint
3.1.4.2
crane inclination
angle between the slewing axis and a vertical line, due to working on slanted or uneven ground
3.1.4.3
lifting movement
raising or lowering of the boom system and/or the load which causes a change in its vertical position
3.1.4.4
maximum outreach
largest outreach shown on the load chart
3.1.4.5
outreach
horizontal distance between the axis of rotation of the column and point of load attachment
3.1.4.6
outreach, hydraulic
outreach which can be obtained with hydraulically actuated parts of the boom system
3.1.4.7
slewing
rotational movement of the column and boom system about the axis of the column
3.1.5 Loads
3.1.5.1
dead load
force due to masses of fixed and movable crane parts which act permanently on the structure while the
crane is being used
3.1.5.2
gross load
sum of payload, lifting attachments and if applicable a portion of the hoist rope
3.1.5.3
maximum working load
maximum load that may be lifted shown on the load plate
3.1.5.4
payload
load which is lifted by the crane and suspended from the non-fixed load-lifting attachment(s) or, if such
an attachment is not used, directly from the fixed load lifting attachment(s)
3.1.5.5
rated capacity
load that the crane is designed to lift for a given operating condition (e.g. configuration, position of the
load)
3.1.5.6
rated capacity indicator
device which gives, within tolerance limits specified in 5.6.2.1, at least a continuous indication that the
rated capacity is exceeded, and another continuous indication (on certain crane types) of the approach
to the rated capacity
3.1.5.7
rated capacity limiter
system that automatically prevents the crane from handling loads in excess of its rated capacity (see also
C.1)
3.1.6 Moments
3.1.6.1
net lifting moment
rated capacity multiplied by outreach
3.1.6.2
total lifting moment
sum of net lifting moment and the moment produced by dead loads
3.1.7 Valves
3.1.7.1
flow sensitive check valve
valve which stops the flow when a pre-set pressure drop level is exceeded
3.1.7.2
load holding valve
valve which is normally closed and is opened by an external force to enable flow of fluid out of a hydraulic
actuator
3.1.7.3
main relief valve
valve which limits the pressure supplied to the hydraulic system of the crane
3.1.7.4
port relief valve
valve which limits the pressure supplied to a hydraulic actuator
3.1.7.5
pressure relief valve
valve which automatically relieves the hydraulic oil to the tank when the pressure exceeds a specified
value
3.1.8 Miscellaneous
3.1.8.1
danger zone
any space within and/or around machinery in which a person can be exposed to a hazard
[SOURCE: EN ISO 12100:2010, 3.11]
3.1.8.2
setting-up function
crane function used to prepare the crane for lifting
3.1.8.3
vessel
floating installation that the crane is mounted on
3.2 Illustration of parts
The terms which are used in this document for the main parts of a loader crane are indicated in Figure 1
a) and b).
Boom system consists of items 6 to 12 plus items 16 to 22, if applicable.
a)
b)
Key
nd rd
1 base 9 2 boom cylinder 17 3 boom
rd
2 stabilizer extension 10 boom extension, hydraulic 18 3 boom cylinder
3 stabilizer leg 11 extension cylinders 19 boom extension, hydraulic
4 slewing mechanism, e.g. rack and 12 boom extension, manual 20 extension cylinders
pinion, slewing ring
5 Column 13 hook 21 hook
st
6 1 boom 14 controls 22 boom extension, manual
st
7 1 boom cylinder 15 stabilizer foot
nd rd
8 2 boom 16 3 boom adapter
Figure 1 — Main parts of a loader crane
3.3 Abbreviated terms
Table 1 — Abbreviated terms
Abbreviation Meaning
SRP/CS Safety Related Parts of Control System
PL Performance Level
PFH Average probability of dangerous failure per hour
D
PLr Performance Level Required
MTTF expectation of the mean time to dangerous failure
D
4 List of significant hazards
Table 2 shows a list of significant hazardous situations and hazardous events that could result in risks to
persons during intended use and foreseeable misuse. It also contains corresponding cross-references to
the relevant clauses in this document that are necessary to reduce or eliminate the risks associated with
those hazards. Before using this document, it is important to carry out a risk assessment of the crane. As
a minimum, the hazards covered by Table 2 should be included in the risk assessment.
Table 2 — List of significant hazards and associated requirements
No. Hazards Relevant clause(s) in
this document
1 Mechanical hazards due to:
1.1 - Inadequacy of mechanical strength of the crane 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5.8,
and its parts 5.8.2.1, 5.8.2.2
1.2 Crushing hazard 5.8.1, 5.8.2.3, 5.10.2.3
1.3 Shearing hazard 5.8.1, 5.8.2.3, 5.10.2.3
1.4 Entanglement hazard 5.8.1, 5.8.2.2, 5.8.2.3,
5.10.2.3
1.5 Drawing-in or trapping hazard 5.8.1, 5.8.2.2, 5.8.2.3,
5.10.2.3
1.6 Impact hazard 5.8.1, 5.8.2.3, 5.10.2.3
1.7 High pressure fluid injection or ejection hazard 5.5.1, 5.5.5, 5.10.2.3,
5.10.7, 7.2.3.6, 7.2.4.2
1.8 Ejection of parts 5.4.1.2, 5.4.1.3, 5.4.2, 5.4.3
1.9 Loss of stability 5.4.1, 5.6.1, 5.6.3, 5.10.2.1,
5.10.3
1.10 Slip, trip, fall 5.8.2.2, 5.8.2.3, 5.8.2.4,
5.10.8
No. Hazards Relevant clause(s) in
this document
2 Electrical hazards due to:
2.1 Contact of persons with live parts (direct contact) 5.9, 5.10.6, 7.2.3.1 d)
2.2 Approach to live parts under high voltage 5.6.1.3
2.3 Electrostatic phenomena Not applicable.
2.4 Thermal radiation or other phenomena such as the Not applicable.
projection of molten particles and chemical effects
from short circuits, overloads, etc.
3 Thermal hazards, resulting in:
3.1 Burns, scalds and other injuries by possible contact 5.5.5, 5.10.2.3
of persons with objects or materials with an
extreme high or low temperature, by flames or
explosions and also by radiation of heat sources
3.2 Damage to health by hot or cold working 7.2.3.8
environment
4 Hazards generated by noise 5.10.4, 7.2.3.9
- Hearing loss.
- Tinnitus, physiological disorders, stress.
- Risks (accidents, reduced intelligibility of
messages) due to interference with speech
communication and perception of acoustic signals.
5 Hazards generated by materials and substances 5.10.2.3
(and their constituent elements) processed or
used by the machinery
5.1 Hazards from contact with or inhalation of harmful 5.10.2.3, 7.2.4.1
fluids, gases, mists, fumes and dusts
6 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic
principles in machinery design, as e.g. hazards
from:
6.1 Unhealthy postures or excessive effort 5.4.1.3, 5.4.2, 5.7, 5.8,
5.10.8
6.2 Inadequate consideration of hand-arm or foot-leg 5.7, 5.8
anatomy
6.3 Inadequate local lighting 7.2.3.7 f)
6.4 Human error, human behaviour 5.6, 5.7.1, 5.7.2, 7.2.3, 7.2.4
No. Hazards Relevant clause(s) in
this document
6.5 Inadequate design, location or identification of 5.4.1.3, 5.4.3, 5.7, 5.8
manual controls
6.6 Inadequate design or location of visual display 5.6.1.1
units
7 Unexpected start-up, unexpected
overrun/overspeed(or any similar
malfunction) from:
7.1 Failure/disorder of the control system 5.5.6.1, 5.5.6.2, 5.5.7,
5.6.1.3, 5.6.6, 5.6.8, 5.7.1
8 Hazards caused by missing and/or incorrectly
positioned safety related measures/ means
8.1 Guards 5.5.5, 5.7.1, 5.8.2.2, 5.8.2.3,
5.10.2.3
8.2 Safety related (protection) devices 5.4.1, 5.4.3, 5.6.3, 5.6.6,
5.6.7
8.3 Safety signs, signals, symbols 5.4.1.3, 5.6.7, 5.7.2, 7.3.4,
7.3.5
8.4 Information or warning devices 5.6.1, 5.6.4, 5.6.7, 7.1, 7.2,
7.3
8.5 Visibility 5.4.3, 5.8.1, 7.3.4.1
8.6 Emergency devices 5.6.3, 5.6.8
9 Assembly errors 7.2.2, 7.2.4
10 Loss of stability/overturning of machine 5.4.1, 5.6.1, 5.6.2, 5.6.4,
5.6.5, 5.6.6, 5.10.3, 6.2.5
11 Mechanical hazards and hazardous events
11.1 From load falls, collisions, machine tipping caused
by:
11.1.1 Lack of stability 5.10.3, 6.2.5
11.1.2 Uncontrolled loading – overloading – stabilizing 5.5.4, 5.6.1, 5.6.2, 5.6.3,
moment exceeded 5.6.4, 5.6.5
11.1.3 Uncontrolled amplitude of movements 5.6.6
11.1.4 Unexpected/unintended movement of loads 5.5.6, 5.5.7, 5.5.8
11.1.5 Inadequate holding devices/ accessories 5.4.2, 7.2.3.7
11.2 From access of persons to load support 7.2.3.1 e)
No. Hazards Relevant clause(s) in
this document
11.3 From insufficient mechanical strength of parts 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.5.8, 5.10.2
11.4 From abnormal conditions of 5.10, 7.1, 7.2. 7.3
assembly/testing/use/maintenance
12 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic
principles
12.1 Insufficient visibility from the driving position 5.8.1
5 Safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction measures
5.1 General
Machinery shall conform to the safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction measures of this
clause. In addition, the machine shall be designed in accordance with the principles of EN ISO 12100:2010
for other relevant but less significant hazards, which are not dealt with by this document.
The rated capacity shall be calculated from the following:
a) the working pressure in the cylinders;
b) the area of the load carrying cylinders;
c) the geometry;
d) dead loads;
e) load combinations.
For the purpose of the calculations rated capacity is equal to gross load.
5.2 Structural calculation
5.2.1 Information to be given in the calculation
The following information shall be given in the calculation:
a) type of crane and method of operation;
b) the assumed number of all load or working cycles;
c) details of the load-carrying system reflecting actual service conditions including outline drawings
and principal dimensions;
d) the assumed loading conditions including maximum crane inclination;
e) the governing hoisting class, hoist drive class and stress history classes or stress history parameters;
f) the material for the individual components and joints;
g) the shapes, dimensions and static cross-section values of all load-carrying members;
h) the analyses separately for the individual structural components and essential connections.
5.2.2 Dynamic factors
5.2.2.1 Hoisting and gravity effects of the mass of the crane
The dynamic effects due to vibrations of the structure when raising or lowering a load shall be included
in the calculation by applying the factor ϕ on the gravitational forces due to the masses of the crane. It
shall be used for the design of the crane structure itself and its supports. For load combinations A1, B1
and C1, the value of ϕ shall be the lowest of the two values 1,1 and ϕ , or expressed as an equation:
1 2
ϕ = min (1,1 ; ϕ )
1 2
In general ϕ = 1,1. However, it shall not exceed the value of ϕ in case ϕ is less than 1,1.
1 2 2
For load combinations A2 and B2, the value of ϕ shall be 0,95.
5.2.2.2 Hoisting and gravity effects of the gross load
In the case of hoisting or grounding a load as well as starting or stopping a vertical motion, the vibrational
effects shall be included in the calculation by multiplying the gravitational force due to the mass of the
ϕ
hoisted gross load by a factor ., see Figure 2
Key
mH mass of the gross load
vH vertical hoisting speed
F force from the gross load
ϕ dynamic factor on the gross load
g gravity constant
Figure 2 — Dynamic effect when hoisting a load
The factor ϕ shall be taken as follows:
ϕ =ϕ +β × v
2 2,min 2 h
ϕ andβ are given in Table 3
for the appropriate hoisting class. Loader cranes are assigned to hoisting
2,min 2
classes HC1 and HC2 in accordance with their dynamic and elastic characteristics:
— HC1 for crane mounted on a vehicle or structures of equivalent flexibility;
— HC2 for rigidly mounted cranes, e.g. mounted on a static foundation or vessel.
Rigidly mounted cranes, equipped with a device that limits the peak pressure (e.g. an accumulator) in the
first boom cylinder, may be assigned to HC1.
v
is the steady vertical hook speed, in metres per second, related to the lifting attachment. Values of v
h h
are given in Table 4.
Table 3 — Value of β and ϕ
2 2,min
Hoisting class of β ϕ for HD1 and HD4 ϕ for HD5
2 2,min 2,min
appliance
HC1 0,17 1,05 1,05
HC2 0,34 1,10 1,05
Table 4 — Values of v
h
Load combination Type of control system and its operation method
HD1 HD4 HD5
A1, B1 v 0,5 × v v = 0
h,max h,max h
C1 v v 0,5 × v
h,max h,max h,max
Key
HD1 is when the lifting movement can only be operated at a fixed speed, e.g. simple on-off control;
HD4 is when the start of the lifting movement is performed with continuously increasing speed,
e.g. proportional spool valve;
HD5 is when the step-less control automatically ensures that the dynamic factor ϕ does not exceed
ϕ , e.g. electronically controlled proportional pressure compensated spool valve;
2,min
v is the maximum vertical hook speed.
h,max
In load combinations A1 and B1, v is the maximum vertical hook speed that is given by any single
h,max
hydraulic drive action.
In load combination C1, v is the maximum vertical hook speed from all booms being rotated (i.e.
h,max
articulated) simultaneously.
NOTE In load combinations A and B it is assumed that the dynamic peaks from simultaneous movements do
not coincide. The unlikely event that the dynamic peaks coincide and are superimposed is covered by load
combination C1.
5.2.2.3 Effect of sudden release of a part of the gross load
For cranes that release or drop a part of the gross load as a working procedure during intended use, such
as when grabs or magnets are used, the peak dynamic effect on the crane can be simulated by multiplying
the gross load by the factor Φ .
The value is given by:
Φ = 1 - Δm × (1 + β)/m
where
m is the mass of the gross load;
Δm is the released or dropped part of the gross load;
β = 0,5 for cranes equipped with grabs or similar slow-release devices;
β = 1,0 for cranes equipped with magnets or similar rapid-release devices.
5.2.2.4 Effects caused by acceleration/deceleration of the slewing drive
The dynamic factor Φ shall have the value 1,05 for hook duty and 1,3 for bucket or grapple duty.
5h
5.2.3 Loads and forces
5.2.3.1 General
The following loads and forces shall be taken into account:
a) regular loads:
1) dead loads;
2) gross load;
3) dynamic forces;
4) centrifugal forces;
b) occasional loads:
1) in-service wind loads;
2) other climatic and environmental effects such as temperature, snow and ice;
3) loads due to vessel motions and accelerations;
4) loads on stairways, platforms and handrails;
c) exceptional loads:
1) test loads;
2) loads caused by movements suddenly stopped by a mechanical device, e.g. end stroke of slewing
cylinder or a safety device, e.g. emergency stop, hydraulic line rupture valve;
3) sudden release of the load, e.g. rope failure, sling failure;
4) forces due to simultaneous dynamic peaks caused by raising or lowering a load at the maximum
sum of the vertical speeds from all articulation drives.
5.2.3.2 Regular loads
5.2.3.2.1 Dead loads
See 3.1.5.1.
5.2.3.2.2 Gross load
See 3.1.5.2.
5.2.3.2.3 Forces due to acceleration/deceleration of the slewing drive
The horizontal loads from the masses of the crane and of the gross load shall be calculated as follows:
F = m × g × tan α, α ≥ 3°
hi i
where
F is the horizontal load i acting on the gross load or a mass point of the boom;
hi
m is the gross load or mass point of boom;
i
g is the gravity acceleration;
α is the maximum inclination for the crane in accordance with the manufacturer’s specification.
This value shall include the effect of list and trim of vessel with cranes mounted. However, the
minimum value that may be used is α = 3°.
5.2.3.2.4 Centrifugal forces
The centrifugal forces acting on slewing cranes shall only be calculated from the dead load of the boom
system components, the counterweight, if applicable, and the gross load without applying the factors
mentioned in 5.2.2.
5.2.3.2.5 Forces on stabilizer legs
The stabilizer legs shall be loaded by simultaneously acting vertical and horizontal forces. The horizontal
force shall act at the stabilizer foot with the leg at its maximum length and in the most unfavourable
direction. The magnitude of the horizontal force shall be at least 5 % of the vertical force.
5.2.3.3 Occasional loads
5.2.3.3.1 Wind loads
Wind loads shall be calculated according to EN 13001-2:2014. Only in-service wind needs to be applied.
5.2.3.3.2 Loads on stairways, platforms and handrails
See 5.8.2.
5.2.3.3.3 Loads from vessel accelerations due to waves
Where relevant, loads arising from crane support accelerations caused by wave motions (sway, surge and
heave for translational motions and roll, pitch and yaw for angular motions of the vessel) shall be
accounted for. The accelerations shall be applied to the masses of the crane and the gross load.
5.2.3.3.4 Loads from relative motions of vessel
Where relevant, loads due to relative motions between the crane supporting vessel and the load
supporting fixed (e.g. quay constructions) or moving structure (e.g. floating units, vessels, barges) shall
be accounted for and applied to the masses of the crane and the gross load.
5.2.3.3.5 Loads from acceleration due to quay landing impact of vessel
Where relevant, loads caused by external excitation of the crane support due to quay landing impact of
the vessel shall be accounted for and applied to the masses of the crane and the gross load.
5.2.3.4 Exceptional loads
Such loads may act in exceptional situations (e.g. testing, hydraulic line rupture).
5.2.4 Load combinations
5.2.4.1 Basic load combinations
Loads shall be combined to determine the stresses the crane will experience during operation. Basic load
combinations are given in Table 5.
NOTE In general, load combinations A cover regular loads, load combinations B cover regular loads combined
with wind loads, and load combinations C cover regular loads combined with occasional and exceptional loads.
5.2.4.2 Load combinations to be covered
Safety factors for the following load combinations are specified in Table 5:
A1 and B1 Intended service conditions, raising/lowering loads with dynamic peak from any single
hydraulic function while slewing: A1 without wind effects, B1 with wind effects.
A2 and B2 Intended service conditions, with grapple, magnet or similar accessory allowing sudden
release of a part of the gross load while slewing: A2 without wind effects, B2 with wind
effects.
C1 Simultaneous dynamic peaks caused by raising or lowering a load at the maximum sum
of the vertical speeds from all booms being rotated (i.e. articulated), taking into account
the available oil flow.
C3 Crane under test condition.
5.2.4.3 Application of Table 5
Basic load combinations for the calculation to prove that mechanical hazards from yielding and elastic
instability from extreme values do not occur are given in Table 5.
For the proof of fatigue strength, load combinations A1 and A2, with all partial safety factors γ set to 1,00,
p
shall be applied.
-----
...
SIST EN 12999:2020は、油圧式ローダークレーンの設計、計算、検査および試験に関する最低限の要件を規定している標準規格です。この文書は、特定の条件下で設計されたローダークレーンの安全性と性能を保証することを目的としています。 標準の適用範囲は広く、道路車両やトラクター、取り外し可能なボディ、さらには静的基盤に設置可能なローダークレーンを対象としています。この多様な適用範囲は、異なる用途や環境においても、高い柔軟性を提供します。また、特殊工具や交換可能な機器を装備したローダークレーンについても言及しており、オペレーターのマニュアルに基づいて使用される場合に対応しています。 この標準の強みは、特に安全性を考慮している点です。危険要因はClause 4で明確に特定されており、ローダークレーンの使用に関する潜在的なリスクを軽減する手段が盛り込まれています。さらに、作業者の安全に関連するリフト要件については別の規制が適用されることに触れており、国ごとの規制への配慮もなされています。 一方で、SIST EN 12999:2020は、海上で使用されるローダークレーンや、特殊装備の一部として設計されたアーティキュレートブームシステムクレーンには適用されないため、使用対象が明確に定義されていることも本標準の優れたポイントです。これにより、ユーザーは特定の状況での遵守事項を理解しやすくなります。 また、過去の設計に基づくローダークレーンには以前のEN 12999バージョンの規定が適用され続けることが記載されており、これにより、製品の技術基準が時代の変化に適応しつつ、十分な安全性を保持し続けることが可能になるのです。 全体として、SIST EN 12999:2020は、ローダークレーンの設計と使用に関する重要な標準であり、施設や作業現場での安全性向上に寄与する非常に価値のある文書です。
SIST EN 12999:2020 표준은 유압식 로더 크레인의 설계, 계산, 검사 및 테스트에 대한 최소 요구 사항을 상세히 규정하고 있습니다. 이 문서는 도로 차량, 트랙터 및 고정 기반에 설치되는 로더 크레인에 적용됩니다. 또한, 이 표준은 다양한 수송 수단에 설치될 수 있는 로더 크레인에 대한 포괄적인 가이드라인을 제공합니다. 이 표준의 강점 중 하나는 로더 크레인이 설치되는 다양한 환경과 조건을 고려하여 설계되었다는 점입니다. 예를 들어, 도로 차량, 농업용 트랙터, 및 분리형 로더 등 여러 형태의 운반 장치에 맞춰 적용 가능하다는 점은 이 문서의 유용성을 높입니다. 또한, 크레인이 특수 도구나 교환 가능한 장비로 장착될 경우에도 이를 다루고 있어 실용성을 더합니다. EN 12999:2020 표준은 예상치 못한 위험 요소에 대한 규정을 포함하고 있으며, 4조에서는 이러한 위험 요소를 명확히 식별하고 있습니다. 이는 로더 크레인을 안전하게 사용할 수 있도록 지원하며, 사용자들에게 필요한 안전 수칙을 제공합니다. 다만, 이 문서는 사람을 들어 올리는 데 사용하는 로더 크레인에 대해서는 특정 국가 규정에 따르도록 하고 있어, 이를 유의해야 합니다. 이와 같은 표준화 문서는 로더 크레인의 안전성과 효율성을 확보하는 데 필요한 기초자료를 제공합니다. 따라서 이 문서는 로더 크레인 설계 및 운영에 있어 중요한 기준이 됩니다.
La norme EN 12999:2020 concernant les grues chargeuses représente un cadre essentiel pour assurer la sécurité et la performance des grues hydrauliques installées sur divers types de véhicules et de fondations statiques. Son champ d'application est clairement défini, couvrant une large gamme d'installations, y compris les véhicules routiers, les tracteurs, les corps démontables et d'autres transporteurs comme les engins séparés ou les véhicules ferroviaires. Cette norme garantit que les grues chargeuses répondent à des exigences minimales pour la conception, le calcul, les examens et les tests, ce qui renforce leur fiabilité. Parmi les points forts de cette norme, on note la prise en compte des dispositifs spéciaux et de l'équipement interchangeable, qui sont cruciaux pour la flexibilité d’utilisation des grues. Les spécifications clairement énoncées dans le manuel de l’opérateur permettent de mieux cerner les dangers potentiels, bien que la norme stipule que certains risques, notamment ceux liés à la levée de personnes, ne sont pas couverts, ce qui souligne l'importance de respecter les réglementations nationales spécifiques. La norme se démarque également par sa pertinence pour les grues conçues pour un usage avant la publication de ce document, en précisant que les calculs de contrainte doivent se conformer aux versions antérieures de la norme EN 12999, ce qui assure une continuité et une sécurité dans l'évolution des pratiques de conception. En somme, la norme SIST EN 12999:2020 constitue un outil fondamental pour les fabricants, les utilisateurs et les régulateurs dans l’industrie des grues chargeuses, garantissant ainsi des standards de sécurité et d’efficacité nécessaires à la bonne utilisation de ces équipements.
Die Norm EN 12999:2020, die sich mit Kränen - Ladekränen beschäftigt, stellt eine wichtige Grundlage für das Design, die Berechnung, Prüfungen und Tests von hydraulisch betriebenen Ladekränen und deren Montierungen auf Fahrzeugen oder statischen Fundamenten dar. Der Umfang der Norm umfasst Ladekräne, die für die Installation auf verschiedenen Trägersystemen, wie Straßenfahrzeugen, Traktoren und statischen Fundamenten konzipiert sind. Diese umfassende Abdeckung macht die Norm für eine Vielzahl von Anwendungen relevant und notwendig, da sie viele verschiedene Industriesektoren bedient. Ein hervorstechendes Merkmal der EN 12999:2020 ist die klare Definition der Mindestanforderungen, was die Sicherheitsstandards und die Betriebseffizienz betrifft. Diese Standards helfen, das Risiko von Unfällen und Pannen zu minimieren, was für die Sicherheit der Bediener und die betriebliche Integrität von größter Bedeutung ist. Zudem schließt die Norm Ladekräne ein, die mit speziellen Werkzeugen oder austauschbaren Geräten ausgestattet sind, was ihre Flexibilität und Anpassungsfähigkeit an verschiedene Arbeitsbedingungen und Anforderungen unterstreicht. Ein weiterer Vorteil dieser Norm ist die spezifische Betrachtung von Risiken, die in Abschnitt 4 identifiziert wurden. Diese sorgfältige Risikobewertung stellt sicher, dass alle potenziellen Gefahren im Zusammenhang mit Ladekränen angegangen werden, wobei zu beachten ist, dass Gefahren im Zusammenhang mit dem Heben von Personen von dieser Norm nicht abgedeckt sind, was durch nationale Vorschriften reguliert werden kann. Die Norm ist besonders relevant, da sie nicht nur klare Richtlinien für neue Produkte bietet, sondern auch Bestimmungen für Ladekräne enthält, die vor der Veröffentlichung der Norm entworfen wurden. Unternehmen, die Ladekräne entwickeln oder verwenden, profitieren erheblich von der Einhaltung dieser Norm, da sie sicherstellt, dass die Maschinen effizient und sicher in Betrieb genommen werden können. Insgesamt bietet die EN 12999:2020 eine umfassende und praxisnahe Anleitung für die Entwicklung, den Einsatz und die Prüfung von Ladekränen und setzt damit wichtige Maßstäbe in der Branche.
The standard EN 12999:2020 provides comprehensive guidelines regarding hydraulic powered loader cranes and their mountings on various types of vehicles and static foundations. Its scope effectively addresses minimum requirements for the design, calculation, examination, and testing of these cranes, ensuring that safety and operational efficiency are prioritized. One of the strengths of EN 12999:2020 is its versatility. It is applicable to a wide range of loader cranes including those mounted on road vehicles, trailers, tractors, and even static foundations. The inclusion of demountable bodies and other carrier types signifies its relevance across diverse industries, including agriculture and construction. Additionally, the standard's provision for loader cranes with interchangeable equipment demonstrates a forward-thinking approach, accommodating the evolving needs of operators and enhancing functionality. The standard excels in clearly delineating the hazards associated with loader cranes through Clause 4, thereby empowering manufacturers and operators to identify and mitigate risks effectively. However, it deliberately excludes cranes intended for use on seagoing vessels and those designed as integral components of special equipment, which helps to refine its applicability and focus. Another noteworthy aspect of EN 12999:2020 is its historical context; it acknowledges loader cranes manufactured prior to its publication. By allowing for the continued use of earlier standards for cranes designed before this document's release, it promotes industry stability while encouraging compliance with newer, rigorous safety protocols. In summary, EN 12999:2020 stands as an essential document for manufacturers and operators within the loader crane industry. Its comprehensive coverage of design and safety requirements, paired with its clear definitions of applicable cranes and associated hazards, reinforces its relevance and importance in contemporary crane operations.
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